Miatlinskaya HPP: description, tarihi da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Miatlinskaya HPP tana nufin Sulanskomu hydroelectric. A tashar aka located a kan Sulak River a Dagestan, kusa da kauyen Miatli. Aikin uku main ayyuka - don samar da wutar lantarki, shi ne konrregulyatorom Chirkeyskaya HPP (located cirewa), kayayyaki da ruwa daga tafki a Makhachkala (babban birnin kasar na Dagestan). Station, idan aka kwatanta da yawa abubuwa na irin wannan, shi ne a cikin kananan size amma musamman a tsarin da cakuduwa da gine. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na zamani na dukan makamashi hadaddun na Rasha da ake kerata a tashar.

Fara na aikin

A lokacin da gini Chirkeyskaya HPP bayyana cewa adadin sallami ruwa dole ne a gyara, saboda haka a shekarar 1973 an yanke shawarar fara gina wata tashar. Duk aikin da aka za'ayi a wuya yanayi na duwãtsu. A farko shugaban na aikin shi ne mafi kyau gwani a baka dam DA Shandalov, wanda ya bar} asar jim kadan bayan fara aiki, ba tare da ganin yadda Miatlinsky ikon shuka za a kaddamar.

A tarihin gina tashar ya quite hadaddun. A shekarar 1976, da sinking daga cikin hanya da aka fara, wanda ya jagoranci wani motsi a cikin gangara da kuma bayyanar da wani mugun kaye a dama gāɓar kogi, inda akwai da dama abubuwa na gaba tashoshin. Masana sun yi kokarin gyara halin da ake ciki, tare da taimakon injiniya Tsarin, amma hadarin rushewar an kiyaye su.

Canja wurin yi

Don tabbatar da kare lafiya na nan gaba makaman samu wani wuri biyu kilomita kasa Dam. Wadannan canje-canje sa a wahala na duka tsarin, shi ya ɗauki nawa yi karuwa tank (diamita: 25 m, zurfin - 76 mita), da shagala wuriyar (1700 mita), broaching avtotunnelya (1500 mita) a gefen hagu.

Overlapping jeri na Sulak River faru a 1980, wanda a juyar da ya kwarara daga ruwa a kan Dug shagala rami. Don girmama magina hada da gaskiyar na gina sifofi Arch dam a daya kakar. Lokacin da wannan ya ƙware sabon fasaha tiered kankare aiki, da farko cika ya faru a shekarar 1983, a daidai wannan lokacin da aka gudanar sboyka avtotunnelya. Vehicular zirga-zirga a kan babbar hanya da gada da aka bude a 1984.

farko gabatar da

A shekarar 1985, shi ya fara shigarwa na farko naúrar, da shirya ambaliya da tafki ya faru a ƙarshen shekara. Miatlinskaya HPP kaddamar da farko na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar a watan Disamba na shekarar 1985, a watan Janairu shekara ta 1986, ya ba da masana'antu halin yanzu, a lokacin rani a tashar kaddamar da wani biyu na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar, wanda shi ne farkon wata da cikakken load tashar.

hydroelectric tafki da aka cika har zuwa habarta matakin na 154 kilomita a shekarar 1987. Karuwa tank Miatlinskaya HPP yana da tsawon game da tazarar kilomita 15 a wani nisa na 300 mita, cikin zurfin up to 60 mita. Watershed a estuary bautar wani juz'i daga 13.3 km. cc., da kuma a kan shafin na game da 14 m ^3, jimlar mai amfani da damar da catchment yanki na 16.2 to 32.7 km. cu. Vata ruwa ya kwarara ta cikin Tsarin shi ne 3000 m ³ / s a iyakar load. A lokacin shiri na tanki karkashin ambaliya buga 151 ha na gona.

Miatlinsky ikon shuka: a review

Description of Tsarin na tashar:

• Arch dam. A zane aiwatar a tashar, shi ne daya daga cikin na musamman da kuma rikitarwa. Arch dams gina kawai uku a cikin Tarayyar Soviet - Meatlinskaya HPP Chirkey HPP Gunibskaya HPP. A tsawo daga cikin dam ne 86,5 mita, da tsawon 179 mita.
• Gina rami.
• Gina samar da wutar lantarki a kan bankunan na kogin Sulak.
• Daidaita tafki.
• Penstocks.
• Tafiya daga dam shagala rami.

Miatlinskaya gwada da kananan hydroelectric tashar, iyãwarsa ne 220 MW, a shekara samar da kusan miliyan 700 kW / h. Saka a kan biyu hydroelectric ruwa injin turbin, ikon kowanne daga abin da yake 110 MW a kai ruwa na 46 mita biyu. Engineering tashar tsunduma Institute "Lengidroproekt".

matsaloli na ruwa turbines

Miatlinsky ikon shuka a kan kogin Sulak a 2014 shi ne a kan aiwatar da ayyukan sake gina. Tun da farkon aiki da shi ya bayyana cewa a kan ruwan wukake da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa turbines sauri fasa, saboda wanda ake bukata m gyara. Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa injin turbin shigar a kan ingancin ba ya bambanta daga wasu aiki a kan sauran tashoshin, amma yanayi da suka yi zama, matsananci, ruwa gudu ne 46 mita biyu, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa ruwa za a iya sauƙi lalace.

Bugu da ƙari, saboda da ya karu da makamashi bukatar bukatar tashi a ikon fitarwa iya aiki. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na m na zamani da kamfanin "RusHydro" shirin sanya hannu a kwangila tare da Austria manufacturer Voith Hydro ga samar da canji na impellers na biyu na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa raka'a.

maimaitawa

A 2015, da maimaitawa na farko na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa injin turbin, inda kamar yadda shirya aka za'ayi, akwai wani canji na impeller. Yana sanye take da bakwai ruwan wukake da ciwon ya karu ƙarfi (fiye da 2 ton a kan kowane ruwa), da sauran nauyin da dabaran kai 128 tons. Don tabbatar da matsala-free aiki an ya karu mai matsa lamba gudãnar tsarin har zuwa 63 atmospheres (ya 40 ATM.), Wannan mataki da aka yarda su rage adadin man cinye da kuma inganta muhalli yi. The matakan dauka tabbatar da karuwa a iya aiki, da kuma a nan gaba ya yi alkawarin karin iko.

Bayan hydro injin turbin dabaran, akwai wani canji kula da tsarin, lantarki janareta kariya murfin kuma hydro turbines. Ikon injin turbin karu zuwa 113 MW. A na biyu injin turbin ya tafi, ta hanyar wannan lokaci na sake gina, amma aikin da aka jinkirta.

shirya ayyukansu

A wurin da Miatlinsky ikon shuka nufin da m ƙasa da kogin Sulak sau da yawa "capricious" don haka za su gudanar da wani shirya scan, gyara da kuma tsabtace na shagala tashar da muhimmanci ga aiki na hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke. M aiki ne da za'ayi sau daya a kowace shekara talatin, wanda shi ne abin da ya faru a watan Oktoba shekara ta 2016.

Tun da jefa tashar derivational rami ba su bushe ba, rufinta ne 12 mita da nisa daga game da 15 mita, da tsawon 1.7 kilomita. Don lambatu ruwa wuriyar ake bukata don sauka a cikin ruwa da kuma shirya don ya dauke ƙofofin da shara tsarin, sa'an nan kusa sashe da kuma ci gaba da draining wuriyar. Rufe karu da da crane, suna wakiltar wani Multi-ton tsarin a tashin wadda mai yiwuwa ne kawai tare da taimakon fasaha.

rami dubawa gudanar da Laser scanning da al'ada iri - by dubawa ma'aikata. Global matsaloli (fasa, voids) da aka gano, da kuma kauri daga cikin monolithic kankare simintin ba rushe a wuri guda. Ƙananan gyare-gyare har yanzu ake bukata. Ciko da ruwa line ya routinely - rufe ƙofofin bude ta kawai 15 santimita, amma yana da isasshen zuwa ton na ruwa ya fara zo a cikin tsarin. Yau Miatlinsky ikon shuka ne aiki da kullum.