Samun benzene

Akwai hanyoyi da dama na masana'antu da kuma awon samar da benzene, wanda bambanta daidai da abin da samfurin da aka zaba a matsayin farawa abu. Yanzu sinadaran samarwa kamar yadda irin wannan ƙara ya shafi daban-daban aromatic mahadi, kamar coke tanda gas samar a lokacin coking na ci. Su ne yadu used da kuma daban-daban ci kwalta kasarun adadi kafa a lokacin barasan na danyen mai.

Coking kwal - manyan tsari mataki a karfe masana'antu, shi ne zama dole a samu coke. Babu bukatar bayyana a cikin daki-daki, duk da fasaha, wanda dogara ne a kan shirye-shiryen da benzene, isar da shi a ce a wannan harka shi ne kafa a mataki, a lokacin da kwal da aka bazu da bazuwar kayayyakin ne coke da volatiles da farko - coke tanda gas. A ta tururi ne kwal kwalta. Lokacin da wannan gas ya wuce ta condenser tsarin, akwai wani rabuwa da abubuwa constituting shi. Bayan elektrofiltrovaniya coke tanda gas riga ya ƙunshi wani biyu na gudanar da mahadi ciki har da benzene. Wannan shiri na tabbatar da ta benzene amfanin ƙasa a cikin raw siffan kamar daidai 10-11 kg tonne busassun kwal.

Coal kwalta ma damar zuwa samu benzene. Technology a nan shi ne reminiscent na da hanyar da ake gudanar da su samu benzene daga coke tanda gas. Gaskiyar ita, cewa, a kanta ci kwalta - a wajen hadaddun a abun da ke ciki bangaren cakuda daban-daban iri iri na aromatic gudanar da mahadi. Bugu da ƙari, ko da a yau, da abun da ke ciki na fili ba cikakken gane, kuma ta haka ne kafa da wanzuwar fiye da 500 (!) Aka gyara. Processing fasahar ne a aiwatar da biyu-mataki rabuwa guduro cikin raba kasarun adadi. A saboda wannan dalili kowane daga cikinsu ne hõre mataki na alkalis cire acidic part. A sakamakon daskararru da aka kafa - anthracene da naphthalene, kazalika da haske, wanda aka hada da a cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma benzene.

A masana'antu yada samun benzene a raw siffan, da ake kira da danyen benzene. Don samun m fili, danye benzene dole ne a tsabtace daga sulfur mahadi. A wannan tsari bambanta biyu, saukarwa. A farko ya auku dace kau na sulfur impurities, da kuma na biyu rabu cakuda tsarkake ta barasan. Daya daga cikin kayayyakin da wannan rabuwa zai zama benzene.

A manyan tushen daban-daban aromatics ne man fetur. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa zamani samar benzenes mayar da hankali a kan wannan samfurin.

Benzene da aka ware ma daga acetylene. Wannan abu karkashin al'ada yanayi ne mai gas, shi ne colorless, kusan insoluble a ruwa, shi ne m fiye da iska. Daga cikin sinadaran Properties na da gas na da ikon polymerize, sabili da haka amfani da masana'antu domin samar da benzene daga acetylene. Wannan hanya ita ce mafi alamar rahama daga mahangar samar da kuma rike yanayi na sinadaran dauki. Gaskiyar cewa acetylene, a kansa, shi ne mai m, saboda da amfani a masana'antu shafi da bukatar cika da tsananin fasaha horo da kuma kayan aiki na musamman, musamman zafi-resistant. A lokaci guda, kafin samun acetylene daga benzene, a cimma isasshen zafin jiki zuwa 400 C da kuma rike da shi a gaban graphite. Wannan hanya da aka samarwa a 1866 ta Faransa sunadarai M. Berthelot, duk da haka, abu amfanin ƙasa da aka musamman low. Saboda haka, a yau fasaha ne tartsatsi amfani da daban-daban iri iri na catalysts kuma ga accelerating dauki da kuma kara yawan amfanin ƙasa na tsarki benzene.

Karkashin awon yanayi, benzene ne yawanci ba ya samu, amma idan duk da haka bukata ta taso, da alloying Hanyar yin amfani da benzoic acid da wani Alkali. A sakamakon wannan dauki benzene.