Gagarin ta jirgin cikin sarari: da ba a sani ba abubuwa game da mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru na XX karni

Almara Gagarin ta jirgin cikin sarari har yanzu kiwata da yawa tambayoyi, amsoshin wanda har yanzu zama ta kasa warwaruwa.

A farko jefa mutum cikin sarari ya faru jima

Kamar 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, masu bincike gano cewa Yuri A. yana zuwa sararin Subhana karo na farko ba serene Afrilu rana, har ma da' yan watanni a farkon - a watan Disamba. Wannan ya bayyana a cikin Resolution na da CC CPSU da majalisar ministocin kasar a ranar 11 ga Oktoba 1960. A farkon "Gabas" a cikin hunturu hana ban tausayi hadari: a 24 ga watan Oktoba a Baikonur kafin ya iya fara, soja roka sun fashe, ya ƙara rura wutar. A sakamakon haka, an kashe mutane 268, cikinsu da Marshal Nedelin. Mafi yawan mutane a zahiri ya ƙone da rai. Saboda gaskiya cewa Jihar Hukumar ya jefa duk sojojin domin bincikar lamarin, Gagarin ta sarari jirgin da aka dakatarda.

A kayan aiki kasance abin dogara ne kawai a 50%

Hakika, a Soviet sau, wannan bayanai ne a hankali boye. Duk da haka, da statistics magana don kansu: na shida gwajin gabatar da ba wadda ta gabãta da ƙaddamar da wani mutum a cikin sarari, uku sun yi ban tausayi sakamako. May 15, 1960, kasa da shekara guda kafin su dauki Gagarin sarari jirgin, ta kaddamar da jirgin saboda wani karkatattun hali kula da tsarin da ba ƙasa don duniya, da kuma ci gaba da tashi har wa yau. 23 ga watan Satumba wannan shekara, dama a farkon na roka sun fashe a kwamitin da suke karnuka da Krasavka damka. Disamba 1st jefa dauki wuri mafi nasarar karnuka Pchelka da Mushka canjawa wuri amince fara, amma saboda gaskiyar cewa yanayin saukarsa a karshen jirgin ya ma m, da jirgin ya ƙone tare da dabbobi kasancewa a cikin shi.

Kuma shi ke ba a ma maganar gaskiya cewa bala'i ya faru ba kawai a sarari amma kuma a kan Earth a lokacin daya daga cikin workouts dama a cikin kadaici jam'iyya mutu Bondarenko - ƙarami dan takarar da 'yan saman jannati.

A wuri na farko cosmonaut Titov iya dauka

Amurka na iya ba ka bijire, kuma dukan sojojin kokarin sa na farko mutum a sarari jefa. Gwaje-gwaje sun kasance a ƙarƙashin hanya, duk da haka, a cikin West, maimakon karnuka da makamai masu linzami da fasinjoji sun birai. The United States duba ido in May 2, 1961 - shi ne a ranar da ya aka nada wani muhimmanci na farko farko. Duk da haka, Sergei Korolev iya ba da damar Amirka shi ne mutum na farko zuwa sararin Subhana. Ko da yake da rabo daga 50/50, wanda ba ya bayar da kowane irin tabbacin cewa Yuri A. dawo da rai, da ƙaddamar da Soviet kumbon sama jannati aka nada 'yan makonni a baya. A waɗannan kwanaki, tsanani dauke da ra'ayin maye gurbin Gagarin, wanda ya biyu kananan 'ya'ya mata, a kan marasa' ya'ya Jamus Titov. Amma Korolev nace a kan takarar na Yuri kuma, a nasa kalmomi, da sauran rayuwarsa ya yi girman kai, ba ni kuskure a cikin su zabi.

jannati da ke cikin mafi girma da hadari a farko 20 seconds na jirgin

A karshe zo a kan Afrilu 12 1961 da shekara - da ranar Gagarin ta jirgin cikin sararin samaniya da kuma daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru na karni na ashirin. Mafi hadarin lanci daidai roka jefa. tace makirci ya shafi daban-daban zabin domin ceton spaceman a matakai daban-daban. Fãce na farko 20 seconds. Lokacin da zai kaddamar da abin hawa fashewa kujera Yuri catapulted ga tsawo, bai isa ya bude laima. Tare da wannan manufa da aka kirkiro "gaggawa ceto tsarin", wanda yake shi ne babban hudu mutane da suka kasance suna zaune a kusa da farkon na musamman tsara da kuma kiyaye shirya wani babban layin wutar na nailan. Idan da hadarin ya faru, sai su yi tsalle daga cikin tsari da kuma kama, xan sama jannatin a matsayin firemen kama mutane tsalle daga cikin manya benaye da kona gine-gine.

Hukumomi sun shirya kawai uku Rokon ga mutane

Babu wanda ya tabbatar da cewa Gagarin ta jirgin cikin sarari zai ci nasara. Saboda haka, domin uku-Tass magani aka shirya: a yanayin da gwajin da aka kammala cikin nasara, na biyu - a lokacin da da kumbon sama jannati ba za su iya tafiya a cikin sarari guda, da kuma na uku - da ban tausayi mutuwa na cosmonaut.

Idan riga a sarari ya gaggawa, a sakamakon wanda birki Motors da aka hana, da jirgin zai kasance a Duniya falaki. "Gabas" da aka tsara don haka da cewa a cikin irin wannan halin da ake ciki, da jirgin kasa, "clinging" daga cikin manya Layer na cikin yanayi, rage gudu, kuma a amince kasa ko fantsama saukar da wani wuri. Duk da haka, shi ba zai faru bayan awa 1 da ta 7-10 rana. A saboda wannan dalili aka halitta da samar da ruwa, abinci da kuma iska, wanda ya kamata isa ga kwana goma.

Hadari lurked kuma a gaskiyar cewa, duk da yawa kwanaki na gwaji da kuma horo, ya kasance wani hadarin shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya a cosmonaut. Don kauce wa wannan, Gagarin ya yi umurni da kullum shawarwari tare da Duniya. Kuma ya yi shi duka 108 minti na jirgin.

Yunƙurin na da makamai masu linzami da aka mu'ujiza?

Duk da dukan tabbaci na Soviet hukumomi, da kuma kaddamar da kaina jirgin ya faru bisa ga shirin. Akai-akai akwai gaggawa halin da ake ciki. Alal misali, a farkon ban load tightness makami mai linzami haska. Saboda wannan, kamar wata minti kafin a fara zanen da aka tilasta wa unwind, sa'an nan acikin sarƙa tsawar 32 baya zuwa ƙyanƙyashe murfin. Wadannan kasawa ya faru a kan mahada. Maimakon siginar da "5" ba zato ba tsammani tafi yawan "3", wanda nufi da cewa a cikin jirgin akwai kasawa. Service module rabu lokaci mai tsawo, wanda zai iya haifar da wuta roka, da bawul makale kwat da wando Gagarin da kalilan suffocated, alhãli kuwa yanã gudãna da jirgin ya fara birkida da ka ...

Duk da haka, da jirgin ya samu nasara, kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru a cikin tarihi na "sanyi yaki" tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka, da kuma a cikin tarihin dan Adam baki daya.

Kurakurai da touchdown, "Gabas" kuka ɓõye da yawa shekarun da suka gabata a jere

Soviet hukumomin tabbatar da cewa Gagarin komai a fili a wani qaddara yankin. A gaskiya, masana kimiyya sun gudanar da dama recalculated kuma babu wani daga cikin sakamakon ba a tabbatar da cewa gaskiya ne. A gaskiya komai a fili Yuri A., catapulted fita daga jirgin, a cikin Saratov yankin. Na farko mutane da suka ga sama jannatin sun Anna Tahtarova, matar wani forester, kuma ta jikanyar Rita. Ganin wani mutum a wani bakon kaya, da haihuwa lady ya firgita da farko, amma da cosmonaut ta'azantar da ita, suna ihu suna cewa: "Ya, ya, Soviet!"

Kamar wancan ƙare Gagarin ta jirgin cikin sarari. Shekara da ranar taron - 12 Afrilu 1961 - lalle alama farkon wani sabon zamanin a tarihin 'yan adam.