Yaren mutanen Poland soja shugaban da kuma siyasa Sikorskiy Vladislav: biography, nasarori da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Iyakacin duniya Wladyslaw Sikorski ya zama shahararren godiya ga hannu a cikin gwagwarmayar kasa 'yancin kai a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Da ya gudanar ya hada soja sabis da kuma m harkar siyasa. Bayan da zama na Poland ta Uku Reich Sikorski zama shugaban gwamnatin-a-hijira. Ya mutu a hadarin, kuma ta yanayi zama kiwo ƙasa domin jam'i na hadin kai ka'idar.

farkon shekaru

A nan gaba Polish siyasa da kuma soja shugaban Sikorskiy Vladislav aka haife May 20, 1881 a gmina tuszów narodowy - wani karamin kauye da Galicia. Sa'an nan kuma, yankin mallakar Austro-Hungarian Empire, amma da yawan jama'ar ya yafi Slavic. Yaron sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare a Lviv (Lemberg) da kuma sa suna a cikin gida Polytechnic Institute. A wannan lokacin, Poland aka raba tsakanin Rasha da Habsburg Empire. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa Sikorskiy Vladislav ya zama wani aiki takara a kasa motsi. A Lviv, ya halarci a cikin halittar Polish yantar kungiyoyi.

A 1908, wani saurayi ya koma aiki gwagwarmaya da Union. A Yaren mutanen Poland kwantar da tarzoma kungiyar "Sagittarius", ya kuma an zabe shugaban. Duk da yake a cikin Galicia sun girma anti-Austria sentiments, Turai babu makawa gabatowa da yakin duniya na farko. A shekara ta 1914, da Serbian 'yan ta'adda harbe da Austria magaji Franz Ferdinand. Wannan taron shi ne dalilin da yaki da ya kama dukan Tsohon World. Austria-Hungary da kuma Rasha sami kansu a kan daban-daban tarnaƙi na barricades. A Dogayen sanda, wanda kasashe suka raba tsakanin biyu ikon da aka shirya don a yaki don samun 'yancin kanta. Sikorskiy Vladislav kasance daya daga cikin mafi yawan aiki shugabannin kwata 'yanci motsi.

A gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai

Bayan wani m m na Rasha sojojin a Gabas Prussia, Central Powers shagaltar yammacin larduna da mallakar Rasha. Daga cikin waɗannan ƙasashe ya Mulkin Poland - Poland cin gashin a cikin daular.

A 1916, Sikorskiy Vladislav zama mai taimako ga Jamus da Austriya-Hungary, ya fara dama ga halittar wata al'umma-jihar tare da goyon bayan da Jamhuriyar Powers. Wannan hali ya kai ga cewa kwamandan ya zo a cikin rikici da kasa shugaban Yuzefom Pilsudskim, wanda ya yi ĩmãni da cewa Poland kamata kauce wa angarorin na da makwabta.

A ƙawance da Jamus

Duk da haka, a 1916 aikin na Sikorski aka gaske aiwatar. Nuwamba 5 da aka sanya hannu, a yi, bisa ga abin da Jamus da Austriya-Hungary gane da sabon Mulkin Poland. Wannan jihar shi wani tauraron dan adam na da iko makwabta.

Jamus bai damu game da Yaren mutanen Poland 'yancin kai, sun kawai so goyon bayan da Dogayen sanda da Rasha. Amma duk da haka yayin da Władysław Sikorski zauna wani mai goyon bayan Jamus da Austriya, yanã fãtan su goyon baya ga kafa wani zaman kanta a jihar. A 1916-1918 gg. Kwamandan da aka tsunduma a cikin wannan Dogayen sanda dauka a cikin rundunar sojojin Jamhuriyar Powers.

A sabon Polish sojojin

Nuwamba 11, 1918, a Warsaw, Poland mayakan makaman da Jamus sojojin. Jamus ya kawai ya rasa yakin duniya na farko, sa'an nan da fara juyin juya halin akwai. A irin wannan yanayi, a Poland Jamus taimaka ba za a iya ajiye a karkashin wani yanayi. A 'yan kwanaki bayan da sama episode a Warsaw zo Jozef Pilsudski, wanda ya zama shugaban kasa. Har ila yau, a watan Nuwamba, Wladyslaw Sikorski aka nada babban hafsan sojoji a Galicia.

Ko da yake yakin duniya na farko ya ƙare, Poland, da har a cimma farko na zaman lafiya a yankin ƙasarta. Barazana ga kasar da aka Soviet Rasha. A Bolsheviks, kafa da iko a kan kango na rushe daular, dauke Poland kamar yadda su saboda. The yaki tsakanin makwabta suka fara a watan Janairu 1919. Lenin Dangane da yaƙin neman zaɓe a matsayin farko na duniya proletarian juyin juya halin. A hankali, bayan jere fari kungiyoyin a kan daban-daban fronts, da Red Army mayar da hankali a yammacin shugabanci dukan ƙarfinsa.

a kan Bolsheviks

Tun farkon da yaki da Tarayyar Soviet Rasha da Poland soja shugaban da kuma siyasa Sikorskiy Vladislav tafi Polesskii soja da karfi, inda ya zama shugaba. Ya yi don tsara wani sojoji daga karce. Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin ba su da wata guda iko cibiyar, kuma a sarari tsarin. Reforge sa kai kungiyar soja a wata al'ada sojojin hukuma har yanzu basu da lokaci. A lokacin yakin, Poland ya fara a zahiri tare da su danda hannun.

Kuma duk da haka, bayan da ya bayyana cewa Bolsheviks ne a hakikanin barazana, sojojin da aka sauri shirya da kuma staffed. An babban taimako ga wannan nasara da ya sanya Wladyslaw Sikorski. A biography wannan mutumin - wani m misali na biography na soja shugaban, don kokarin hannunsa a cikin wani iri-iri capacities a hedkwatar da filin aiki. Shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa a cikin sabbin shugabannin kasar Sin dauke da shi dace to bã shi amãnar dauke da fitar da dama ayyukan.

Kiev aiki

Sikorski aka nada zuwa Group "Polesie" sojojin a watan Agusta 1919. Ga wasu lokaci gefe ya kasance har yanzu a cikin kusanci da Minsk. Sa'an nan, ya aka dauka Mozyr. Red Army a kalla sau hudu kokarin kwato garin, amma ga wani wadãtar. A watan Afrilu 1920, da kwamandan sojojin dauki bangare a cikin m na Kiev aiki kama da babban birnin kasar Ukraine shagaltar da ta Bolsheviks. A hare-haren da aka za'ayi a kan iyakar yankin daga Olevsk zuwa Mozyr. A wannan aiki, da Dogayen sanda goyon bayan 15000th sojojin Simona Petlyury.

28 ga watan Afrilu Woodland rukuni na Yaren mutanen Poland da sojojin da aka a kan layi Vinnitsa - Kazatin - nuclear. Kashegari ta tafi wani 90 kilomita kuma yana cikin karkata daga Kiev. Cikin wannan hanyar da Dogayen sanda ba haɗu da wani juriya. Soviet kwamandan soja Sergei Mezheninov janye sojojin, domin tsoron kai tsaye adawa da makiya suka karbi bugun jini.

Sikorski (Sikorski) Vladislav, tare da abokan aikinsa suka tafi Kiev, May 8, 1920. Duk da haka, da wannan nasarar da aka wucin gadi. Tuni a May 14 da Red Army a karkashin umurnin "aljan na yakin basasa" Mihaila Tuhachevskogo fara wani counteroffensive, saboda wanda sandunan yi gaggawa koma baya. 5 ga watan Yuni gaban da aka karya. 12 na Red Army shiga Kiev. Agusta 6 Group "Polesie" da aka watse. Sikorski dauki umurnin 5th Army.

Warsaw aiki

Tukhachevsky counter-kai hari tilasta Dogayen sanda koma baya. Army daga cikin sojojin da shige da sabon gari. A wannan rafi kasance wani ɓangare umarce kai tsaye Sikorski Vladislav. Kwamandan, duk da haka, bai zana hannuwansu da aka shirya don wani hukunci adawa da Bolsheviks.

A muhimmanci lokacin a lokacin da jini gudana riga a cikin kusanci da Warsaw, ya 5th Army tsayar da makiya da arewa da babban birnin kasar. Tukhachevsky karfi ne ma miƙa kuma zama m don kai farmaki Poland. Sikorski sojojin dauki amfani da wannan kuma karya da darajõji daga cikin Bolsheviks, da ciwon koma dama kilomita. The hukunci dare da dama a kan Agusta 15 ya taimake ta zo da rabo a karkashin umurnin Lyutsiana Zheligovskogo.

Wannan nasara ya yarda a-Cif Yuzefu Pilsudskomu shirya mafi alhẽri a cikin mai zuwa counter-kai harin, wanda ya kawar Poland na "ja annoba". Sikorski ta taimako ga aikin ceto na Poland da aka babbar. Ya aka bayar da mafi m kasa soja domin - "Domin soja mazakuta". A watan Afrilu 1921, ya aka yi nasara da Pilsudski a-Cif daga cikin sojojin da kuma shugaban Gaba Staff.

m shekaru

Tare da farko na Duniya Sikorski ya shiga siyasa. A watan Disamba, 1922 - May 1923. ya kasance firaministan kasar da kuma a lokaci guda aiki a matsayin ministan harkokin. A gwamnati karkashin jagorancin Sikorski ya iya samu daga kasashen yammacin amincewa da iyakokin kafa bayan da ta lashe yaki da Tarayyar Soviet. Don Poland aka annexed yammacin Ukrainian da Belarushiyanci yankin.

Tun da 1928, Sikorsky aka zaune a gudun hijira a Faransa. A tashi ne saboda gaskiya cewa siyasa ne daya daga cikin mafi vocal sukar da nan gwamnatin. Shekaru ciyar a Faransa soja ba kawai - sai ya shiga Higher Soja School. Hango ba ta rũɗe Sikorski. Zaman lafiya a Turai kuwa, short-rayu.

Yakin duniya na II

Lokacin da Hitler ta Jamus a 1939, mamaye Poland, wanda ya yi zaman hijira Władysław Sikorski kokarin samun daga shugabancin kasar na manufa a gaban. Wadannan kokarin zo da kome ba. A lokaci guda a Faransa ya fara da samuwar da Polish sojojin a cikin zaman talala. Wannan tsari a Paris, kuma ya kasance shugaban Sikorskiy Vladislav. Iyakacin duniya yi duk abin da ya iya sai kasarsa da aka sauri gabatowa shan kashi.

A cikin wata daya bayan da yaki ya fara Sikorski ya zama firaministan kasar a cikin gwamnatin-a-hijira. A karkashin ya jagoranci, 84000th Polish sojojin da aka halitta a Faransa. Lokacin da ta Uku Jamhuriyar zo a karkashin harin da Jamus, Sikorsky sojojin kokarin dakatar da tsokana. Bayan da shan kashi na Faransa da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland gwamnati, da kuma rage na dakarun gudu zuwa Ingila.

Lokacin da Jamus farmaki da Tarayyar Soviet, Sikorski tafi zuwa ga farfado da huldar diplomasiyya tare da Tarayyar Soviet. Daidaita dangantakar da aka short-rayu. Ba da da ewa da Jamus, wanda shagaltar da wani ɓangare na Soviet ƙasa, saki bayanai game da Katyn kisan kiyashin. A labarai na m tashin hankali na NKVD jami'an na Yaren mutanen Poland fursunonin yaki suka kai ga wani hutu. Sikorski kokarin lallashe Churchill ya daina hadin gwiwa tare da Tarayyar Soviet. A 'yan makonni, Yuli 4, 1943, da firayin ministan kasar a zaman talala, tare da' yarsa da aka kashe a wani hadarin jirgin sama a kusa da Gibraltar. Kwatsam mutuwa shi ne karshe tsirkiya a cikin rayuwar siyasa. Kamar yadda canza da kuma cike da kaifi jũya da dukan sauran rayuwarsa. Vladislav Sikorsky kuma mutuwarsa har yanzu sa mai yawa shawara. Polak aka binne shi a Ingila, a gaban Churchill. A toka na kasa gwarzo da aka canjawa wuri zuwa mahaifarsa a 1993.