Aromatic hydrocarbons, babban wakilan da su aikace-aikace a cikin kasa da tattalin arziki.

Aromatic hydrocarbons (in ba haka ba ya kira arenes) - biosoedineniya ne kwayoyin kwayoyin na wanda dauke da daya ko fiye da hawan keke na shida sunadaran carbon. Benzene zobe, halin da musamman jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties. Sunan "Arena" da aka kunshe a cikin kwayoyin da janar sunadarai a cikin marigayi 18th - farkon karni na 19th. Waɗannan sun haɗa da abubuwa wanda kunshi biyu sinadaran mahadi - hydrogen da carbon kuma yana da m wari (resins, balsams, da muhimmanci mai, da turare). A tsawon lokaci, da sunan "aromatic hydrocarbons" rasa da muhimmancin, tun aromatics hadu a tsakanin sauran azuzuwan hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi, kuma mafi aromatic ko da wani m wari. Benzene da aka ware domin karo na farko a cikin farkon karni na 19th daga ci gas. A kadan daga baya (1845) AF Hoffman allocates aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene) daga ci kwalta. Yau Arenes aji (IUPAC rarrabuwa) kunshi mahadi tushen kwayoyin da suke da benzelnye core. Saboda haka da cewa irin wannan mahadi an rabu cikin guda da Multi-zobe, kazalika da aromatic hydrocarbons da takaice nuclei.

Mononuclear fagen fama - shi ne gudanar da mahadi wanda dauke daya benzene zobe. A tsarin da benzene kwayoyin hali wakilin arenes mafi Kekule dabara aka nuna a matsayin zagayowar na shida Carbo kwayoyin halitta, wanda ake alternately da alaka da sauki C-C da kuma C = C biyu shaidu. Wannan tsarin da aka tabbatar da zamani physico-sinadaran analysis.

Kekule tushen fahimtar tsarin benzene ne: 1) yana da tsarin kyakkyawan benzene zobe. 2) benzelnom zobe esti uku sauki da kuma uku biyu shaidu; 3) Duk shida Carbo kwayoyin halitta a kan benzene zobe ne daidai da juna. Da dabara ya nuna da elemental abun da ke ciki na benzene, da rabo Carbo hydrogen atoms a cikin DNA, domin rashin monosubstituted isomers na benzene Kalam.

Aromatic hydrocarbons ne quite tartsatsi a cikin halitta. Su ne wani ɓangare daga ci kwalta cewa an samu bayan bushe barasan na ci. Arena wani bangare ne na yawa irin man fetur da kuma sauran halitta kayayyakin (resins, balsams, da dai sauransu). A lokacin da bushe barasan na ci a talakawan samu for game da uku da kashi ci kwalta, ko ci kwalta. Kuma daga ci kwalta da fractional barasan aka shirya a yawan kasarun adadi: wani haske mai (qunshi xylenes, toluene, benzene, thiophene), carbolic man fetur (qunshi cresols, phenols da naphthalene), creosote man fetur (dauke da naphthalene) anthracene man fetur (ƙunshi phenanthrene, anthracene da kuma sauran mafi girma fagage), da kuma farar da ake amfani da hanya bayar da damar gudanar da matsayin yi abu.

A amfani da aromatic hydrocarbons. Benzene halin da takamaiman wari, kusan insoluble a ruwa. Yana da kyau sauran ƙarfi ga kwayoyin biosoedineny. Hada daga ci kwalta. Benzene - mai muhimmanci da albarkatun kasa domin samar da dyes, magunguna, nakiyoyi, shuka girma promoters, herbicides, kwari, da dai sauransu

Toluene ne readily mai narkewa a cikin kwayoyin kaushi. Tattalin daga ci kwalta, kazalika da wasu maki na man fetur. Hada daga toluene benzene barasa, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, dyes, magunguna, saccharin, trinitrotoluene.

Xylitol ne mai kyau Organic solvents. Tattalin daga kwal da man fetur, kazalika da fractional barasan na ci kwalta. Daga xylenes hada phthalic anhydride, xylene, rayon polyester. Wani lokaci xylenes suna kara da cewa, man fetur.