Prince Sergey Volkonsky (Decembrist): ɗan gajeren lokaci

Ɗaya daga cikin shafukan da suka fi sha'awa a tarihin tarihin Rasha na karni na 19 shine tashin hankali na Decembrist. Mafi yawan masu halartar taron da suka sanya kansu manufar hallaka lalata da kuma hidima sun fito ne daga iyalan da suka fi sani da su, suka samu ilimi mai kyau kuma suka bambanta kansu a cikin soja, diplomasiyya ko kuma littafi. Daga cikinsu akwai Sergei Volkonsky. Decembrist ya rayu shekaru 76, wanda tsawon shekaru 30 yake cikin aiki mai wuya da kuma gudun hijira.

Tsoho

An haifi Sergei Grigoryevich Volkonsky (Decembrist) a 1788 a Moscow. Lokacin da aka buƙaci ya nuna asalinsa, ya rubuta "daga shugabannin Chernigov". A wannan yanayin, shi ne na kowa ilimi da cewa iyalinsa mallakar Rurikovich da kuma a kan masu juna biyu gefen ya kakan kaka aka a kusa aboki na Bitrus, mai girma Marshal A. I. Repnin.

Iyaye

Mahaifin Decembrist na gaba - Grigory Semyonovich Volkonsky - abokinsa ne na irin wadannan mashawarta kamar PA Rumyantsev, GA Potemkin, AV Suvorov da NV Repnin. Ya halarci kusan dukkanin yakin da aka yi a farkon karni na 18, kuma a cikin shekarun 1803-1816 ya zama Gwamna Janar a Orenburg, sannan kuma ya kasance memba na majalisar.

Babu wani mutum sanannen mutumin da ya yi sanannen sunan Sergei Grigoryevich - Alexandra Nikolayevna. Ta yi aiki a matsayin marubucin da kuma Oberhofmeister a 3 guraben Rasha, kuma shi ma wani doki na doki na Order na St. Catherine 1 digiri. Kamar yadda a baya, bisa ga kakan na Decembrist, dan jaririn ya bayyana dan jikokinsa, Alexandra Nikolayevna ya bushe sosai kuma "ya maye gurbin ra'ayoyin da ya shafi aiki da horo."

Yara

Tarihin Decembrist Volkonsky ya ce rayuwarsa tun daga farko ya samo asali domin kowa ya tabbata cewa zai yi wani kyakkyawan aiki a nan gaba.

A lokacin haihuwarsa, umurnin Bitrus ya kasance mai karfi, bisa ga abin da ɗalibai masu daraja zasu fara aiki tare da sojoji. Hakika, iyaye masu tausayi da suke da haɗin kai da kuma kudi sun dade sun sami hanyar da za su samu. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, kamar sauran 'yan uwansa daga' yan uwan dangi, an riga an rubuta shi a matsayin Sergeyha Volkonsky yana da shekaru takwas a cikin Kherson, wanda ya ba shi zarafi ya "girma" zuwa mukamai a lokacin da ya tsufa. A gaskiya ma, Volkonsky (Decembrist a nan gaba) ya yi amfani da shekarunsa a babban gidan Abbot Nicholas Nicolas, kuma ya shiga soja ne a 1805 a matsayin shugaban kungiyar tsaro na cavalry.

Fara aikin soja

Bayan 'yan watanni bayan da aka fara aikin, a 1806, yaron ya bar Prussia a matsayin mai kula da filin Marshal M. Kamensky. Akwai rikice-rikice, yayin da matashin saurayi ya bar mukamin rukuni na rukuni na Rasha, ba tare da yakin da Napoleon ba.

Mai rikon kwarya ya lura da Janar Janar AI Osterman-Tolstoy, wanda ya dauke shi a karkashin reshe. Kashegari, Volkonsky (Decembrist) ya shiga cikin yakin domin karo na farko, ya shiga cikin yakin Pultusk.

Bayan rattaba hannu da zaman lafiya na Tilsit koma zuwa St. Petersburg da Order of St. Vladimir, Golden Cross na yakin Eylau da kuma maras muhimmanci premium takobi.

A cikin 1810-1811 gg. Sergei Volkonsky ya yi yaki a kudanci tare da Turks, an aika shi zuwa reshen kwamandan kuma ya karfafa wa kyaftin.

Kasancewa a War Warfare

A lokacin da harin da Napoleon ya kai a kan Rasha, Prince Sergei Volkonsky (Decembrist) ya kasance a matsayin wani kwamandan karkashin Alexander the First.

Ya shiga cikin yakin Dashkovka da Mogilev, kusa da Porechye, karkashin Vitebsk, a birnin Zvenigorod, a kan Kogin Moscow, kusa da ƙauyen Orlov. Yariman musamman ya bambanta kansa a ranar 2 ga watan Oktoba a lokacin yakin da ke birnin Dmitrov kuma an karfafa shi a matsayi na jami'in.

Ya ƙarfin zuciya da aka lura, da kuma a lokacin da yãƙi, a mararraba na Faransa ta hanyar da Berezina River. Sa'an nan kuma, ga jarumin da aka nuna, an ba da kyautar Volkonsky a St Vladimir na digiri na uku.

Bayan da aka fitar da abokan gaba daga kasar Rasha, dan sarki, tare da gawar Baron Wincingerode, ya ci gaba da yaki a kasashen waje, ya shiga cikin yakin basasa. Yawancin sarauta ba'a ba da kyauta ba ne kawai ta hanyar sarkin Rasha, amma har ma da marubucin Prussian. A cewar wasu rahotanni, a karshen yakin basasa Yarima Volkonsky ya gudanar da ayyukan diplomasiyya da bincike na sarki, ciki har da Paris a lokacin shahararrun kwanaki 100.

Don ƙarfin zuciya da aka nuna a cikin batutuwa na Dennewitz da Gross-Beeren, an ba da babbar mahimmanci. A shekara ta 1816, an nada shi kwamandan 'yan bindigar na Jam'iyyar Uhlan na biyu, kuma bayan shekaru biyar ya sake komawa a cikin rukunin' yan jarida na 19.

Canja ra'ayoyi

A shekara ta 1819, S.G. Volkonsky (Decembrist) ya rubuta rahoto tare da bukatar da ya ba shi izini na tsawon lokaci, tun da yake ya dauka kan cin zarafi a kan sarkin ya canza shi zuwa matsayin "kasancewa" karkashin jagorancin kwamandan.

A kan hanyarsa zuwa Turai, ya tsaya a Kiev, inda ya sadu da tsohon abokinsa, Major-Janar M. Orlov, wanda, a matsayin shugaban ma'aikata ta hudu, ya kasance a cikin asiri. Ya gayyaci yarima a taron, inda Volkonsky ya fara gane cewa ban da sabis na soja, akwai wani damar da za a yi amfani da shi don amfanin Fatherland.

Kamar yadda Sergei Grigorevich ya rubuta a baya, tun daga wannan lokaci ya daina zama mai aminci, amma ya zama dan ƙasa na kasarsa.

Ba za a iya yin tambaya a lokacin hutu ba. Ba da daɗewa ba Volkonsky ya fahimci Pavel Pestel kuma ya kasance da tabbaci a cikin yanke shawarar zama memba na ƙungiyar asiri.

Aure

A shekara ta 1821, an nada Volkonsky (Decembrist) kwamandan 'yan bindigar na 19 na rundunar soja na soja na 19, wanda ke zaune a cikin garin Uman mai nisa. Yarima ya yi murabus ya karbi wani sabon matsayi, yana nufin saɓin aiki, ya tafi wurin tashar.

A cikin Ukraine, ya sadu da iyalin Janar Raevsky kuma a 1824 ya ba da shawara ga hannun da zuciyar 'yarsa Maria, wanda' yar uwarsa Mikhail Orlov ta yi aure.

Mahaifin yarinyar bayan dogon lokaci ya ba da izini ga wannan aure, kuma a Janairu 1825 a Kiev bikin aure na Volkonsky da zaɓaɓɓensa ya faru. A wannan yanayin, mahaifin uban gidan yari ne mai suna N. Repnin, kuma mutum mafi kyau shine Pavel Pestel.

Decembrist Volkonsky da matarsa sun ciyar tare kawai watanni 3, tun da daɗewa bayan bikin aure wani matashi ya yi rashin lafiya kuma ya tafi tare da iyalinta don a bi shi a Odessa. Saboda harkokin aikin, mijin ba zai iya bi ta ba, kuma ba su saduwa har sai da aka ɗaure shi a gidan Bitrus da Bulus.

Kasancewa a cikin watanni na Disamba

Bayan tashi daga matarsa, Volkonsky ya ba da kansa ga shiri na farkawa. Kodayake duk matakan da makamai suka dauka, bayani game da kasancewar wata ƙungiya ta asiri ta zama mallakar mallakar gwamnati. Bisa ga abubuwan tunawa da sarki, Alexandra na farko da kansa a lokacin dubawa na sashin da aka ba shi ya gargadi shi game da ayyukan da ba a yi la'akari ba.

A watan Nuwamba 1825 Volkonsky, kafin wasu jami'an, suka gano rashin lafiyar sarki, tun da dan uwansa ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka hada da sarki lokacin da yake tafiya zuwa Taganrog.

Ya ba da labari ga shugabansa a asirce na Kudancin Gudanarwa - Pestel, wanda ya fara tattaunawa tare da manufar yarda a kan wata sanarwa tare da '' yan Arewa. ' Bugu da ƙari, tare da Volkonsky, ya yi shirin "1 Genvarya", bisa ga yadda tsarin Vyatka ya kama mayakan sojojin kuma ya je Petersburg. Sashen Jarida na 19 na Volkonsky ya kasance tare da shi.

Wannan shirin ya kasa saboda kama Pestel. Yarima ya ki yarda ya kawo makami a cikin rukuninsa kuma ya yada jagoran 'yan tawaye da karfi.

An gudanar da binciken a game da masu cin zarafi, kuma a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1826 an kama Sergei Volkonsky. Kafin hakan, sai ya dauki matarsa ta haifi ɗa na farko a ƙauyen. An haifi Babe a ranar 2 ga watan Janairu, kuma Maryamu ta kamu da rashin lafiya, bayan da ya wuce watanni biyu na gaba a gado.

Bayan kama

Sergey Volkonsky (Decembrist), wanda biography ya daina sha'awar bincike kan tarihi na Rasha na cikin karni na 19th, bayan da aka dauka a cikin gadi da kuma gazawar da tawaye a majalisar dattijai Square aka aika zuwa St. Petersburg.

Lokacin da matarsa Maria ta sake dawowa bayan haihuwar ta, ta bi su kuma ta yi alƙawari. Duk da haka, matsalolinta ba su haifar da kome ba, kuma an yanke wa yariman hukuncin shekaru 20 na aiki mai wuyar gaske da gudun hijira a rayuwa, kuma ya hana duk kyaututtuka, lakabi da lakabi.

Maria Volkonskaya ta yi kira ga tsar don izinin bin mijinta. A cikin wasikar amsawa Nikolay II ta dakatar da yarinyar, amma bai hana ta yin yadda ta so. Mahaifiyar yarima ya kuma "tsage" don ya je wurin ɗanta a kalmomi, amma ba ta ziyarce shi ba a sansanin.

A cikin hidima

Kwana goma bayan sanarwar hukunci, Decembrists Trubetskoi da Volkonsky da sauran masu halartar taron sun riga aka tura su zuwa wurin da zasu yanke hukunci. Yarima na farko ya juya a ginin Nikolaevsky gishiri, sa'an nan kuma ya isa ga mine Blagodatsky. A nan aka ajiye shi a cikin yanayi mai wuya. Bugu da ƙari, duk waɗanda aka yarda da su sun zaɓa, ciki har da Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Volkonsky ya fada cikin zurfin zuciya. Ta'aziyar sarki kawai ita ce begen marigayin Maria.

Sadu da matarsa

A lokacin tashin hankali, mutane 24 suka yi aure daga dukan Decembrists. Ekaterina Trubetskaya shi ne na farko da ya ziyarci mijinta. Harshenta ya warkar da sauran "Decembrists." Dukkansu, 'yan mata 11 sun je Siberiya don mazajen aurensu da kuma matansu. Maria Volkonskaia shi ne na biyu, wanda ya iya shawo kan duk wani cikas, da kuma zama matar wani abin dogara da goyon baya a lokacin da yake ziyara a kurkuku da kuma a kai su bauta.

Tare da Catherine Trubetskoy, sun zauna a wani karamin gida kusa da kurkuku kuma suka fara fara aikin gona a matsayin masu karatu.

Daga Blagodatsky Volkonsky mine aka aika zuwa kurkuku Chita, sa'an nan kuma zuwa ga Petrovsky shuka.

A shekara ta 1837, an maye gurbin katorga a cikin kauyen Urik, kuma daga 1845 'yan Volkonskys sun zauna a Irkutsk. A cikin gudun hijira, suna da 'ya'ya biyu: ɗa da' yar.

Komawa

A shekara ta 1856, an ba da izinin Volkonsky don komawa Rasha ta Rasha, ba tare da izinin zama a Moscow ko St. Petersburg ba, kuma ya sake dawo da shugabancin.

Iyalan da aka zaunar da su a yankunan karkara, amma a gaskiya, Sergei Grigorievich da Maria Nikolaevna sun zauna a babban birnin, tare da dangi.

Ƙarshen rayuwa da tsoho Volkonsky ya ciyar a Ukraine, a ƙauyen Voronki, inda ya rubuta wasikun. Matar matarsa ta kaddamar da lafiyarta, kuma ya mutu bayan shekaru biyu bayan ta, yana da shekaru 76. An binne su a cikin gidan coci na Volkonskie, wanda ɗayansu ya gina. An rushe haikalin a cikin shekarun 1930, kuma kaburburan matan sun rasa.

Yanzu ku san abin da ya faru da Decembrist Volkonsky da kuma abin da ya cancanta a Rasha.