"Totleben" (Fort): tarihin, photos, location

A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mai talented soja injiniyoyi, wanda ideas sun bude wani sabon zamanin a cikin art na USAID, da jadawali Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (1818-1884) biyu mata kagarai da aka mai suna. Ya bayyana manufar gudu counter ga kullum yarda da Trend a cikin art na yaki, da kuma kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu a cikin Crimea da kuma gabashin yekuwar zai gina mafi defenses a lokacin da USAID Manuniya.

keken shanu Blanche

A farko USAID, wanda ake kira da sunan "Totleben" - Fort sansanin soja a Kerch. Eduard Ivanovich, wanda ya gama a 1859 a matsayin darektan na aikin injiniya da sashen na soja sashen, a yi da Kerch sansanin soja jin dadin da cikakkiyar amincewa da kuma goyon bayan Alexander II. A 1872, aikin a kan kammala gina aka kammala da cikakken gamsu da sarki, ya zo a can don duba. Kuma haka babban USAID sansanin soja ne a kan tsari na Alexander II, sunan "Totleben". Fort aka located a cikin narrowest na mashigar Kerch, a kan Cape AK-wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi.

A mu'ujiza na soja aikin injiniya

A sansanin soja da kanta da aka gina kewaye da yarjejeniyar da Paris 1856 , ta haramta Rasha da sojojin ruwa da kuma gabar teku kufaifan. A irin kurkuku ko sansanin soja a sansanin soja da ake kira "Totleben". Fort haɗa da tsarin da mafi tsawo 600 mita rami. Wannan karfi da aka gina da shekaru 20, kuma shi ne daya daga cikin biyu mafi m kuma mafi muhimmanci dake gabar teku da rinjaye, gina a cikin XIX karni - Kerch da Kronstadt. Black Sea Fort ya manufa da kuma cikakken karfafa - bayar shi ne duk up zuwa na karshe, daki-daki, saukar zuwa tashar tattabara. Barikin ga sojoji, latrines, ruwa ajiya, karkashin kasa nawa galleries da Tunnels - duk gina tare da tara a lokacin da tsaro na Sevastopol kwarewa da kuma kula da kare kagara, da magina suka yi mafi ganuwa da kuma rufe duk dutse Tsarin karkashin kasa.

samun akwai

A wannan lokaci, tsororuwar Crimea - 110 mita, inda akwai wani abin tunawa ga baiwa na soja aikin injiniya, da ake kira "Totleben" a masa mutunci. Fort gaci batura ta rufe babban yankin. Kagara "Kerch" yanzu ba a cikin mafi kyau yanayin - ta yi watsi. Amma Onsite shiryar da Tours ana gudanar a kai a kai. Yanzu jama'a kai don samun to shi ne ba sauki - jigila №6, departing daga tsakiyar tashar bas, kana bukatar ka samu zuwa tasha "Woodworking reshe". Next - kawai a kafa. Babu cikakken Manuniya - fuskantarwa a kan navigator ko da tambayoyi gida mazauna. Own kai da tafiya zuwa karshen Taman Street, wucewa a gama gona, na karshe ma'ana wanda shi ne sansanin soja.

Daya daga cikin kagarar Kronstadt

Daya daga cikin abubuwan da na tsaron gida tsarin na Kronstadt ma Bears sunan E. I. Totlebena. Domin gina wannan Fort fara bayan shiri na kagara a kan Black Sea (1872). A 1879, ya fara aikin, tushen da akwai guda biyu wucin gadi tsibiran - dalilin da biyu mata kagarai sanya na bakin gabar teku. Conventionally, sun kaddamarda "A" Fort da kuma Fort "B". Na farko shi ne ya zauna a cikin shallows a 10 km daga tsibirin Kotlin da 4 km daga Sestroretsk, na biyu - 7 kilomita kudu maso yammacin Fort "A" da kuma 4 km daga Kotlina. Fort "A" ya kudin a baitulmalin Haikali 6.5 miliyan rubles. zinariya Fort "B" - 7 miliyan rubles. Aiki a kan gina tsaron gida ayyukansu da za a kammala ta 1903, amma daga wannan lokaci kawai zuba da kuma karfafa tsibirin. Kawai, a 1913, da kufaifan aka sa a cikin aiki. Bayan kammala aikin Fort "A" da aka sake masa suna "Totleben", a cikin girmamawa shan wani aiki sashi a cikin ta yi na babban soja injiniya, da kuma na biyu abu ne da ake kira "Obruchev".

All hada da

Fort "Totleben" (photo a haɗe) yana a cikin hanyar da harafin "C". A gaban wani ɓangare na shi aka tura zuwa yamma - madawwamin maƙiyi Rasha. A gaban part, kunsha na uku sassa, da kuma biyu lankwasa gefen tare isa a tsawon na 700 mita, mai nisa constructions ya 50 mita.

Lokacin da ta yi da aka dauka la'akari da bakin ciki da kwarewa na Rasha-Japanese yaki da munanan canje-canje a cikin manyan bindigogi. "Totleben" shi ne wani soja a garin, bayar da dukan abin da ya cancanta a cikin ra'ayi na zamani yaƙi. An ban sha'awa gaskiya, a matsayin tsarist gwamnati ya kula da rundunõninsa. A cikin ƙasa na Fort da wani desalination tsarin da ta tsarkakewa, 6 dizal janareto, najasa da ruwa, dadi barikin ga mutane 800 da kuma jami'in kungiyar soja, asibiti, kantin magani, burodi da kuma coci, cinematography kuma a library, baho, warehouses da gleiser, da gidan waya da kuma tarho musayar . A baya gefen harbor da su kusanci kotuna, tare da tituna ne.

m lokaci

A mu'ujiza na aikin injiniya da aka Fort "Totleben". A tarihin na ci gaba wanzuwar wannan tsada da kuma ban sha'awa abu damuwa. Bayan da juyin juya halin, ya aka bai wa sabon sunan "Pervomayskaya". A ãdalci ya kamata a lura da cewa a shekarar 1923 da 10-inch bindigogi da aka maye gurbinsu da wani harbi daga jirgin ruwa na soja "Rurik", su iyakar kewayo karu daga tsohon 18 zuwa 20 km. Tsare yi gyare-gyare.

Fort dauki a cikin Soviet-Finnish yaki na aiki hallara. Karshe gyara da aka za'ayi a 1950-1954 shekaru. Sa'an nan kome ya tafi downhill - a shekara ta 1955 sojojin da aka wargaza rundunar da kuma janye manyan bindigogi, harbi daga duk iri lissafin kudi a 1957th Fort, kuma tun shekarar 1958 da zarar iko USAID tsaye komai, kuma a bari.

hukunta halin rushewa

Babu wani abu da ya canja a lokacin da "Totleben" da aka dauka a kwamitin zartarwa na Leningrad City Majalisar da sikẽli a shekarar 1990 ya shiga UNESCO jerin. The kyau kwanaki ne da baya, a lokacin da 90-ies karni na karshe fara kama wani abu conservator da artist daga St. Petersburg Vladimir Tkachenko, wanda shi ne kwamandan wata mai sa kai. Ya ba, a kalmomin amma a ayyukan tsabtace, gyara da kuma dakunan Fort "Totleben". Yadda za a samu a nan? Wannan tambaya ya ba kafin dabbanci, wanda ya zo a kan kankara a cikin hunturu na 2008. Dukan ayyukan da V. Tkachenko aka hallaka, shi aka mangled, ƙone da wawushe. Kuma inda ma'aikatan duba karfi batu na gaggawa ma'aikatar, ya shirya a nan a 1999?

Summer yawon shakatawa na Gulf of Finland

Yanzu da abu duba bayan ta sa kai raka'a da kuma search-da-ceto raka'a "Beach". Ziyarci Fort iya ba, duk da haka, a matsayin wani ɓangare na yawon shakatawa ba tare da musamman izni da kuma takardun kamar yadda zai yiwu. Abin da irin shirya ziyara? Su suna da za'ayi kawai a lokacin rani lokaci, da oda za a iya sanya ta wayar tarho samuwa a handbooks.

Da shirya suna da damar duba da dama irin wannan abubuwa Gulf, ba kawai a Fort "Totleben". A yawon shakatawa ya hada ziyara ga wadannan abubuwa - "Da farko Kudancin" mata kagarai "Alexander I na", "Milutin", "Obruchev" da "Totleben".

A cikin hunturu, duk abin da ya fi sauki. Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, za ka iya samun kan kankara da Gulf of Finland, shi za a halatta ziyarci Fort "Totleben". Yadda za a samu a lokacin rani? Kawai wani ɓangare na yawon shakatawa. Independent isowa a jiragen da jiragen ne tsananin haramta, saboda hadarin shi ne ma mai girma ga rayuwa. Hakika, akwai mutane da yawa dayansu ko ziyarci Fort, kazalika da masu jiragen akwai, a shirye domin da ya dace cin hanci ya karya dokokin.