Submarines na yakin duniya na biyu: photo. Submarines na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Jamus, yakin duniya na II

Submarine jiragen ruwa ya zama wani ɓangare na Navy na kasashe daban-daban riga a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Development ayyukansu a fagen submarine fara tun kafin ta fara, amma kawai bayan shekara ta 1914 da aka kammala bukatun ga jiragen ruwa management yi halaye na submarines. Babban yanayin a cikin abin da suka iya yi aiki, ya zuwa stealth. Submarines yakin duniya na II, a tsarin da ka'idodinta mataki ya sãɓã, kadan daga waɗanda suke a gabãninsu daga baya shekarun da suka gabata. A tsarin bambanci da aka yawanci kunshi a fasaha sababbin abubuwa da kuma wasu ƙirƙira a cikin 20s da 30s raka'a da aggregates, inganta navigability halaye da kuma lamarinsa.

Jamus submarines kafin yaki

Sharuddan da yarjejeniyar da Versailles ba da damar Jamus gina yawa iri jiragen ruwa da kuma haifar da wani cikakken fledged sojojin ruwa. A cikin pre-yaki lokaci, kyalewa hõre ta cikin kasashen da a 1918 Allied iyakancewa ba, Jamus masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa, duk da haka kaddamar a kan goma sha biyar teku aji submarines (U-25, U-26, U-37, U-64, da dai sauransu). Hijirar a kan surface ya game 700 tons. Karami submarines (500 ton) a cikin adadin 24 guda. (Lambobi U-44) da 32 raka'a coasting-bakin teku iyaka sun guda da kuma kunsa da goyon bayan wani kawar da karfi Krigsmarine. Dukansu sun kasance m baka kida da torpedo shambura (yawanci 4 baka da tsananin 2).

Saboda haka, duk da yawa hana matakan, ta 1939, dauke da makamai da Jamusanci Navy kunshi quite zamani submarines. Yakin duniya na II nan da nan bayan da aka kafa ta ya nuna babban inganci na wannan aji na makamai.

Kokarin a Birtaniya

Birtaniya dauki na farko duka na Hitler ta yaki na'ura. Abin ban mamaki isa, admiral na daular mafi sosai yaba da barazanar da Jamusanci battleships da Cruisers. A da gwaninta na baya-manyan sikelin rikici, suka zaci cewa submarine ɗaukar hoto za a iyakance zuwa gwada kunkuntar jihar bakin teku tsiri, kuma su ganewa ba zai zama mai yawa daga wani matsala.

Sai ya juya daga, duk da haka, da cewa Jamus U-jirage yakin duniya na II zai iya zama mafi hatsari makami fiye da surface jiragen ruwa. Kokarin kafa wani sojan ruwa kawancen na arewacin tekun kasa. A rana ta farko na yaki jirgin "Athenia" ta torpedoed ya kuma nutse cikin jirgin sama m "Koreydzhes" Satumba 17, da jiragen sama da Birtaniya fatan yin amfani da matsayin da wani tasiri wajen sawa. Block mataki "kerkẽci fakitoci" Admiral Lucifer iya ba sarrafa, sun yi karin cikinka. Oktoba 14, 1939 da submarine U-47 sun shiga cikin ruwan Royal Navy tushe a Scapa Flow, kuma daga wani surface matsayin torpedoed anchored jirgin ruwa na soja "Royal Oak". Kotun mutu kowace rana.

Lucifer takobi da garkuwa Birtaniya

By 1940, da Jamus da aka yarda su tafi kasa na Turanci jiragen ruwa tare da duka tonnage na fiye da miliyan biyu da ton. Yana da jũna cewa Birtaniya ba ta da makawa bala'i. Interest to tarihi tarihin gaya game da irin rawa submarines yakin duniya na II. A fim "The Battle na Atlantic" gaya labarin gwagwarmayar iko da fleets na teku, hanyõyi, wanda ya tafi a kan samar da takaddama kasashen. Yaqi "Wolves" Lucifer ya wuya, amma kowane kalubale aiki fraught yanke shawara, da kuma aka same shi a wannan lokaci. Nasarori a fagen radar zai gane ba kawai gani, amma kuma a cikin sifili ganuwa, kuma a cikin nesa, da Jamusanci submarines.

A yakin duniya na biyu ya ba tukuna kai da ganiya lokaci, ya a watan Afrilu 1941, amma aka sunk da submarine U-110. Ta kasance na karshe tsira daga waɗanda suke tãre da wanda Hitler ya fara fada.

Mene ne wani snorkel?

Daga cikin sosai farko na submarines zanen kaya sun dauke daban-daban embodiments na samar da wutar lantarki da ikon shuka. Submarines yakin duniya na II, kore ta wani lantarki mota, da kuma a kan surface - a dizal engine. Babban matsalar kuma kunã kangẽwa, da adana sirri, ya sa bukatar surface lokaci zuwa lokaci zuwa recharge batura. A lokacin da ya tilasta unmasking submarines ne m, da suka iya gane jirgin sama da kuma radars. Domin rage wannan hadarin, shi ƙirƙira da ake kira snorkel. Yana da wani extendable bututu tsarin ta hanyar abin da wani dizal daki shiga cikin yanayi iska da ake bukata domin konewa na man fetur da kuma kawar da shaye gas.

Aikace-aikace snorkel submarines taimake rage asarar da, amma a Bugu da kari sun radars da sauran hanyar da ganewa, kamar Sonar.

} Ir} bar unattended

Duk da a bayyane yake abũbuwan amfãni, sanye take da snorkel kawai Jamus U-jirage yakin duniya na II. Tarayyar Soviet da kuma sauran kasashe sun bar shi unattended firtsi, ko da yake yanayin wajen samo kwarewa sun. An yi imani da cewa na farko Dutch shipbuilders amfani da wani snorkel, amma mun san kuma cewa, a shekarar 1925 irin wannan na'urorin tsara ta Italian soja m Ferretti, amma sai wannan ra'ayin da aka watsi. A 1940, da Netherlands da aka mamaye ta Nazi Jamus, amma ta submarine jiragen ruwa (4 raka'a) dole ya bar UK. Akwai ma, ba mu godiya da wannan, ba shakka, da ake so na'urar. Snorkel dismantled, la'akari da su matukar hatsari da kuma m mai amfani da na'urar.

Sauran neman sauyi fasaha mafita submarines magina bai yi amfani. Batura inganta na'ura for caji su, inganta iska farfadowa tsarin, amma manufa zauna canzawa submarine na'urar.

Submarines yakin duniya na II, Tarayyar Soviet

Photo heroes severomortsev Lunin, Marinesco, Starikov buga ba kawai Soviet jaridu, amma kuma waje. Submariners kasance real heroes. Bugu da kari, mafi nasara shugabannin Soviet submarines ya zama sirri makiyan Adolf Hitler, kuma mafi fitarwa daga gare su, ba a bukatar.

A babbar rawa a cikin sojan ruwa da yaƙi ya taso a arewacin tekuna da kuma Black Sea tasa, buga Soviet submarines. Yakin duniya na II ya fara a 1939, da kuma a 1941, Nazi Jamus farmaki da Tarayyar Soviet. A wancan lokaci, a kan mu rundunar submarine makamai kunshi dama na asali iri:

1. PL "Decembrists". Series (ba domin suna da biyu mafi raka'a - "Narodovolets da kuma" The Red ") kafa a shekarar 1931. Cikakken hijirar - 980 tons.
2. "L" jerin - "Leninist." Daftarin 1936 shekara hijirar - 1400 ton, jirgin dauke da makamai shida Tas a harsashi torpedoes 12 da kuma 20 teku mahakar, biyu bindigogi (hanci - 100 mm kuma forage - 45 mm).
3. "R-XIII» jerin tare da kawar da na 1,200 tons.
4. A jerin "ni" ( "Pike") da hijirar na 580 tons.
5. "C" jerin 780 m, wani shida-m TA kuma biyu bindigogi - 100 mm da kuma 45 mm.
6. "K" jerin. Hijira - 2200 t Bunƙasa a 1938 godu submarine, tasowa gudun 22 kullin (surface matsayi) da kuma 10 kullin (karkashin ruwa matsayi.). Jirgin ruwan teku aji. Shida dauke da makamai torpedo (6 TA hanci da abinci 4).
7. "M" jerin - "Baby". Hijira - daga 200 zuwa 250 m (dangane da gyara). Ayyukan a 1932 da kuma 1936, TA 2, cin gashin - 2 makonni.

"Baby"

Submarines "M" jerin ne mafi m U-jirage yakin duniya na II Tarayyar Soviet. A fim "The Soviet Navy. Nasara Chronicle "gaya labarin da ɗaukaka da hanyar da yawa crews basira amfani da musamman handling halaye na wadannan jiragen ruwa, guda biyu tare da su kananan size. Wani lokaci kwamandojin gudanar zare jiki samun kusa da rijiyar-kare maƙiyi tushe da kuma samun daga zalunci. "Baby" za a iya hawa da dogo da kuma taso kan ruwa a tekun Black Sea da kuma Far East.

Kan daidai da abũbuwan amfãni daga jerin "M" da aka, ba shakka, da kuma rashin amfani, amma ba tare da su akwai wani kayan aiki ne cikakken: taƙaitaccen cin gashin, kawai biyu torpedoes in babu stock, cramped kuma muhimmin yanayi na sabis hade da 'yan daga cikin ma'aikatan jirgin. Wadannan matsaloli sun ba da ya hana jaruntakar submariners lashe wani m nasara a kan abokan gaba.

A kasashe daban-daban,

Ban sha'awa yawa a cikin abin da submarines yakin duniya na II kasance a sabis da navies na kasashe daban-daban kafin yaki. Kamar yadda na 1939 da most rundunar submarines da Tarayyar Soviet (sama da 200 inji mai kwakwalwa.), Ya gaje shi da iko Italian submarine jiragen ruwa (fiye da dari raka'a), da uku wuri da aka shagaltar da Faransa (86 inji mai kwakwalwa.), The hudu - UK (69), na biyar - Japan (65) da kuma na shida - Jamus (57). A cikin shakka daga cikin yaki canza ma'auni na iko, da jerin kusan sahu a baya domin (ba domin yawan Soviet submarines). Bugu da kari ya saukar da a cikin ruwa a cikin shipyards a cikin sahu na Soviet Navy da submarine aka gina a Ingila, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na Baltic jiragen ruwa bayan da Accession daga Estonia ( "Lembit", 1935).

bayan da yaki,

Yaƙin ya mutu a ƙasa, a cikin iska, a kan ruwa da kuma karkashin shi. Domin shekaru masu yawa, cikin Soviet "Pike" da "Baby" ci gaba da kare gida na kasar, sa'an nan suka yi amfani domin horar da sojan ruwa cadets na soja makarantu. Wasu daga cikin su sun zama Monuments da gidajen tarihi, wasu suna rusted a makabartun submarines.

Submarines a cikin shekaru goma bayan da yaki, kusan bai shiga cikin tashin cewa an kullum faruwa a duniya. Akwai gida rikice-rikice, wani lokacin ci gaba a cikin wani tsanani yaki, amma submarines aka ba yaki aiki. Su suna samun mafi secretive, motsi zare jiki da sauri, godiya ga ci gaba samu makaman nukiliya kimiyyar lissafi Unlimited cin gashin.