Menene aromatic hydrocarbons: Formula Properties

La'akari da aromatic hydrocarbons. Da dabara na wakilan wannan homologue jerin - SpN2p-6.

aji Features

A farkon karni na sha tara ta Faraday aka gano benzene - C6H6. Idan aka kwatanta da cikakken hydrocarbons, tsarin dabarbari na aromatic hydrocarbons aka gabatar a cikin nau'i na madaukai. Ganin cewa a cikin kwayoyin ƙunshi wani kasa adadin hydrogen, da aromatic zobe da aka kafa a cikin zobe.

Yadda za a ƙona aromatic hydrocarbons? Da dabara samarwa da Kekule, ya bayyana tsarin da wannan aji na hydrocarbons. A gaban biyu shaidu tabbatar da aromatic yanayi na benzene kuma ta homologs.

sinadaran Properties

A general dabara na aromatic hydrocarbons presupposes kasancewar duk mahadi daga cikin aji na Bugu da kari halayen: hydrogenation, halogenation, hydration. A sakamakon yawa gwajen nuna kadan benzene sinadaran aiki.

Yana farfado da karin jure hadawan abu da iskar shaka, shi ne iya dangane kawai tare da ultraviolet radiation ko wani dagagge zafin jiki.

Features na tsarin benzene

A kwayoyin dabara na aromatic hydrocarbon - C6H6. Duk da carbon atoms ne a cp2-matasan jihar, ana shirya a daya jirgin sama. Kowane daga cikinsu shi ne daya ba matasan C zarra, wanda ake hada a cikin wani na kowa electron girgije cewa zaune perpendicular da jirgin saman da zobe. Wannan zobe tsarin da aka conjugated p-shaidu da kuma kayyade sinadaran benzene passivity.

American Chemical Pauling samarwa benzene daukarsa biyu juna Tsarin cewa bambanta gano wuri electron yawa, wucewa juna.

Nomenclature da isomerism

Yaya za ka iya kiran aromatics? Da dabara na mahadi wanda kasance a wani yawan aromatic hydrocarbons, dole ne yayi daidai da samarwa kwayoyin tsarin. A sauki homologue na benzene ne toluene. Bambanci tsakanin shi da kuma sauki aromatic hydrocarbon ne CH2.

Lokacin da sunan wakilan wannan aji a matsayin dalilin shan benzene. Lambobin na carbon atoms ne da za'ayi a kewaye iri na agogo shugabanci, fara daga mazan da ƙaramin Mataimakin. Ko (2 da kuma 6) sami matsayi na ortho-mukamai, da kuma 3 da 5 (m) meta embodiments.

Faye hali na jiki Properties

Abin da jiki halaye ne: aromatic hydrocarbons, wanda yayi dace da aji dabara SpN2p-6?

Benzene da homologues zuwa karkashin al'ada yanayi ne mai guba m da ciwon halayyar m wari. Domin duk fagen fama ne halin da low solubility a ruwa. A Unlimited yawa, suna narkewa a cikin kwayoyin kaushi.

zaɓuɓɓuka saboda

A wani masana'antu embodiment kayan benzene da kuma sauran wakilan da aji na aromatic hydrocarbons, wanda zai iya la'akari da aiki da kwal kwalta ko man fetur. A roba version na samu na wakilan wannan aji ne da wadannan bambance-bambancen karatu:

• Tsakiyan nonon daga cycloparaffins hydrogen kwayoyin (dehydration).
• aromatization na cikakken hydrocarbons (alkanes).

Duka Hanyar samarwa a cikin hira da mahadi aromatic embodiment, unsa da amfani da high zafin jiki da kuma kara kuzari.

Daga cikin na kowa hanyoyin samun awon arenes akwai za a iya ambata Wurtz kira. An halin da hulda da wani halogenated alkane da ƙarfe sodium.

Features homologues na benzene

Toluene, a cikin abin da wani methyl kungiyar ne ba, za ya shiga cikin sinadaran halayen fiye da benzene. Tun CH3 orientant farko irin ne kunshe a cikin substituents za a daidaitacce ortho (ko da) matsayi. Toluene ne iya halogenation (chlorination, bromination, iodination), da kuma nitration.

ƙarshe

All aromatic hydrocarbons m zuwa janar dabara SpN2p-6. A lokacin konewa na iska oxygen saki isa yawa na toka da cewa an sauƙi bayyana ta da ƙara abun ciki na carbon a cikinsa.