Olivier Levasseur - Faransa fashin teku. Legend na taska da cryptogram Levasseur

Game da corsairs, fashi, freebooters, buccaneers da sauran "Gentlemen na arziki" ba a rubuta daya kasada labari da wani fim da aka yi. Tana tattare da a wani Aura na romance, da basu baye fashi sau da yawa zama abin koyi, da yawa daga cikinsu da ake zargin shiga da fashi ba a zuciyarsa ba, amma saboda yanayi.

Duk da haka, abubuwa duba ba haka ba ne m, a hakikanin rai. A tarihin tarihi, tun a tarihi mai nisa, suna cike da jini shafukan da kisan kai, da} wace da fashi a, chinivshihsya fashi. Amaro Pargo, Olivier Levasseur, Henry Morgan da yawa wasu tsiwirwirinsu dubious daraja, kawo tsõro zuwa mariners da kuma jihar bakin teku garuruwa.

tsoho kama kifi

Sea fashi bayyana a fitowar alfijir na wayewa, tare da ci gaban cinikayya. Merchant jirãge, kõma da tsada dukiya, amma talauci m, ya zama sauki ganima ga Pirates. A farko da aka rubuta ambaci fashi Dates baya ga kasar Masar Fir'auna.

A zamanin da da fashi da yardar kaina Surf da Adriatic, Aegean da kuma Rum tekuna. Greek birni-jihohin da aka lokaci-lokaci fafitikar da su dominance, amma an samu kyakkyawan sakamako ba su kawo shi. Pirates ta ci gaba da washe m jiragen ruwa, da kuma fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin su sayar da su bayi.

Daga baya Roman Empire ya iya yadda ya kamata tsayayya teku fashi. Pompey a cikin na karni BC, ya tattara 500 jiragen ruwa da kuma na dakarun 120 da mutane dubu uku watanni barrantar da Rum na fashi. Kawai tare da fall na Roma a cikin V karni BC a cikin wannan teku fashi yankin sake fara raya.

A zamanin Gwargwadon binciken

By karshen tsakiyar zamanai, Turawa sun yi hu ~~ asa, a Shipbuilding da navigation. Spanish da Portuguese caravels ya koya wa gina - fili, high-gudun da haske jiragen iya zuwa gudãna da iska.

A ci gaba da cartography, tare da yin amfani da kamfas, yanzu ya sa ya yiwu iyo a bude teku, da kuma sphericity na Duniya jarrabawa ba fatan a cimma arziki gabas, za yamma. Duk wannan tattali da babban Gwargwadon binciken.

Biyu da ɗari shekaru, tun da biyu da rabi na XV karni. da kuma kawo karshen tare da tsakiyar XVII karni., Turai navigators bincika da ba a sani ba kafin tekuna, tekuna, nahiyoyi da kuma tsibiran. A daya hannun, da Gwargwadon binciken kasance mataki a gaba, amma, a daya hannun, sai suka ba impetus zuwa mulkin mallaka nasarar da unprecedented karuwa a teku fashi.

Shi ne wannan zamanin samar da yanayi na zargin fashi, waɗanda sunayensu ba tukuna aka manta. Musamman, idan suna da dangantaka da search for da sata taskõkin. Alal misali, cryptogram Levasseur - jagoran 'yan baranda, girgiza farko a cikin Caribbean, sa'an nan a cikin tekun Indiya, sun kasa warware wannan rana.

halatta fashin teku

A duban farko shi iya ze abin mamaki bane cewa Turai monarchies kansu wasu har, sa da karshensa aiki na fashi, wanda daga baya ya yi yaƙi bisa ta'adi. Duk da haka, shi ne.

Holland, Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain da kuma Faransa a XVI-XVII ƙarni. Su gasa ga sabon mazauna da kuma primacy a duniya ciniki. A hadarurruka a wannan gwagwarmaya sun sosai high, don haka da hannu a ta saka manta da jihar scruples lõkacin da ta je zabi na wajen.

Kamar wancan akwai wani privateering - Ya halatta fashin teku. Da farko patents na ganima m jiragen makiya ikon bayar da masu zaman kansu jam'iyyun kawai domin lokaci na tashin. Duk da haka, a hada a dandano na capers a wani sauri ya bar wani gwada da sauki hanyar samun da kuma bayan su kammala.

A cewar wasu rahotanni, waccan mujalla da muka Olivier Levasseur ya fara aiki a matsayin privateer, kwasar ganima Spanish jiragen ruwa a tekun Atlantic a madadin gwamnatin Faransa. Duk da haka, nan da nan ya, kamar da yawa daga cikin yan'uwansu a cikin harkokin ciniki, fi son "aiki" a kan kansu.

'Yan fashin teku a cikin Caribbean

Sea fashi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin mulkin mallaka na nahiyar Amirka da kuma aiwatar da m jari na babban birnin kasar a yammacin Turai. Mafiya yawa na 'yan fashi da kuma privateers kasance Dutch, Faransa, da Spanish, Turanci da kuma Portuguese.

A tsakiyar XVII karni. Yana fara wani lokaci da ake kira da masana tarihi da zinariya shekaru na teku fashi. Shi zai šauki game da shekaru 80, da kuma babban fagen fama da ayyukan fashi a cikin Caribbean sun zama, inda cruised jirgin ruwa dauke da zinariya, da taba, da azurfa, Indigo, sukari da kuma sauran kayayyaki.

By karshen wannan karni lokacin mulkin mallaka gwamnatin karshe raba duniyoyin da tasiri, da suka fara a hade da kawar da teku fashi a cikin Caribbean. Saboda wannan dalili, da yawa daga cikin 'yan fashi, daga gare su, Olivier Levasseur, koma zuwa wasu sassa na duniya don smoothly ci gaba da ba bisa doka ba kama kifi.

Man Ba tare da wani Past

M bayanai game da asalin na Levasseur bai tsira. Wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa mallakar wannan iyali a matsayin cewa na Pol Levassor - wani Faransa fashin teku daga Calais. Duk da haka, shirin gaskiya shaida wannan jarrabawa ba.

Akwai kuma jita-jitar cewa Olivier aka haife tare da Tortuga - tsibiran a cikin Caribbean, inda a cikin 40s na XVII karni da gwamnan ya Fransua Levassor. Idan haka ne, to, ya zama na waɗansu mai daraja iyali daga Conyer (Maine Department).

Haka ya shafi cikin shekara haihuwa Olive Levassora. Ainihin ranar ne ba a sani ba. Mafi m da aka haife shi tsakanin 1680 da kuma 1690. Kawai tushen game da lokacin da Olivier Levasseur farauta a cikin Caribbean Sea, sa'an nan a cikin tekun Indiya, shi ne "tarihi daga cikin shahararrun 'yan fashi," Charles Johnson, da aka buga a 1720

tilasta hijirarsa

A lokacin yakin na Spanish mayẽwa (1701-1714 gg.), The gwamnati na Louis XIV kariminci rarraba patents privateers washe jiragen ruwa a tekun Atlantic. Duk da haka, bayan karshen France shiga cikin hadaka na Turai ikon kafa domin kauda 'yan fashin teku a yankin.

An sani cewa a 1716 Levasseur, lakabi La Buse umarci wata ƙungiya daga 70 Pirates. Cruising a cikin Caribbean, sun samu nasarar sata cikin Dutch, Spanish kuma Birtaniya jiragen ruwa kan hanyar zuwa Turai ko Amurka.

Kusan lokaci guda a cikin Bahamas hadu da fashin teku shugabanni, inda masu rinjaye zabe shi don motsawa zuwa mafi aminci wurare, kamar yadda yakin da teku fashi tsiwirwirinsu lokacinta. Daga cikin wadanda suka yanke shawarar yin hijira, kuma ya kasance mai fashin teku Olivier Levasseur.

A cikin ruwan tekun Indiya

Afirka ta yamma ya zama wurin da ya farauta fashi a 1718-1719 gg. tare da shugabannin Coquelin da kuma Davis. ZAMBA akalla 15 jiragen ruwa a bakin kogi da Sierra Leone, suka rabu. A wannan lokaci, da Faransa fashin teku da kuma matukan jirgin ya shiga tekun Indiya via da Cape of Good Hope.

A lokacin rani na 1720 daya daga cikin Comoros jirgin farfashe Levasseur. Tawagar tsince Ingila da kuma Taylor - biyu shugabannin fashin teku jiragen ruwa. Ba da da ewa Ingila da aka hambarar da kuma sauka a tsibirin Mauritius, kuma a wurin da aka zabe Levasseur.

Tare da Taylor, suka kama biyu na farko Arab jirgin ruwa, sa'an nan load Birtaniya rundujar soja masu dawaki, wanda take ta Gabas India Company. Hakar mai girma da kuma shi samu kawar da fashi riba Dutch Kasuwanci a India birnin Cochin. Daga can suka jũya a cikin shugabanci na Mauritius.

shahararre ganima

Restock arziki da kuma gyara jiragen ruwa, tare da Levasseur Taylor gangarawa Madagascar. Kan hanyar sa zumunci Island, sa'an nan ya kira Bourbon. Pirates matso kusa da shi 8 Afrilu 1721 kuma samu a hanyoyi na wani Portuguese jirgin, addabi da hadari.

Domin bayani game da abubuwan da suka biyo za a iya samu a archives na daban-daban kasashen Turai, saboda ganima kama da wata ƙungiya daga yan fashin teku, an dauki daya daga cikin mafi girma a tarihin 'yan fashin teku.

A kan da Portuguese flagship na jirgin ya Bishop da Halĩfa na Goa, amma mafi muhimmanci - da lu'u-lu'u dutsen, kayan ado, da tsada yadudduka, furniture, da azurfa da zinariya bullion, kayayyakinsa, bukukuwan abubuwa, kudi, da dai sauransu Masana tarihi sun kiyasta cewa, darajar Diamonds kawai. yau musayar kudi dabam daga 3 zuwa 4 da dala miliyan.

rudanin

Ganĩma ya faru a Madagascar. Kowane samu 42 lu'u-lu'u da kuma 4000 fam. A farkon da XVIII karni - shi ya abar ƙyãma na dũkiya da cewa a yarda live kage a Turai.

Duk da haka 'yan fashi da kuma bai tunanin barin m cinikayya. An sani cewa a 1722, da suka sata Larabawa jirgin, en hanya daga kasar Sin zuwa samfurin, sa'an nan ya koma Madagascar zuwa Delagoa Bay (Gabashin Afrika). Local Dutch sojojin ba kawai tsayayya da fashi, amma kuma a cika ya shiga da darajõji.

A 'yan watanni da yan fashin ya fitar a gyara cikin jirgi, kuma hukunci da abin da ya yi gaba: komawa zuwa ga Caribbean ko ya kasance a cikin tekun Indiya. A karshen, Taylor ya shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa West Indies, kuma Levasseur tare da ma'aikatan jirgin 250 jama'a suka tafi fashi m jiragen ruwa kashe bakin tekun na gabashin Afrika har ya jirgin, yana zaune a kan wani banki, ba fadi. Tun daga nan, Levasseur zauna a Madagascar.

Karshen aiki

Taro Island a 1642 ya zama Faransa mallaka. Madagascar shi ne rabu da kawai 700 km. A 1724 Gwamnan na tsibirin yi wa'adi Levasseur da ƙungiya afuwa idan suka warware tare da 'yan fashin teku da kuma komawa zumunci. Fata akwai wani kadan. Mai, ciki har da La Buzás ƙiya.

Kan gaba shekaru shida da suka ci gaba su sami daya a tekun Indiya, yin ta da tushe a karamin tsibirin na Sainte- Marie. A 1730 da shugaban Faransa jirgin "Medusa" yaudara kama Levasseur kama da kuma kawo a cikin marũruwa zuwa zumunci. Ga fashin teku ya bayyana a gaban kotun, wanda yanke masa hukuncin da za a rataye.

Yana da aka yayatawa cewa daya daga cikin mambobin majalisar, wanda ya yi mulki a tsibirin, musamman rayayye yi Jihãdi, a cikin kama da kisa da La Buzás kamar yadda aka yi nufi ga ka mallaki dukiyarsa. Idan wannan gaskiya ne, shi mafi kusantar da aka dauka aback da abin da ya faru na gaba.

Asirin taska

A kisa ya faru a cikin watan Yuli 1730 a kan babban square na Saint-Paul, wanda shi ne a wancan lokaci da administrative cibiyar na tsibirin. Kafin ka Dutsen da scaffold, da fashin teku jefa a cikin taro wani takarda, yana mai cewa zai samu taska ga duk wanda ya iya decipher da rikodin.

Shakka yi imani cewa, labarin da labari. Duk da haka, akwai wani lalle cryptogram. Kuma kusan uku ƙarni da taskarsu Olive Levassora ci gaba ya wajaba a zukatan dayansu daga kasashe daban-daban. Wannan shi ne m, ba girman da ganima kama da fashi kashe da Portuguese a 1721 Amma shi ne kawai daya daga cikin aukuwa a cikin aiki na La Buzás.

Duk abin da ya, amma taska Olive Levassora ci gaba da neman a kwanakin nan namu a kan tsibiran tekun India, dake kusa da Madagascar. Duk da haka, ya zuwa yanzu babu daya na da hakkin ya decrypt da cryptogram wayo fashin teku. Saboda haka, a cikin tarihin na taskõkin La Buzás batu kafa farkon.