Rene Dekart: A Biography da kuma babban ideas

Mutane da yawa masu bincike na tarihi na falsafa ne na gaskiya, dauke da kafa Rene Dekarta zamani yammacin falsafa. Mene ne sanannen Rene Dekart? Biography da asali ideas kimiyyar lissafi, lissafi, masanin kimiyyar da aka bayyana a cikin labarin da ke ƙasa.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Rene Dekart aka haife cikin wani matalauta daraja iyali da kuma shi ne auta na uku da 'ya'ya maza. Yana kawo har da masu juna biyu kaka, kamar yadda tsohonsa, Ioahim Dekart, an yi wani alƙali a wani birni, da kuma mahaifiyarta, Zhanna Broshar mutu a lokacin da Rene ya ba tukuna shekaru biyu da haihuwa. Koyar da addinai yaro a Jesuit makaranta na La Flash. Daga yara ya kasance sosai m da kuma fara samun hannu a farkon lissafi. A 1616 Rene Dekart samu wani digiri na farko.

Rene Dekart. Biography. Dutch lokaci

Bayan kammala karatu daga jami'a, nan gaba masanin kimiyya tafi su yi yaƙi. A lokacin da lokacin ciyar a aikin soja, ya ziyarci da dama zafi spots cewa lokaci: da Siege na La Rochelle, da juyin juya halin a Netherlands, da yaƙi don Prague a cikin shekaru talatin da 'War. A ya dawo zuwa Descartes kusan nan da nan da ka je zuwa Netherlands, kamar yadda a Faransa, da Jesuits zarge shi da karkatacciyar koyarwa domin freethinking.

A Holland, masanin kimiyya ya rayu shekaru 20. A lokacin wadannan shekaru, kimiyya da bincike ya halitta Descartes da ta buga da dama ayyukan da suka zama muhimman hakkokin wa falsafa.

• "The World" (1634)
• "Maganganu kan Hanyar" (1637)
• "Tunaninsu a kan Farko Falsafa ..." (1641)
• "Principles of Falsafa" (shekarar 1644)

Society aka kasu kashi biyu: wadanda suka birge kuma wadanda suka gigice da sun gudanar da binciken Rene Dekart.

Brief biography na masanin kimiyya ne cike da binciken da kuma ayyuka, amma game da sirri rai sosai kadan ne da aka sani. Descartes da aka ba aure. Abin da aka sani shi ne cewa a 1635 'yarsa Francine aka haife. Mahaifiyarta wani bara na masanin kimiyya. Rene Dekart sosai m yarinyar da aka inconsolable da kuma na dogon lokaci, a lokacin da ta ba zato ba tsammani ya mutu daga mulufi zazzabi da shekaru 5 years. Kamar yadda m da kuma zurfin mutum, a Falsafa juya kula da m uba.

Church of Holland Elite ba zai iya yarda da ra'ayin freethinking masanin kimiyya. A tsawon rayuwar da aka tsananta shi. Dutch lokaci ba wani togiya. A Faransa, Cardinal Richelieu yarda a buga ta amplitude, amma Protestant masu ilimin tauhidi na Netherlands hõre la'ana a kan shi.

Breakfast lokaci

A 1649 Rene Dekart a kan m gayyatar da Sarauniya Christina na Sweden, kore ta Dutch Inquisition, koma Stockholm. A 1649 ya zo da littafin da aikinsa "The Passion na rai."

Rayuwa a kotu, ya yi yawa, ya ba da sauki: sarauniya ko ya kasance irin zuwa ga masanin kimiyya, amma duk ma sau da yawa aka loading ya ilimi aiki. A wannan yanayin, da Falsafa kiwon lafiya (riga rauni) kara rincabewa a cikin matsananci arewacin sauyin yanayi. Hulda da masana kimiyya da coci soured gaba daya.

Bisa ga hukuma version, Rene Dekart ya mutu a kan Fabrairu 11 kafa a 1650, fadi da rashin lafiya da ciwon huhu. Akwai jita-jitar cewa ya aka guba. Bayan shekaru 17, ragowar babban Falsafa kasance a request na Faransa koma daga Sweden da kuma reburied a cikin ɗakin sujada na Saint-Germain.

Ma'ana Descartes - kafa rationality

The kafa rationalism aka dauke su Rene Dekart. Babban ideas a fagen falsafa za a iya taƙaice bayyana kamar haka.

• Scientist hypothesized game da babban halaye na abu da kuma halaye.
• Descartes tabbatar da cewa, hankali a cikin ilmi taka wata muhimmiyar rawa.
• Shi ne marubucin da ka'idar dualism, da wanda sulhu jari da kuma idealist falsafancin.
• Descartes sa a gaba da ka'idar "m ideas."

Rukunan abu

A kan aiwatar da nazarin matsalar da zama, da asalinta da aka tsara manufar abu, ya wallafa Rene Dekart. Babban ideas na masanin kimiyya ne bisa wannan ra'ayi.

Abu - shi ne duk da cewa akwai kuma ba ya bukatar ka zama a wani abu amma kansa. Wannan ingancin ya kawai na har abada, ba za a iya halitta, Ubangiji madaukaki. Shi ne dalilin da tushen duk. Allah, kamar yadda mahalicci ya halitta duniya, ya yi yawa, daga cikin abubuwa da da wannan quality: babu bukatar wanzuwar wani abu amma kansa. A dangane da juna da halitta wadãtacce abu, kuma tare da Ubangiji - ne sakandare.

Descartes da rababben halitta abu a kan abu (abubuwa), da kuma ruhaniya (da ra'ayin). Domin sakandare abu abubuwa halayyar stretch (tsawon na awo). Su divisible to rashin iyaka. Ruhaniya Creation abu, bisa ga Falsafa ta ra'ayin, da wata ãyã daga tunani. Su rabuwa.

Man lẽƙãwa a duk sauran a cikin yanayin abin da aka hada da biyu abubuwa: abu da kuma ruhaniya. Saboda haka, mutum dualistic. Abu da kuma ruhaniya a cikin shi ne daidai. Kamar wancan gani, "kambi na halitta" Rene Dekart. Da ra'ayoyi na masanin kimiyya yanke shawarar dualism falsafa na madawwamin tambaya na abin da ya zo na farko: al'amari ko sani.

The hujja daga cikin primacy na dalilin

"Ina ganin, saboda haka ni" - marubucin daga cikin shahararrun aphorism ne Rene Dekart. Major binciken falsafa dogara ne a kan hakan na primacy na da dalili.

A duk abubuwan da za ka iya shakka, sabili da haka, akwai wani real shakka da kuma bukatar wani hujja. Shakka - wannan dukiya da aka yi tunani. Sunã shakka a cikinsa mutum yana zaton. Saboda haka, mutum wanzu, kamar yadda ya tsammani. Tunanin - da aiki na tunani, saboda haka, tushen rayuwa ne kawai cikin hankali.

cire Descartes

The masanin kimiyya da shawarar yin amfani da wata hanyar ta cire , ba wai kawai a cikin ilmin lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi, amma kuma a cikin falsafa. "Don canza ilmi daga handicrafts to masana'antu samar" - wannan ne aikin kafa a gabansa ya Rene Dekart. A kasar da ya rayu (musamman da Jesuits), bai kai koyarwarsa.

A nan ne manyan ka'idodi na wannan epistemological Hanyar:

• tushen bincike kawai matabbaci ilimi da shari'a, shi ne ba a cikin shakka.
• raba wani hadadden matsala a cikin sassa.
• matsawa daga wani da aka sani kuma tabbatar da unproven ba a sani ba.
• bi da wani m jerin, don magance asarar da ma'ana links na sarkar.

Rukunan "m ideas"

Na bayar da muhimmanci a ci gaba da falsafa, ya karbi rukunan "m ideas," marubucin wanda kuma Rene Dekart. Ainihin ra'ayoyi da theories hakan:

• Mai ilmi aka samu da cire, amma akwai wani ilmi game da cewa ba ya bukatar hujjoji - "m ra'ayoyin".
• suka kasu kashi Concepts (misali, rai, da jiki, Allah, da dai sauransu) da farillai (misali, a dukan mafi girma daga kashi).

Rene Dekart. Biography: Interesting Facts

• Fiye da shekaru 20 na zama a cikin Netherlands Rene Dekart yi ya zauna, a dukan birane.
• I. P. Pavlov dauke da kafa Rene Dekarta su gudanar da bincike, don haka kafa a gaban ya awon Falsafa tunawa.
• GCAP Descartes haruffa A, B da C nuna a fakaice constants, kuma na karshe haruffa na Latin haruffa - canji.
• A watã akwai wani bakin dutse, mai suna bayan da babban masanin kimiyya.
• Yaren mutanen Sweden Koroleva Kristina so shi kowace safiya yi daidai Rene Dekart. Biography masanin kimiyyar ya ƙunshi bayanin cewa dole ne ya yi don samun up a biyar da safe.
• Lokacin da reburial da ya rage daga cikin Falsafa aka gano bace da kwanyar, wanda shi ne don haka wanda zai iya ba bayyana.
• Duk da cewa har yanzu da official version na mutuwa na masanin kimiyyar dauke ciwon huhu, da yawa sun gaskata cewa an kashe shi. A 1980s akwai shaidar da guba tare da arsenic Rene Dekarta.