A Tibet Plateau: description, yanayin wuri, sauyin yanayi da kuma ban sha'awa facts

A Tibet Plateau - mafi m mai tsayi yanki a duniya. Yana wani lokacin ake kira da "rufin duniya." Shi ne Tibet, wanda shi ne rabin karni na karshe ya kasance wani zaman kanta a jihar, kuma shi ne yanzu wani bangare na kasar Sin. Biyu suna da shi - da Land of Snows.

Tibet Plateau: Gwargwadon wuri

Tsaunuka ne located in Central Asia, yafi a kasar Sin. A yamma da Tibet Filato kẽwayesu da Karakoram a arewa - tare da Kun-Lun, kuma a gabas - tare da tsakanin Sin da Tibet duwãtsu a kudu shi hadu da majestic Himalayas. A Tibet, akwai fannoni uku: tsakiya da kuma yammacin (U-Tsang), dake arewa maso gabashin (Amdo), gabashin da kuma kudu-maso-gabashin (Kam). Filato maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na 2 murabba'in kilomita miliyan. A matsakaicin tsayi da Tibet Plateau - daga 4 zuwa 5 dubu mita.

taimako

A arewacin ne m da lebur filayen da wani babban tsawo. Azahiri Arewa Tibet kama da Midlands, kawai muhimmanci dagagge. Akwai glacial landforms: cars, kududdufai, moraines. Sun fara a tsawon 4500 mita. Tare da gefuna da tsaunuka ne duwãtsu tare da m gangara, zurfin kwari da gorges. Kusa da Himalayas da kuma tsakanin Sin da Tibet duwãtsu, filayen dauki siffar intermountain daruna, inda Brahmaputra gudana - mafi girma a kogin. A Tibet Filato an rage wa 2500-3000 mita.

asalin

Himalayas da Tibet tare da shi kafa ta subduction - karo na lithospheric faranti. Tibet Filato samuwar ne kamar haka. Indian dandali nutse a ƙasa Asiya farantin. Duk da haka, ba ta gangara zuwa alkyabbar kuma fara motsa horizontally, don haka ya koma kan wani dogon nesa, ya kuma tada Tibet Filato a high tsawo. Saboda haka, taimako ne mafi yawa lebur.

sauyin yanayi

Da sauyin yanayi, wanda yake shi ne Tibet Plateau, sosai matsananci, hali na tsaunuka. A lokaci guda, da iska ne bushe, saboda Filato an zubar da cikin nahiyar. A mafi sassa na tsaunuka da ruwan sama shi ne 100-200 mm a kowace shekara. A kan karkata zuwa 500 millimeters a kudu, inda malale busa - 700-1000. Amma, hazo da dama kamar yadda dusar ƙanƙara. Saboda wannan bushe sauyin yanayi, da dusar ƙanƙara line sosai high, a matakin 6000 mita. The most yanki na glaciers a kudancin, inda Kailas da Thang. A arewa da kuma a cikin cibiyar na shekara-shekara talakawan zafin jiki jeri tsakanin 0 da kuma 5 digiri. Snowless hunturu yana da wani dogon lokaci, akwai talatin da digiri sanyi. Summer isasshe sanyi zuwa da zazzabi na 10-15 digiri. A cikin kwaruruka, da a kusa da kudu da sauyin yanayi zama warmer.

Tibet Plateau yana da mafi tsawo, don haka iska ne sosai sparse, wannan siffa taimaka wa kaifi zazzabi hawa da sauka. A dare yankin cools, akwai karfi na gida iskõki da ƙura hadari.

m ruwa

Koguna da tabkuna su ne mafi yawa a cikin tsaunuka ne rufe daruna, watau, ba su da wani waje magudana a cikin teku, da tekuna. Ko da yake a kan karkata, mamaye malale, su ne asalin daga cikin manyan kuma manyan koguna. Shi ne asalin Yangtze, da Mekong, da Yellow River, da Indus, Salween, Brahmaputra. Duk wadannan manyan koguna na Indiya da kuma China. A arewa, da ikon ruwa gudana ne yafi saboda dab snow da glaciers. A kudu mafi shafi ruwan sama. Tu Tibet Plateau koguna ne lebur yanayi, da kuma a cikin ridges a kan periphery iya zama sosai m da kuma gaggawar, rãfukansu, wajen kama gefen kwarin. A lokacin rani akwai wani ruwan tsufana na da kõguna a cikinta, kuma a cikin hunturu da suka daskare.

Da yawa tabkuna a Tibet Plateau suna located a tsawon 4500 zuwa 5300 mita. Su asalin ne tectonic. Most of su: Seling, Namtso, Dangrayum. Mafi yawa daga cikin tabkuna ne m zurfin, low Coast. Ruwa a kansu da ciwon daban-daban gishiri da abun ciki, don haka da launuka da tabarau na ruwa madubai bambanta daga ruwan kasa zuwa turquoise. A watan Nuwamba, sun fahimci kankara, ruwa ne daskararre har May.

ciyayi

A Tibet Plateau ne shagaltar da yafi Highland matakan da Hamada. A manyan sassa na ciyayi cover ne ba ya nan, akwai tsakuwa da dutse mulkin. Ko da yake a kan karkata daga cikin tsaunuka akwai m asashe da dutsen-makiyaya kasa.

A cikin babban jejin ciyayi da aka tsumburai. Ganye Tibet Plateau: abinci mai ɗaci, acantholimons, astragalus, Saussure. Shrubs: ephedra, eurotia, tanacetum.

A arewa, tartsatsi mosses da lichens. Ina ruwan tebur yana kusa da surface, akwai wani makiyaya da ciyayi (sedge, auduga ciyawa, bulrush, cobresia).

A gabas da kuma kudu na Tibet Plateau ruwan sama ƙaruwa, da yanayin zama mafi m, da m belts. Idan saman dutsen aka mamaye hamada, kasa da dutsen steppe (gashin tsuntsu ciyawa, fescue, bluegrass). A cikin kwaruruka na manyan koguna girma shrubs (Juniper, Caragana, rhododendron). Ga akwai riparian gandun daji na Willows da poplars, Turangi.

dabba duniya

A cikin harshen Tibet Plateau a arewa live ungulates: yaks, barewa, argali, da Tibet irin gada da kuma jahannama, Kiang kuki-Yaman. Kama hares, pikas da voles. Akwai yara: beyar-pischuhoed, fox, kerkẽci, Takao. Wadannan tsuntsaye rayuwa a nan: kananan tsuntsaye, snow Partridge, Pallas yashi takaddamarsu. Akwai predatory: Pallas ta Fish Eagle da Himalayan ungulu.

Tarihi na Tibet Association

Qiang kabilu (magabatan da Tibet mutane) sun koma cikin ƙasa na tsaunuka Kukunor a 6-5 karni BC. A 7th karni AD, suka koma noma, a lokaci guda karya m da zamantakewa tsarin. Tibet kabilan sõyayya Namri - mai mulkin Yarlung. Tare da dansa da kuma magajin Srontszangambo fara zama na Tibet Empire (7-9 karni).

A cikin shekara ta 787 ya zama addinin jihar na addinin Buddha. Langdarma a zamanin mulkin mabiyansa fara da za a tsananta. Bayan rasuwar sarkin jihar ne zuwa kashi daban mulkoki. A 11-12 ƙarni akwai bayyana yawa addini Buddha ƙungiyõyin gina gidajen, da most of wadda saya da matsayi na m waɗanda Allah jihohi.

A 13th karni, Tibet, da dama a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da mangolawa, dangantakar da aka rasa bayan faduwar daular Yuan. Daga 14th ga 17th karni akwai wani gwagwarmayar iko. M Tszonkaba shirya wani sabon Buddhist darikar Gelukba, a cikin 16th karni, shugaban darikar samu title of Dalai Lama. A 17th karni, na biyar Dalai Lama ya yi kira da taimako ga Oirat khan Kukunor. A 1642, abokan hamayyarsu - Sarkin Tsang yankin - hallaka. Gelukba darikar ya fara sarauta a jihar Tibet, da kuma Dalai Lama ya zama na ruhaniya da kuma na boko shugaban kasar.

m tarihi

By tsakiyar 18th karni gabas da arewa maso gabashin Tibet wani bangare ne na Qin Empire. By karshen karni da suke magana zuwa wasu yankunan da ke jihar. Ikon ya zauna a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Dalai Lama, amma a karkashin iko da Qing kotu. A cikin karni na 19th Birtaniya mamaye Tibet a shekara ta 1904 da dakarunta suka shiga birnin Lhasa. wata kwangila da aka sanya hannu tare da wani UK kamfani a jihar Tibet.

Yana tsoma baki tare da gwamnatin Rasha, tare da Birtaniya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a kan kiyayewa da kuma girmama 'yancin yankunanta na Tibet. A 1911 akwai da Han Xin-juyin juya hali, a cikin abin da duk Sin dakarun aka fitar daga Tibet. A nan gaba, da Dalai Lama ya sanar da karewa dukkan dangantaka da Beijing. Amma a Tibet zauna karfi English tasiri. Bayan yakin duniya na II, US tasiri da aka kunna a nan. A shekarar 1949, gwamnatin ayyana 'yancin kai na Tibet. China ne a matsayin separatism. Yana fara wani yunkuri Mutane ta Liberation Army a Tibet gefe. A shekarar 1951, jihar samu matsayi na kasa da cin gashin cikin kasar Sin. Bayan shekaru 8 da fara tunzurin sake, da Dalai Lama ya tilasta cikin hiding a India. A shekarar 1965, Tibet da aka kafa a nan. Bayan haka, gwamnatin kasar Sin da za'ayi a jerin repressions da malamai.

Ta yaya addinin Buddha a jihar Tibet

Shigar azzakari cikin farji na addinin Buddha zuwa Tibet enmeshed asirai da kuma Legends. A jihar a lokacin da yake karami, kuma karfi. A cewar labari, Tibet koya game da addinin Buddha godiya ga mu'ujiza gudana. Lokacin da dokoki King Lhatotori kananan akwati fadi daga sama. Shi ne mai rubutu Karandavyuha sutras. Godiya ga wannan rubutu, jihar fara yabanya, da Sarkin tsammani shi asiri da wani mataimaki.

A farko na kabilar Tibet Dharma sarakuna sun Srontszangambo daga baya, an dauke shi misalta Tibet ta zama majiɓinci - da bodhisattva Avalokitesvara. Ya aure biyu ya'yan sarakuna, daya ya daga Nepal, da sauran - daga kasar Sin. Dukansu kawo Buddhist matani da kuma abubuwa na ibada. Sin gimbiya ya kawo wani babban Buddha mutum-mutumi, wanda aka dauke da babban relic na Tibet. Hadishi girmama wadannan mata biyu kamar yadda na jiki na Tara - kore da fari.

A tsakiyar 8th karni, ya aka kira su zuwa ga yin wa'azi Shantarakshita bafalsafe wanda da sannu kafa na farko Buddhist gidajen lama.