Primordially Rasha da kuma aro kalmomi: misalai. kalmomi na waje asalin

Daya daga cikin sassan ne etymology na ƙamus, nazarin asalin kalmomi a kan bango na canje-canje a cikin dukan ƙamus na harshe. Primordially Rasha da kuma aro kalmomi suna dauke kawai daga mahangar etymology. Waɗannan su ne biyu yadudduka, wanda zai iya raba dukan ƙamus na Rasha harshen, cikin sharuddan asalin. Wannan lexicon sashe ba da amsa ga tambayar da yadda maganar shi ne, abin da ake nufi, inda kuma lokacin da aka aro, da kuma canje-canje halartar.

Rasha ƙamus

Dukan maganar da zama a cikin harshen, koma zuwa ƙamus. Tare da su taimako, muna kira da daban-daban abubuwa, events, ayyuka, da ãyõyinMu, lambobi, da sauransu. D.

Ƙamus da aka bayyana ta shigar da Slavic harsuna tsarin, sakamakon a gaban asalinsu daya da kuma ci gaba. Rasha ƙamus da aka kafe a baya na Slavic kabilu, da kuma a kan ƙarni ya ci gaba da mutane. Wannan ake kira 'yan qasar kalmomi da zama na dogon lokaci.

Har ila yau, akwai wata na biyu Layer na ƙamus: kalmomi da ta zo mana daga wasu harsuna saboda abin da ya faru na tarihi a tsakaninsu.

Saboda haka, idan muka yi la'akari da ƙamus daga batu na asali, shi ne mai yiwuwa a ware da 'yan qasar Rasha kalmomi, da kuma aro. Misalan kalmomi cewa duka kungiyoyin aka gabatar a cikin harshen a cikin manyan yawa.

Origin of Rasha kalmomi

Rasha ƙamus kunshi fiye da 150,000 kalmomi. Bari mu ga abin da kalmomi da ake kira 'yan qasar Rasha.

Primordially Rasha lexicon yana da dama, saukarwa:

1. A cikin farko, mafi tsufa, ya hada da kalmomi denoting irin Concepts, wanda suke ga dukkan harsuna (da mahaifinsa, da mahaifiyarsa, nama, kerkẽci da sauransu).
2. Sun yi sama da biyu bene na Proto-Slavic kalmomi da suke ga kowa da kowa Slavic kabilu (Pine, alkama, gidan, kaza, kvass, cuku, da dai sauransu ...).
3. The uku bene na da tsari da kalmomin da ya bayyana a cikin jawabin na Eastern Slavs tun daga VI-VII (duhu, stepdaughter, hurumi, gina jiki, a yau);
4. A karo na hudu kungiyar - shi ne ainihin Rasha sunayen bayyana a karshen XVI-XVII ƙarni (jam, Blizzard, daji, ka tumɓuke, leisurely, wata rana, wani mason, pilot, yaudara, m, da dai sauransu ...).

A tsari na wajen samo

A harshen mu rayu tare da 'yan qasar Rasha da kuma aro kalmomi. Wannan shi ne saboda da tarihi ci gaban kasar.

Kamar yadda mutane da haihuwa Russia shiga al'adu, tattalin arziki, siyasa, soji, cinikayya da sauran kasashe da jihohi. An quite ta halitta ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin harshen su ne kalmomi na mutane, wanda muka yi aiki tare. In ba haka ba, shi ya gagara fahimtar juna.

Tare da wadannan harsuna ara Russified kan lokaci, a hada a cikin kungiyar na kowa kalmomi, da mun daina tunanin su a matsayin kasashen waje. Kowane mutum ne saba da irin wannan kalmomin kamar "sugar", "wanka", "himmar aiki", "m", "makaranta", kuma da yawa wasu.

Native Rasha kalmomi aro, kuma exemplified sama, na dogon lokaci da kuma zama wani ɓangare na mu rayuwar yau da kullum, da kuma taimakawa gina mu magana.

Harkokin waje kalmomi a Rasha harshen

Da samun a cikin harshen mu, kasashen waje kalmomi da za a canza. Sun canja rinjayar daban-daban bangarorin: da imin sautin harshe, ilimin halittar jiki, ilimin harsuna. Aro ne batun da mu da dokokin. A cikin wadannan kalmomi akwai wani canji a cikin tashoshi, a suffixes, canza jinsi. Alal misali, kalmar nan "majalisa" da namiji, kuma a Jamus, inda ta zo - da talakawan.

Yana iya canza ma'anar shi duka. Alal misali, kalmar nan "fenta" mun nuna ma'aikacin da kuma Jamus - mai "fenta."

Canza ilimin harsuna. Alal misali, rance kalmomi, "gwangwani", "ra'ayin mazan jiya" da "Conservatives" sun jẽ mana daga harsuna daban daban da kuma basu da abin yi. Amma a cikin 'yan qasar harshen, Faransanci, Latin, da Italiyanci, bi da bi, su zo daga Latin kuma dole ya "cece".

Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci a san daga wanda harshen aro kalmomi. Yana zai taimaka domin sanin su lexical ma'anar.

Bugu da kari, shi ne wani lokacin wuya a san da 'yan qasar Rasha da kuma aro kalmomi a cikin ƙamus na taro, wanda muka yi amfani da a kullum. A saboda wannan dalili, akwai kamus, wanda tãtacce da ma'anar da kuma asalin kowane kalma.

Nau'in aro kalmomi

Biyu kungiyoyin na aro kalmomi tsaya ga wani irin:

• zo daga Slavic harshe.
• dauka daga cikin wadanda ba Slavic harsuna.

A na farko da kungiyar sun dauki wani babban taro staroslavyanizmy - kalmomi, rinjaye daga cikin IX karni a cikin coci littattafai. Kuma yanzu tartsatsi kalmomi kamar "giciye", "duniya", "ikon", "nagarta", da dai sauransu da yawa staroslavyanizmy da Rasha analogues ( "kumatunta." - "kumatunta", "bakinka" - "lebe" da sauransu. ) sun kasu karin lafazi ( "ƙofofin" - "kofa"), morphological ( "alheri", "Majiɓincinmu,"), na ginin jumla ( "zinariya" - "zinariya") staroslavyanizmy.

Na biyu kungiyar kunshi wajen samo daga wasu harsuna, ciki har da:

• Latin (a fannonin kimiyya, da zamantakewa da rayuwa, siyasa - "makaranta", "Jamhuriyar", "Corporation");
• Greek (iyali - "gado", "tasa", da sharuddan - "dangantawa", "ƙamus");
• Yammacin Turai (soja - "HQ", "yar jam'iyyar kadet" art - "easel", "wuri mai faɗi", nautical sharuddan - "jirgin ruwan", "masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa" "schooner" m sharuddan - "Aria", "libretto");
• Turk (a cikin "Pearl", "Caravan" al'adu da kuma cinikayya "baƙin ƙarfe");
• Scandinavian (iyali - "anga", "bulala") kalmomi.

Dictionary of kasashen waje kalmomi

Lexicology - kimiyya ne sosai madaidaici. Ga duk abin da aka fili tsari. Dukkan Kalmomi kasu kashi kungiyoyin, dangane da nuni, shi Forms da akai.

Primordially Rasha da kuma aro kalmomi kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin kan etymology, watau asalin.

Akwai daban-daban kamus cewa hadu da takamaiman hari. Saboda haka, za ka iya kiran kamus na kasashen waje kalmomi, wanda ya ƙunshi waje-harshen misalai da suka zo mana na ƙarni da dama. Mutane da yawa na wadannan kalmomi yanzu riskarsa kamar Rasha. The kamus bayyana ma'ana da kuma nuna inda kalmar zo mana.

Dictionary of kasashen waje kalmomi a kasar mu da dukan labarin. A farko da aka kafa a cikin farkon karni na sha takwas, shi ne handwritten. A daidai wannan lokaci ya zo da uku-girma ƙamus, wallafa N. Janowski. A cikin karni na ashirin, akwai wani dukan jerin kasashen waje kamus.

Daga cikin mafi kyau da aka sani iya kira "School Dictionary of kasashen waje kalmomi", edited by VV Ivanova. The kamus shigarwa kira bayanai game da asalin na kalmomi, ba fassarar ma'anarsa, da ake amfani misalai, barga magana da shi.