Immanuel Velikovsky: biography da kuma hoto

Immanuel Velikovsky - da aka sani psychoanalyst, wanda aka haifa a cikin Rasha Empire. Su na asali nazarin ya ciyar da suke zaune a Amurka. A tarihin kimiyya, shi ya kasance a matsayin connoisseur na binciken kasa da kuma ilmin taurari, marubucin da dama asali theories. Alal misali, a "revisionist tarihi". Bisa shi, Velikovsky samarwa ma sake duba tsohon tarihin, musamman game da yankin gabas ta tsakiya.

biography Velikovsky

Immanuel Velikovsky aka haife shi a Rasha Empire a 1895. An haife shi a birnin Vitebsk, wanda yanzu bangare na Belarus. Uwãyensa sun kasance Yahudawa. Mahaifina ya na da m. A wannan yanayin, da iyali ne tsananin bin addini hadisai. Uba Emmanuel kuma aka yi wani aiki shuni. A takaice, ya kasance mai aiki a cikin Zionist motsi.

Immanuel Velikovsky wani ingancin gargajiya ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, asali gida zuwa makaranta, ya ba su tafi ba, amma iyaye na biya mai girma da hankali ga ilimi ci gaba da ɗansa. Kamar yadda wani yaro, Immanuel ya nazarin Littafi Mai Tsarki da kuma Yahudawa gargajiya texts, san Faransa da kuma Jamus.

Da yaron ya girma, ya aka aika zuwa Moscow na mallaka Gymnasium. A gini tsira zuwa yau. Yanzu shi ne a dakin motsa jiki Griboyedov.

A zabi na makõma

Zabi abin da kimiyya ya zai yi da rayuwata, Immanuel ya ba da sauki. н получал образование в шотландском Эдинбурге. Game n aka ilimi a Edinburgh, Scotland. Kuma da farkon yakin duniya na sa suna a cikin Faculty of Medicine. A likita sana'a ya kasance musamman dacewa a cikin wadanda shekaru. Amma wannan binciken ne kawai kimiyya ya zai ba za a ƙuntata. A a layi daya, Immanuel Velikovsky ziyarci cikin sassan na zamanin d tarihi da fikihu.

ƙaura

A Rasha, Velikovsky ta iyali rayu kafin juyin juya halin. Bayan haka, su aka tilasta gudu zuwa kudancin kasar. Amma a nan ba su kasance sunã farin ciki, Velikovsky kusan fararen harbi.

Ya koma Moscow kawai a 1921. A gwarzo wannan labarin gudanar ya warke a jami'a inda ya aka bayar a digiri a magani. Likitoci sun zama dole ga matasa Soviet jihar.

Duk da haka, don samun kansu a cikin wani sauya yanayi a zahiri Velikovsky iya ba. A sakamakon haka, a 1922, da suka yi hijira daga kasar. Iyaye Immanuel tafi Palestine, inda mahaifinsa ya ci gaba da gabatar da ra'ayin ya dawo zuwa Isra'ila kakanninmu yankuna, da kuma Immanuel je Jamus. Ya zauna a Berlin.

A Jamus babban birnin kasar, ya soma nazarin kimiyyar yanayin halitta. Da farko yana sha'awar ilmin halitta. A Vienna da kuma Zurich, sai ya fara koyon harsãshin psychoanalysis, kuma ya zama interested in da peculiarities na mutum kwakwalwa.

Saba da Einstein

Velikovsky zauna a Berlin. Inda a lokaci daya ya wallafa wani shahararriyar mujallar kimiyyar, sunansa zahiri fassara daga Latin da za a fassara a matsayin "Writing University".

A cikin wannan mujallar na rubuta articles Albert Eynshteny yayin da shi ya kasance kusa Velikovsky. Edited by sanannen likita kimiyyar lissafi da kuma ilmin lissafi da cewa wanda ya fito a cikin tsarin na littafin "Writing University".

A wannan edition akwai mutane da yawa mashawarta masana kimiyya suka daga baya kafa Hebrew University a Urushalima. Bayan Jamus Immanuel Velikovsky zauna a Palestine tare da iyayensa, inda ya kuma shirya wani kimiyya ilimi mujallar.

Ya zama mai hukunci tafi a cikin rayuwarsa a Amurka a 1939. An in America, Velikovsky fara kirkiro da kuma ci gaba da neman sauyi kimiyya ideas.

Velikovsky da ra'ayoyin

A 50-70-ies na Velikovsky ya bayar da wani yawan wallafe, wanda ya kasance rayayye baya nan jayayya da masana kimiyya kamar Charles Darwin, wanda tsara ka'idar zabin yanayi da kuma asalin mutum, da kuma Charlz Layel, wanda yana dauke da kafa na zamani a duniya a fannin binciken kasa.

Velikovsky tsara da ka'idar cewa cosmic fama da kai tsaye da kuma wani lokacin a key tasiri a ma'aunan kasa matakai, kazalika da kullum a kan hanya na tarihin duniya.

A gwarzo wannan labarin ne rayayye m zuwa daban-daban sciences, ciki har da tarihi, geophysics, mythology, ilmin taurari, ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, harsuna, da kuma ko almara. A sakamakon Velikovsky ƙarasa da cewa aiki mayar terrestrial taimako dade har kwanan nan. A farko masanin kimiyyar ya tuna da samuwar glaciers, tekuna, duwãtsu, volcanic aiki. Shaidun waɗannan Abubuwan Taɗi sun mutane da suka rayu ta hanyar da dama dazamani - da tagulla da ƙarfe zamanai, har ma da Neolithic.

Tasiri a kan tsohon tarihin

Kuma Velikovsky da'awar cewa cosmic fama rinjayi ba kawai ma'aunan kasa, amma kuma a kan tarihi tafiyar matakai. Musamman a kan abin da ke faruwa a gabas ta tsakiya. A takaice, ya lura da cewa, wannan matakai suna rinjayi da kuma Littafi Mai Tsarki events.

A cewar shi, cataclysms a cikin hasken rana tsarin sun yi a kan su da tasiri kai tsaye. Da farko, da motsi na taurari daga falakinsu, bambancin halaye na juyawar duniya kanta ba, da kuma canza yanayin zones.

Immanuel Velikovsky, wanda biography An kishin wadannan karatu, jãyayya da cewa hadisin na manta da gaskiya events cewa ba su tuna da gaba tsara shi ne saboda abin da ake kira duniya ɓacin hankali bil'adama. A wannan yanayin, da masana kimiyya amfani da sharuddan psychoanalysts. Kamar yadda masana kimiyya ce, traumatic tunanin dukan mutane tilasta fita zuwa tunaninsu da lamirinsu hankali, inda ya cire su ba zai yiwu ba.

Chronology na zamanin d halittu

Ya tsara su ra'ayoyi a littattafai da dama na Immanuel Velikovsky. "Halittu a karo" ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan da masanin kimiyya. A da shi ya bayar da hujjar cewa Chronology na zamanin d wayewar, wanda aka yi amfani da ko'ina, shi ne daidai ba. Rashin daidaito tafi bayan lahani farkon Egyptologists, asali ba daidai ba m da kwanan watan da key abubuwan tarihin. Don haka wajibi ne a sake duba tarihin, musamman a cikin hasken da latest binciken a fannoni daban daban na kimiyya.

Velikovskiy Immanuil, wani littafi, wanda a lokacin shi ne na amfani mai girma, ya gano kwanuka biyu, kowane zaunanniya game da shekaru 600 a wadda abubuwan tarihin da Figures bayyana a karkashin sunaye daban-daban.

Saboda haka, a cikin littafinsa, Immanuel Velikovsky ( "Karo na halittu", pdf-version of wanda kuma za a iya samu) ya bayyana dalilin akwai wani wasa na cikin lokaci tsakanin kafofin kwatanta, a hannu daya, Misira da kuma, a kan sauran - Tsohon Alkawari labarin. Velikovsky sa a gaba da jarrabawa na madadin maimaitawa tarihi. Ta yarda da shi zuwa ga dangantaka da wasu abubuwa, da wani bayani wanda ba a iya samu a baya.

maimaitawa tarihi

Kamar yadda misalai kawo sunayensu Immanuel Velikovsky ( "karo na halittu" An kuma sadaukar da wannan) Hyksos. Wannan shi ne sunan da mutane, ya lashe kashi na zamanin d Misira. Kuma suka yi zaton ya gaske Amalekawa - mutane yawonta da Arabia da Palestine. Kuma Filistiyawa dauki kan Persian invaders, kuma Greek sojojin haya.

Bisa ga wannan dabaru, Velikovsky gano Masar regent Hatshepsut da sarauniya Sheba sani daga OT kuma Thutmose III, wadda bisa ga Egyptologists yawaita Palestine da kuma Siriya, idan aka kwatanta da Littafi Mai Tsarki Sarki Shishakov, wanda sananne ne looting Urushalima haikali a X karni BC.

Wayewa, "fatalwowi"

A tarihi ra'ayi na Velikovsky kashe tsivilizatsiyah- ra'ayin "fatalwowi". Suna, bisa ga ideas na masanin kimiyyar ya tashi saboda kurakurai a cikin gargajiya Chronology. Alal misali, ya yi tsammani cewa taba kasancewa ba Bahitte Empire. Kuma a gaskiya shi ne mai Kaldiya-Kaldiyawa wayewa wanda wanzu daga baya.

A wannan batun, wannan mutumin ya Kaldiyawa m Nebukadnezzar, da Hittiyawa, Sarkin Hattusili.

Velikovsky ta kiman

A kimiyya al'umma Velikovsky da ra'ayoyin su mai daraja daban. Mafi shahara biography na gwarzo wannan labarin rubuta ion Degen. "Immanuel Velikovsky" - shi ke kira. A da shi marubucin ya bayyana a cikin daki-daki, da rabo daga cikin masanin kimiyya, da mutane hade da shi.

Immanuel Velikovsky, wanda photo a tsakiyar XX karni, bayyana akai-akai, a shafukan na rare mujallu, ga alama cewa a cikin bayanin mafi tsoho wayewar wajibi ne don yin gagarumin canje-canje. Alal misali, wannan yana zartuwa ga Rum, Mesafotamiya, Phenicia da Misira, Girka, da Babila, Assuriya da na Yahuza.

Duk da haka, da yawancin wakilan da kimiyya jama'a da ra'ayin Velikovsky sa kaifi zargi. A Isra'ila, domin ya sanã'anta da suna maƙaryaci. Kuma a nan a cikin US daga cikin littattafan sun yi babban rabo mai girma daga cikin jama'a, wanda za a iya kwatanta ta da rare a Rasha Anatoly Fomenko, kuma tana da wani madadin tarihi. Amma Amurka masana kimiyya sun ma wadannan ra'ayoyi ba su tallafi.

Velikovsky al'amarinsu

Saboda zargin ƙiri-faɗi wani masanin kimiyya m ko abin da ake kira "Velikovsky al'amarinku." Yana aiki a matsayin tushen ba wai kawai ya ka'idar, amma kuma da hali na tarihi. Na fara wani tsanani kunya.

Rashin jituwa da abokan aiki a kan shagon kasa da mummunan tasiri a kan wani tunanin da m jihar Velikovsky. A ƙarshe ya zo wani tsanani ruhaniya rikicin. A karshen rayuwarsa, ya karshe rasa addini a kokarin shawo akalla wani daga sananniya ta alhẽri abokan aiki a dama. Ko da yake shi ba ya gushe don bunkasa ideas.

A da maimaitawa na tarihi na zamanin d duniya sun rubuta fiye da daya littafi, Velikovskiy Immanuil. "Zamanai a cikin Hargitsi", misali, kishin wannan topic. Amma, kamar mafi yawansu ya waɗansu ayyuka, da aikin da aka mafadaci hadu da masana. A wannan rabo awaited da littafin "Earth a juyin mulki." Immanuel Velikovsky da m samu barazanar, ya littattafai da aka kauracewa, da kuma magoya bayan an hana aiki.

tarihi jami'in tsaro

Wannan abin da ya kira da salo na littattafai masu yawa, wanda ya rubuta Velikovskiy Immanuil. "Oedipus da Akhenaten" - daya daga cikin wadanda ayyukansu.

Mai karatu an qaddamar a cikin wani m bincike na tarihi asirai da kuma wasanin gwada ilimi. Gaskiya ne zai yiwu ne kawai a kan tushen da nazarin tarihi takardun da shaidunka, a tarihin duniya.

A wannan hasashe, marubucin yana sanya a gaba, a duban farko, m ideas, a cikin abin da shi ne kawai zai yiwu ba ga imani, har da shugaban ba ya dulmuya cikin m tarihi bane. A cikin wannan littafin, marubucin yayi kokarin amsa wannan tambaya da wanda ya kasance a zahiri da Sarauniyar Sheba, fiye da tsakanin wani irin Fir'auna Akhenaten da kuma na almara King Oedipus.

M da kuma ra'ayin mazan jiya tarihi lalle waɗanda zã a ruxani, bayan ya sami matsahi na saba da karshe cewa ya aikata Velikovsky. Amma mai karatu a cikin wani akwati a kwashe. An jiran m karatu.

Abin da Velikovsky da yake daidai?

A tsawon lokaci, ya bayyana cewa, a da yawa daga cikin shiriritar Velikovsky da yake daidai. Yana tabbatar da more kwanan nan da kuma na sosai bincike.

Alal misali, ya version of abin duniya Jupiter fitarda rediyo amo, wanda aka bayyana, a wata lacca, a Princeton University a 1953, shekaru biyu da suka nuna Masana ilmin Franklin kuma Burke.

A shekarar 1969 Velikovsky ce cewa Lunar gona yana da wani magnetism dukiya. Bincike Kasar gona American kumbon sama jannati "Apollo 14" da "Apollo 15" An tabbatar.

A 1950, a cikin littafinsa "halittu a karo" masana kimiyya ya bayyana cewa, bisa ga lissafin, Venus, Duniya ta zafin jiki ne yafi hakan. A ƙarshe tabbatar da wadannan kalmomi nasara shekaru 11 daga baya falakin Drake.

Sa'an nan, a shekarar 1961, Amurka sarari dakin gwaje-gwaje tabbatar da wani jarrabawa Velikovsky game da Venus. Sai ya juya daga cewa duniya zahiri yana da wasu daga cikin anomalous Properties. Alal misali, shi ne muhimmi a retrograde juyawa.

A cikin wannan littafi, "halittu a karo", Velikovsky da'awar cewa Venus yawa ne da ya fi yadda da cewa na Duniya. A cikin shekaru 60 da kai wani m duniya da sarari bincike "Mariner", kuma ya juya daga gaske da kyau.

Scientist mutu a 1979 a Amurka, a Princeton, New Jersey. Ya kasance 84 years old. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa, dukan kimiyya duniya kawai Einstein ko da yaushe tsanani game da ra'ayoyin. Sauran Allah wadai, don haka a cikin mabiyansa a gare Velikovsky gindin image na shahidi na gaskiya, wanda aka etched yaudarar Conservatives. A Rasha taro daga cikin littattafan da aka bayar. Za ka iya samun wasu wallafe kawai.