Lithospheric faranti: ka'idar lithospheric faranti

A ka'idar lithospheric faranti - daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa a Gwargwadon kimiyya. Jarrabawa mobilism (in ba haka ba - nahiyar gantali), da zarar manta, yanzu farfado sake, godiya ga gano Magnetic anomalies sandunan da alternating ãyõyi, wanda suke tsakaitã tsakiyar teku ridges (su gatura), da farko magnetization, kazalika da canji a kan lokaci na da Magnetic iyakacin duniya matsayi.

Maimaita tabbatar da ra'ayi na fadada daga cikin teku bene tare da gatura na tsakiyar Oceanic ridges zuwa gefe yankunan da aka samu a cikin shakka daga shekaru da yawa na gudanar da bincike, kazalika da sakamakon zurfin-ruwa hakowa. Babba taimako ga gudanar da bincike da kuma ci gaban da ra'ayin nahiyar gantali (mobilism) sanya Seismologists. Ta hanyar da bincike, shi yiwuwa a bayyana da hanya ga rarraba da girgizar kasa zones a Duniya ta surface. Sai ya juya daga cewa wadannan yankunan su ne m, amma quite kunkuntar: su ne kusa da babban baka, tare da ribace-ribace na nahiyoyi da kuma tsakiyar teku ridges.

farantin tectonics

Wannan jarrabawa mobilism kira "Plate tectonics". Su ne ba sosai - a total na takwas manyan da rabin dozin karami su. A karshen kuma ake kira microplates. The most farantin located a cikin Pacific, shi ne na bakin ciki, sauƙi permeable Oceanic ɓawon burodi. A Indo-Australian, Antarctic, Afirka ta Kudu, American, North American kuma Eurasian faranti nahiyar ɓawon burodi. Lithospheric faranti da daban-daban iyakoki (gefuna) da kuma sannu a hankali ya koma a fadin duniyar tamu ta surface. Lokacin da lithospheric faranti diverge, da gefuna ne bamban: dispersing, farantin form sabani zone (crack), wanda ya karbi alkyabbar abu. A kan kasa surface, shi taurare da Oceanic ɓawon burodi buildup faruwa. Duk abin da yake sabon da sabon alkyabbar abu ciyar a cikin sabani zone, yana faɗaɗa shi da kuma sa faranti matsawa ina suka motsa baya, kafa da teku, kuma ta girma ne kullum girma. Wannan irin iyakokin yau akwai tare da gatura na tsakiyar Oceanic ridges da kuma sabani gyarawa fasa.

Convergent iyaka an kafa a lokacin da crustal faranti converge. Idan suka kusanci juna a lamba zones faruwa quite hadaddun matakai, daga cikinsu biyu na asali masana kimiyya kasaftawa. A farko daga cikin wadannan ne cewa karo na nahiyar faranti da Oceanic daya daga cikinsu nitsewa cikin alkyabbar, da kuma shi yana tare da keta da kuma warping. A karo sashi na zurfin-mayar da hankali da raurawar asa faruwa. Bayan lamba farantin cikin alkyabbar, shi ne jera narke: ta fi haske gyara bayan dab sake tashi zuwa surface, zama volcanic eruptions. A denser aka gyara hankali nitsewa cikin alkyabbar, an saukar da saukar zuwa core iyakoki. Yana haka kafa Pacific zobe na wuta.

Lokacin da biyu nahiyar faranti ridging faruwa. Wannan za a iya lura tare da icing, da kankara floes, da kuma ciyar fuskantar juna, razdrablivayutsya. Lokacin da crustal faranti yi karo, suna matsa, da kuma babban dutse Tsarin aka kafa a gefuna.

A ka'idar lithospheric faranti

Ta hanyar shekaru da yawa da suka lura, geophysics kafa matsakaita gudun motsi na lithospheric faranti. A yankin kafa a karo Hindustan da Afirka faranti da Eurasian farantin mai tsayi-Himalayan bel matsawa kudi na haduwa ne tsakanin 0.6 cm / shekara a cikin Himalayas, kuma Pamir da 0.5 cm / shekara a Gibraltar.

A ka'idar lithospheric faranti gano cewa, Turai motsa daga Arewacin Amirka a wani kudi na game da 5 cm / shekara. Amma da "filafili" na Antarctica daga kasar Australia a game da 14 cm / shekara. A mafi sauri na Oceanic faranti - su ne 4-7 sau fi nahiyar gudu. Ya fi sauri - Pacific farantin da slowest - Eurasian.