Artisanal kama kifi: definition, iri. handicrafts

Artisanal kama kifi - shi ne ya halicci musamman, daga asali ra'ayin da kayayyakin da ake amfani da su a rayuwar yau da kullum, kuma Ya halitta master hannuwanku.

Menene manual aiki ga wani mutum

Don Master shi - da damar saka musamman halitta, wanda ya gan a cikin mafarki. Shi ne painstaking da hankali gama na kowane daki-daki, don haka da cewa a karshen ya juya daga m.

Ga mai saye shi - da damar sayan mutum samfurin da take cike da soyayya da kuma sa rai haske, ya nuna ainihi daga cikin mutum wanda ya sayi wani abu hendmeyd.

A tarihin na zargin crafts

Handicraft aiki ya bayyana tare da zargin mutum a duniya. Items cewa aka yi, ko da yaushe sun kasance a bukatar, amma mutum kamar yadda su aiki nemi a kara ado bangaren. Bisa ga wannan na farko ya yi aiki daga cikin rasa rubutu dokoki da aka wuce sauka daga ubangijinsu ya almajiri. Mafi ƙarfafa. Kamar wancan ne aka kafa da Canon a wasu yanki. Hadishi shige daga tsara zuwa tsara, kiyayye fake da girke-girke. Artisanal kama kifi akwai kuma kauye kuma a cikin wani gari inda duk iyali da aka yi abubuwa guda makõma, shan amfani da wajen guda hanyoyin, amma yin su na sirri tunani kamar yadda mafi kyau a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada da su yi ado ko canja siffar. Sau da yawa da kayayyakin sun layu aiki saboda kakanninmu da gaske ya yi ĩmãni da sojojin allahntaka. Sun yi abubuwa da kyau makamashi, da sa rai a cikin halittar. A taro samar, shi ne kome maye gurbin.

Crafts tsoho Rasha

A birane Posada har da Mongol mamayewa maƙera samar da baƙin ƙarfe, da karfe makamai, da gatura, chisels, sickles, kwa'di, makullin. Jewelers minted ba ferrous karafa, na zinariya, da azurfa, da tagulla, da na tagulla kayan ado. A cikin studio aiki masaƙa, maginan tukwane, stonemasons. Sana'a Bi fata da kuma Jawo, itace. Saboda haka tasowa artisanal kama kifi a cikin pre-Mongol lokaci. Amma bayan da mamayewa na Batu duk abin da aka hallaka, kuma da yawa sana'a fashinsu a zaman talala, da kuma ga wani karni da ci gaban stalled sana'o'i. Duk da haka, sannu a hankali, kuma tare da wani asarar basira da kuma asirin crafts fara da za a mayar da, kamar yadda aka bukata ta rai.

Iri crafts

Waɗannan su ne irin mutãne art, wanda yake shi ne a fili a bayyane kasa al'ada. Su za a iya raba:

• zanen a kan tukwane, karfe, papier-mache, itace;
• kayayyakin daga masana'anta, da cewa shi ne, iri daban-daban yadin da aka saka bobbin, saukar, kuma fentin Scarves.
• lãka kuma itace toys.
• karfe kayayyakin - simintin kuma filigree.

A cikin wadannan kwatance ɓullo da makeshift kama kifi a Rasha. Yanzu wadannan siffofin kerawa za a iya yayi nazari a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Gzhel

Ashirin da bakwai kauyuka kusa Moscow sun masu da na halitta abu - lãka kumar kasko. Kuma kumar kasko samarwa ya fara, archaeologists gaya mana game da bakwai ƙarni ago. Yana da aka rikitarwa, kuma daga sauki unglazed kayayyakin da aka canjawa wuri zuwa su an rufe tare da farin icing, sa'an nan fesa juna tare da blue cobalt oxide. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da buroshi yi na kurege Jawo na daban-daban diameters. Da dama tabarau na Paint ana amfani da gefe daya daga cikin goga. Yana ba ka damar haifar da duhu, cikakken launi yankunan da haske inuwa. Yana da wani fasaha da aka sanar da can a Gzhel. Yumbu artist ba gashi ta kamu maimaita juna da kuma samar da wani musamman sanya hannu, wanda swirls da kuma ado kawai son.

Zhostovo

A kauye kusa da birnin Moscow, inda kusan shekara ɗari biyu fenti tin trays lambu da kuma daji da furanni a kan wani baki ko canza launin bango. The artist sami wani zane, ci gaba da zanen da ya fara aiki tare da cibiyar, ciko shi da manyan wardi cewa maɗaukakin haskensa. Yana da nasa asirin daga iyayengijinsu.

Fedoskino

Wannan kauye ne ba da nisa daga Moscow, inda ya fentin ƙirãza da kuma kwalaye sanya na papier-mache. Dada zane-zane da fenti mai ban mamaki haske. Wannan sakamako da aka samu saboda surface kafin zanen amfani zinariya leaf da kuma uwar lu'u-lu'u.

Khokhloma

A labarin ya ce shi ne united biyu skills - Juya vytachivanie bowls, kwalaye, cokula, Bratin da Old mu'mini Gumakan basira. A rufi varnish "tufafi" akai-akai shafa aluminum foda, sa'an nan da hannu ba tare da maimaita wani abu, fentin a mai, sa'an nan rufe da dama yadudduka varnish, kuma bushe a cikin wani tanda. Sai ka sanya zinariya Khokhloma.

tukwane

Tukwane crafts suna da kyau wakilci toys daga lãka. Suna sanya a yankunan da yawa na kasar mu. Musamman shahara ga irin kama kifi kauye Dymkovo a cikin Kirov yankin. A Arkhangelsk yankin a Kargopol abun wasa masana'antu ya kasance kullum a iyali al'amarinsu. A mafi m adadi shi ne Polkan - aljanna-labari dabba kamar kare da kuma wani mutum da epaulettes. A kauyen yankin Tula Filimonovo 'yan mata kera daga lãka whistles, tattara kudi domin sadakin da kanta, da kuma maza da aka yi da jita-jita. Toys ba tare da glaze (terracotta a tsarkake form) na haihuwa ya yi a Stary Oskol Belgorod yankin. All toys - shi ne aikin hannu. Ba a ma maganar, candlesticks, da tuluna, Kvasnikov, Frames ga murhu hours, wanda haifar da ɗaukakar Skopin Ryazan yankin.

yadin da aka saka

A Rasha, mai daraja Vologda, Yelets da Mtsensk yadin da aka saka, wanda ya ko da yaushe darasinsa bobbin. Yana da dukan aikin hannu.

Kasli simintin

A cikin Urals, a Kasli jefa m guda na Cast baƙin ƙarfe. Da zarar sun iya sayi a Stores. Yanzu wannan na musamman samfurin, wanda zai šauki har abada, tare da nazarin details bace daga shelves, da kuma shi ne mai yiwuwa ne kawai a samu a cikin shaguna.

Production na kananan batches na kayayyakin

Ko kuma zai iya yiwuwa a kira ta da kalmar "gida masana'antu." Yau, da wannan hanyar sanya zanen tufafi, misali. Cottage masana'antu - shi ne ma aikin jewelers, furniture fasãdi. Wannan irin aiki ya shafi rabuwa da yadda ake gudanar. Alal misali, a cikin yi na Zhostovo tire wani sa kansu trays na daban-daban siffofi, wasu rufe su tare da varnish, wani paints. A wannan abu ya faru a Gzhel, Khokhloma, Skopin, da aka ambata a sama.

Rasha ne musamman arziki a iyawa, asali m da kuma high quality aikin hannu kayayyakin.