National gwarzo na Caucasian al'ummai Imam Shamil (biography)

Daya daga cikin shahararrun kasa heroes na Caucasian mutane ne Imam Shamil. Biography of mutumin take kaiwa zuwa Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa rayuwarsa yana cike da kaifi jũya, kuma ban sha'awa events. Domin shekaru masu yawa ya shugabanci tawaye da dutsen mutanen Rasha Empire kuma yanzu ya zama alama ce da 'yanci da kuma tawaye a Caucasus. Biography of Imam Shamil za a takaicce kayyade a cikin wannan mujalla.

Asalin da gwarzo

Ba tare da wani iyali tarihi ba zai zama cikakken samuwa ga fahimtar biography na Imam Shamil. Takaitacciyar tarihin wannan irin hali za mu yi kokarin takaita a kasa.

Shamil zo daga wajen tsoho da Mabayyani na Avar da Kumyk daraja iyali. Great-kakan da gwarzo-Kumyk Amir Khan dadin mai girma da girmamawa daga 'yan'uwanmu kabilu. Shamil Ali kakan kuma mahaifin Dengav-Magomed sun Uzdenov, wanda shi ne kwatanci ne ga manya a Rasha, shi ya mallakar babba aji. Bugu da kari, Dengav-Magomed wani maƙeri, da kuma sana'a ne dauke sosai m tuddai.

Uwar Shamil kira Bach-Meseda. Ta kasance 'yar mai daraja Avar Bey matsayar jirgin ruwa Budach. Wannan shi ne duka na uba da uwa, da ya yi daraja da kakanninsu. An ruwaito ta biography na wani shahararren mutum, kamar yadda Imam Shamil (biography). National heroes ba tukuna cikakken gane. Dogara kawai sani cewa shi wakilin Dagestan tuddai. An tabbatar da cewa flowed Avar jini a cikin jijiyoyinmu. Amma ba za mu iya ce tare da wasu mataki na yiwuwa, cewa ya kasance da mahaifin Kumyk.

Haihuwa na Shamil

Biography of Imam Shamil, ba shakka, zai fara ne da ranar da aka haife. Wannan taron ya faru a cikin watan Yuni 1797 a cikin ƙasa na kauyuka Gimry hatsari. Wannan kauye ne yanzu located a yankunan dake yammacin na Jamhuriyar Dagestan.

Da farko yaron da aka mai suna bayan da na uba kakan - Ali. Amma ya zarar fadi da rashin lafiya, da kuma jariri, bisa ga kwastan domin kare daga mugayen ruhohi, sunan ya canja zuwa Shamil. Yana da wani bambance-bambancen da Littafi Mai Tsarki suna Sama'ila, da kuma aka fassara a matsayin "Allah ya ji." A wannan sunan ya kawunsa.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma ilimi

Kamar yadda wani yaro, Shamil ya quite na fata da kuma sickly yaro. Amma a karshen ta yi girma a wani mamaki lafiya da kuma karfi da matasa maza.

Taba tun suna yara fara fito fili fushi nan gaba shugaban na tawaye. Ya kasance wani bincike, m yaro tare da wani girman kai, unyielding da overbearing hali. Daya daga cikin siffofin Shamil ya unprecedented ƙarfin hali. Horar da a da makamai, sai ya fara da farkon yara.

Ni sosai damu da addini hali na Imam Shamil. A biography wannan mutum ne inextricably nasaba da addini. Shamil ta farko malamin ya abokinsa Adil Muhammad. A shekara goma sha biyu, ya zama horar a Untsukul jagorancin Jamaluddin Kazikumukh. Ya ƙware da nahawu, rhetoric, dabaru, dokar, harshen larabci, falsafar da cewa tudun kabilu na farko da rabi na XIX karni aka dauke da sosai fiye da mataki na ilimi.

Caucasian yaki

Very a hankali alaka da Caucasian yaki da rayuwar mu gwarzo, kuma shi aka ambata a cikin tarihinsa daga Shamil. A takaice bayyana wannan soja rikici tsakanin dutsen mutane da kuma Rasha daular daraja a cikin wannan mujalla.

Soja rikici tsakanin tuddai na Caucasus da kuma Rasha Empire fara a lokacin Catherine II, a lokacin da akwai wani Rasha-Turkish yaki (1787-1791 gg.). Sai Highlanders, karkashin jagorancin Sheikh Mansour ya nemi a dakatar da gabatarwa da kuma karfafa Rasha a cikin Caucasus, shan amfani da taimakon da ya co-religionists na Ottoman Empire. Amma da Turks sun rasa a cikin wannan yaki, da kuma Sheikh Mansur aka kama. Bayan da cewa Tsarist Rasha ta ci gaba da kara da kasancewar a cikin Caucasus, musguna wa yankin.

A gaskiya, da juriya da dutsen kabilu da kuma ba su daina bayan da Rasha da zaman lafiya tare da Turks, amma musamman sojojin na 'yan adawa ya kai bayan da nada General Alekseya Ermolova kwamandan a cikin Caucasus da kuma kammala Rasha-Persian yaki na 1804-1813. Yermolov kokarin sau ɗaya kuma domin duk magance matsalar juriya da mazauna yankunan da karfi, wanda ya jagoranci a 1817 zuwa cikakken sikelin yaki, wanda dade kusan shekaru 50.

Duk da wajen m yãƙi, sojojin Rasha sarrafa quite nasarar, ajiye iko da dukkan manyan yankunan da Caucasus da kuma subordinating sabon kabilu. Amma a 1827, da sarki ya tuno da Janar Yermolov, tuhumar da alaka da Decembrists, kuma a wurin da aka aika zuwa ga Janar Ivan Paskevich.

Ana zargin Imamancin

A halin yanzu, a cikin gwagwarmayar da farko na da Rasha Empire suka fara da bunqasar na Caucasian al'ummai. A yankin rufe daya daga cikin igiyoyin Sunni Islam - Muridism, da tsakiyar ra'ayin wanda ya jihadi (mai tsarki yaki) da kãfirai.

Daya daga cikin manyan masu wa'azi na sabon koyaswa mai ilimin tauhidi da Ghazi Muhammad wanda aka daga wannan kauye kamar yadda Shamil. A karshen 1828 a wani taro na shugabannin kabilu na Eastern Caucasus Ghazi Muhammad da aka zayyana imam. Saboda haka, ya zama a zahiri shine shugaban da sabuwar kafa jihar - Caucasian Imamancin - da kuma shugaban na tawaye da Rasha Empire. Nan da nan bayan da tallafi na da lakabi na Imam Ghazi Muhammad ayyana wani mai tsarki yaki da Rasha.

Yanzu da Caucasian kabilan aka kenan cikin guda karfi, da kuma ayyukansu sun samu musamman hadari ga sojojin Rasha, musamman ma tun da soja jagorancin kyauta Paskevich har yanzu baya da basira Yermolov. Basasa ya barke tare da sabunta kuzari. Tun daga farko, wani aiki sashi a cikin rikici da kuma dauki Shamil, zama daya daga cikin shugabannin da mataimakansa Ghazi Muhammad. Suka yi yaƙi kafada to kafada a yaƙi domin Gimry a 1832 domin su 'yan qasar kauyen. A 'yan tawayen da aka kewaye da sarauta sojojin a kagara, wanda ya fadi a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba. A lokacin harin da aka kashe Imam Ghazi Muhammad da kuma Shamil duk da yin suka ji rauni, gudanar ya karya daga cikin encirclement, bayan chopping 'yan Rasha sojoji.

New Imam ya zama Gamzat roƙa. Wannan zabi aka shibtarsu da cewa Shamil a lokacin, aka munanan raunuka. Amma Gamzat Bey imam zauna kasa da shekaru biyu da aka kashe a wani kazamin gwagwarmaya tare da daya daga cikin Avar kabilu.

A zaben na imam

Saboda haka, babban dan takarar da rawar da shugaban na Arewa-Caucasian jihar zama Shamil. Ya aka zabe ta a majalisar dattijai a marigayi 1834. Kuma kafin karshen rayuwarsa ya aka sani ba kawai a matsayin Imam Shamil. Biography (short a cikin gabatarwa, amma arziki sosai a gaskiya) ta sarautarsa za a bayar da mu a kasa.

Wannan zaben alama farkon na imam wani muhimmin mataki a cikin rãyuwar Shamil.

Yaki da Rasha Empire

Duk da dakarun sanya a cikinta, domin su yi yaƙi da sojojin Rasha sun yi nasara, Imam Shamil. Tarihinsa karanta gaba daya da cewa Sia burin zama kusan babban abu a cikin rayuwarsa.

A wannan gwagwarmaya, Shamil nuna babba soja da kuma kungiya basira, ya ya iya qarfafa a sojoji amincewa a nasara, kada ka yi gaggãwa yanke shawara. A karshen ingancin bambanta shi daga baya Imamai. Wadannan halaye yarda Shamil sun yi nasara wajen tsayayya da wani numerically fi girma fiye da ta Rasha sojojin.

Imamat iko lokacin da Shamil

Bugu da kari, ta amfani da Musulunci a matsayin wani yanki na farfaganda, Imam Shamil ya iya hada kan kabilu na Chechnya da kuma Dagestan. Idan magabata ƙungiyar na kabilu na Caucasian mutanen da aka quite sako-sako da, sa'an nan tare da zuwan Shamil ya tsiwirwirinsu duk siffofin na statehood.

A matsayin dokar ya gabatar Musulunci shari'ar musulunci a wuri na tsoho canons Highlanders (adat).

Caucasian Imamancin ya kasu kashi gundumomi, karkashin jagorancin Imam Shamil sa naibs. Fage shi ne cike da misalai na irin wannan yunkurin iyakar Karkasa management. Bangaren shari'a a kowane County a lura da Mufti, wanda nada Qadi hukunci.

talala

Shekara ashirin da biyar na gwada nasara mulki a Arewa Caucasus Imam Shamil. Biography, a takaice dai sharhin, an ɗauko daga wanda za a sanya a kasa, ya nuna cewa 1859 ya juyo a cikin rayuwarsa.

Bayan karshen Crimean War kuma cikar cikin Paris Aminci ya tsananta ayyuka a cikin Caucasus, Rasha, sojoji. Da Shamil Sarkin sarakuna jẽfa wani gogaggen kwamandojin - generals Muraviev da Bariatinskii, wanda a watan Afrilu 1859 nasara a kamawa da babban birnin kasar da Imamancin. A cikin watan Yuni 1859 da na karshe da 'yan tawayen da aka suppressed ko fitar daga Chechnya.

National Liberation Movement barke tsakanin da Adygei da kuma mayar da su Dagestan, inda ya kasance Shamil. Amma a watan Agusta, jam'iyyar kewaye sojojin Rasha. Kamar yadda sojojin suka zalunci, Shamil aka tilasta su mika wuya, albeit a sosai m sharuddan.

a zaman talala

Abin da zai iya gaya mana game da lokaci a cikin abin da wani fursuna ya Imam Shamil, biography? Taqaitaccen Tarihin wannan mutum ba ya zana mana Wei hotuna ransa, amma shi zai ba da damar yin akalla wani m m profile na mutum.

A cikin watan Satumba 1859 da imam farko hadu da Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Alexander II. Haka ya faru a Chuguev. Ba da da ewa Shamil aka dauka zuwa Moscow, inda ya gana da sanannen Janar Yermolov. A watan Satumba, da Imam aka kawo babban birnin na Rasha Empire, wanda aka gabatar da Empress. Kamar yadda zamu iya gani, da shugaban na tawaye a kotu bi sosai m.

Ba da da ewa Shamil da iyalinsa da aka sanya a dindindin wurin zama - da birnin Kaluga. A 1861, akwai wani biyu taron tare da sarki. A wannan lokaci, Shamil roƙe ka bar shi ya tafi domin aikin hajji a Makka, amma aka ki.

Bayan shekaru biyar, Shamil da iyalinsa, sun riƙi bai'a ga Rasha Empire, haka shan Rasha dan kasa. Bayan shekaru uku, bisa ga Sarkin sarakuna da hukuncin, Shamil samu wani Jaruman Nasara daga dama zuwa wuce da shi da gādo. A shekara kafin wannan Imam aka yarda su canza wurin zama da kuma tafi zuwa mafi m yanayin damina Kiev.

Ba shi yiwuwa a bayyana a cikin wannan gajeren review duk abin da tsira a bauta Imam Shamil. Biography a takaice dai ya ce wannan fursuna ya, duk da haka, quite dadi da kuma girmama shi, a kalla daga ra'ayi na Rasha.

mutuwa

A karshe, a wannan 1869, Shamil ya iya har yanzu neman izni na sarki a kan aikin hajji a Makka. Zagaye tafiya ya dauki fiye da shekara.

Bayan Shamil da tsare-tsaren aiwatuwa a rayuwa, kuma ta faru a 1871, ya yanke shawarar zuwa a karo na biyu tsattsarkan birni don Musulmi - Madina. Akwai ya mutu a kan saba'in da shekara ta huɗu ta rayuwa. Imam binne shi a ƙasar haihuwarsa na Caucasus, kuma a Madina.

Imam Shamil: biography, iyali

The iyali sun shagaltar a cikin rayuwar wannan mutumin muhimmanci wuri, duk da haka, kamar yadda a duk Caucasian tuddai. Bari mu koyi game da dangi da abokai daga cikin manyan jirgin saman soja ga 'yancin kai daga mutanensa.

Kamar yadda hadisai, Shamil da dama zuwa da uku da shari'a matansu. Ya dauki amfani da wannan dama.

Babban dan Shamil mai suna Jamaluddin (haifa a 1829). A 1839 da ya aka bai matsayin garkuwa da su. Ya yi karatu a St. Petersburg kan daidai da yara na tribal nobility. Daga baya Shamil ya iya musanya dan wani fursuna, amma Jamaluddin ya mutu a shekaru 29 na da tarin fuka.

Daya daga cikin na hannun daman saman mahaifinsa shi ne na biyu dan - Gazi-Muhammad. A zamanin mulkin Shamil naib ya zama daya daga cikin gundumomi. Ya mutu a cikin 1902 a cikin Ottoman Empire.

The uku dan - Said - mafi mutu tun suna jarirai.

Matasa da 'ya'ya maza - Muammad-Shefi da Muhammad Kamil - ya mutu a shekarar 1906 da kuma a 1951 bi da bi.

Halaye na Imam Shamil

Mun gano tafiya na rayuwa, wanda ya Imam Shamil (biography, photos aka gabatar a cikin labarin). Ta yaya za ku yi da bayyanar da wannan mutumin ya ba da mafi wannan Santa, a 'yan qasar na Caucasus. Ya tabbata cewa, wannan shi ne wani m da kuma hukunci hali, a shirye domin hakan nufi bet more. Game da Shamil arfin hali fiye da sau daya ya nuna Sahaban.

Domin da Mountain Peoples na Caucasus, Shamil zai zama ko da yaushe wata alama ce da yin gwagwarmaya domin samun 'yancin kai. A lokaci guda wasu daga cikin dabarun daga cikin shahararrun Imam ba ko da yaushe dace da zamani Ganin cewa a game da dokokin yaki da kuma bil'adama.