Iri ruwaye. Iri mafita tare da wani taro

Turmi - shi kunshi biyu ko fiye da abubuwa wani taro yi kama, ko cakuda a wanda daya abu mukaddashin a matsayin sauran ƙarfi, kuma da sauran - a matsayin narkewa barbashi.

Akwai biyu theories na asalin magani mafita: sinadaran, wanda shi ne ya kafa Mendeleev D. I., da kuma ta jiki, samarwa da Jamus da kuma Swiss likita Ostwald da Arrhenius. Bisa ga fassarar Mendeleev, sauran ƙarfi da kuma solute aka gyara zama mahalarta a cikin wani sinadaran dauki samar maras tabbas mahadi daga cikin wadannan guda aka gyara ko barbashi.

Jiki guda ka'idar musanta sinadaran hulda tsakanin kwayoyin na sauran ƙarfi da kuma narkar da abubuwa, bayanin aiwatar da samuwar ruwaye kamar uniform rarraba da barbashi (kwayoyin, ions) tsakanin barbashi da sauran ƙarfi dissolves da abu saboda jiki mamaki kira yadawa.

Nau'in mafita bisa ga daban-daban sharudda

A halin yanzu babu uniform tsarin na rarrabuwa mafita, duk da haka, matukar iri mafita za a iya harhada a kan mafi muhimmanci sharudda, wato:

I) Kamar yadda tara jihar da sirrin: m, gaseous da ruwa mafita.

II) The girman da solute barbashi: colloidal da gaske.

III) Bisa ga digiri na barbashi taro na narkar da abubuwa a cikin bayani: cikakken, unsaturated, mayar da hankali, diluted.

IV) By da ikon da za su gudanar da wutar lantarki a halin yanzu: Wutan da kuma wadanda ba Wutan.

V) By nufi da aikace-aikace filayen: sinadaran, likitanci, yi, musamman mafita, da sauransu.

Forms mafita a cikin tara jihar

Nau'in mafita daga tari da sauran ƙarfi dauke a cikin m ji da kalmar dabi'u. An dauke da mafita ruwa abu (da kuma yadda solute iya aiki a matsayin mai ruwa ko m kashi), amma idan akai la'akari da cewa da bayani - a kama tsarin na biyu ko fiye da mahadi, shi ne ma'ana don gane ma m mafita, da kuma gaseous. M mafita da aka dauke su a cakuda, msl, da dama karafa, wanda aka fi sani colloquially matsayin gami. Gaseous jinsunan mafita - a cakuda da dama gas, misali - na yanayi iska da mu, wanda aka wakilta a matsayin wani fili daga oxygen, nitrogen da carbon dioxide.

Solutions bisa ga girman da narkar da barbashi

Iri mafita narkar sized barbashi hada da gaskiya (na al'ada) mafita da kuma colloidal tsarin. A gaskiya mafita solute tsãgewar ƙwãyar cikin karami kwayoyin ko kwayoyin halitta zuwa kimanin girman da sauran ƙarfi kwayoyin. Kamar wancan ne da gaskiya da bayani iri riƙe da asali kaddarorin da sauran ƙarfi, ta hanyar mayar da shi ne kawai dan kadan a ƙarƙashin rinjayar physico-sinadaran Properties daga cikin kashi kara zuwa gare shi. Misali ta hanyar dissolving da gishiri a ruwa ko sugar ruwa ya zauna a cikin wannan jiha na tari na wannan daidaito, kusan guda launi, da canza kawai ta iyawa.

Colloidal mafita daban-daban daga al'ada a cewa add-kan bangaren ba gaba daya bazu, yayin da rike hadaddun kwayoyin da mahadi wanda ƙwarai ƙetare girma daga cikin sauran ƙarfi gaɓũɓuwa, wucewa darajar 1 nanometer.

Iri mafita tare da wani taro

A wannan adadin sauran ƙarfi za a iya kara daban-daban yawa na solute kashi, da fitarwa zai yi mafita tare da daban-daban yawa. Mun jera babban wadanda:

1. Cikakken mafita ne halin da wani mataki na solubility na abu a da solute bangaren ƙarƙashin rinjayar akai zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba ta daina disintegrates a kan kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin, da kuma bayani ya kai ma'auni lokaci. Cikakken mafita kuma za a iya raba fi mai da hankali a cikinsa da taro sulusi da murabba'i na narkar da aka gyara ne m tare da sauran ƙarfi, kuma diluted inda solute ne sau da yawa m sauran ƙarfi.
2. Unsaturated - wadanda mafita a cikin abin da solute iya har yanzu rarrabu cikin karami barbashi.
3. Supersaturated mafita aka samu a lõkacin da canza sigogi influencing dalilai (zazzabi, matsa lamba), sakamakon shi a ci gaba da aiwatar da "crushing" da narkar abu, shi ya zama mafi girma daga karkashin al'ada (al'ada) yanayi.

Wutan da kuma wadanda ba Wutan

Wasu abubuwa a cikin bayani dissociate cikin ions iya gudanar da wutar lantarki. Irin wannan kama tsarin da ake kira Wutan. Wannan kungiyar hada acid, mafi salts. A mafita ba tare da gudanar da wutar lantarki a halin yanzu, ake magana a kai a matsayin maras Wutan (kusan duk hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi).

Groups mafita nufi

A mafita ne ba makawa a duk bangaren da tattalin arziki, da ƙayyadaddu na abin da ya halitta wadannan iri musamman mafita, kamar likita, yi, sunadarai, da sauransu.

Medical mafita - mai hade da kwayoyi a cikin nau'i na man shafawa, suspensions, juices, da mafita ga jiko da allura, da kuma sauran sashi siffofin amfani ga likita dalilai domin lura da rigakafin cututtuka daban-daban.

Tattare da sunadarai mafita hada da wani dubun na kama mahadi amfani da sinadaran halayen: acid salts. Wadannan mafita iya zama kwayoyin ko inorganic, ruwa (teku ruwa) ko anhydrous (bisa benzene, acetone da sauransu. D.), Liquid (vodka) ko m (tagulla). Sun iske aikace-aikace daban-daban a sassa na kasa tattalin arzikin: sinadaran, abinci, yadi masana'antu.

Nau'in rokoki bambanta da danko sosai, kuma m daidaito, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ne mafi dace take mix.

Saboda da ikon hanzari solidify, sun samu nasarar amfani da matsayin m for masonry ganuwar, ceilings, goyon bayan Tsarin, kazalika ga karewa aiki. Mai ruwa-ruwa mafita, sau da yawa uku-bangaren (sauran ƙarfi ciminti daban-daban markings filler) wanda aka yi amfani a matsayin filler yashi, lãka, tsakuwa, lemun tsami, gypsum da sauran gine-gine da kayayyakin.