Ireland, Dublin. Flag of Ireland - photo. Dublin - Tarik

A arewacin Turai, akwai mai ban mamaki kyakkyawa da ta kasa - Ireland. Dublin - babban birnin kasar na jumhuriya. A birni ne ayi a mahaɗar tsakãninsu da shafin. Lofii a Dublin Bay, wanda aka located in da Irish Sea. Its yanki ne daidai da ɗari da goma sha biyar murabba'in kilomita. Dublin ne babban tashar jiragen ruwa na kasar, a Bugu da kari, ya hidima a matsayin cibiyar siyasa, tattalin arziki da kuma al'adu rayuwa na jihar.

Asalin sunan

An yi imani da cewa kalmar "Dublin" ya bayyana a sakamakon hadewar biyu Irish kalmomi - "dubh" da "Linn", wanda fassara a matsayin "pool" da "black." Duk da haka, wasu masu bincike sun tambaye wannan version, bayar da shawara cewa babban birnin kasar da sunan da aka kafa daga Scandinavian kalma hade «djup Lind» - «m creek." Duk da haka, mafi masana tarihi da kuma masana ilimin harsuna, da farko wani zaɓi alama more plausible.

Ta yaya za a iya zamani Irish kira su birnin a cikin harshe? Baile Átha Cliath. Fassara, yana nufin "shiri a hyundai." Wannan dogon suna ne sau da yawa maye gurbinsu da raguwa KA. A wani zamani birnin da gauraye Anglo-Irish version of sunan a kan wani par tare da 'yan qasar Irish.

tarihi bayanai

Ancient ko wannan kasar - Ireland? Dublin, misali, a 140 BC ya riga wani cikakken fledged Celtic yarjejeniya tare da sufi. Ya daga baya ya zama mai karfi na Scandinavian mulkokin a tsibirin. A 902, da Vikings fitar daga Dublin, tare da asalin mutanen, amma kangararrun Scandinavians koma zuwa iyakar ƙasar a cikin 917 a 1014 a yakin Clontarf, a cikin abin da Celts jagorancin sarkinsu Brian Boru ci Viking sojojin. Kadawa jam'iyyar bin da zaman lafiya manufar yarjejeniyar da wance, da barin Vikings mulki a ƙasashensu na gaba da karnuka uku.

Middle Ages

A 1169 aka mamaye dakarun na Henry II Plantagenet Ireland. Dublin a sakamakon nasarar da invaders zama karfi na gwamnatin Birtaniya. Saboda da amincewa da Paparoma, Henry II aka zayyana Ubangijin Ireland da kuma waccan mujalla da muka sarauta gari. Wannan ya faru a 1171. Sa'an nan kuma, Anglo-Norman nasara fara rayayye sha da na gida da al'adu, koyi da Irish harshe da al'adu. Tun daga nan, da kuma fara wani kusa, ko da yake ba ko da yaushe wani sauki dangantaka tsakanin Irish da Turanci.

mulkin mallaka

Tudor ta nemi tabbatar da cewa ta yi biyayya da dukan Ireland. Dublin a matsayin babban gari na tsibirin ya kasance na musamman sha'awa.

A 1592, godiya ga kokarin Sarauniya Elizabeth ta farko, a cikin babban birnin kasar na kwaleji "Triniti" da aka kafa. Ya kasance mai Protestant makaranta domin Irish nobility. Dublin arziki iyalan ƙi, don ilmantar da 'ya'yansu a can. Maimakon haka, na gida nobility kulla zuriya tafi Katolika makarantu a nahiyar.

Daga bisani, Birtaniya hukumomi sun sanya wani yawan canje-canje domin gabatar da Katolika rinjaye na ta da bukatun. Saboda wannan dalili, da ake kira sabon Birtaniya kafa tsatso a kasar ta gwamnati. Wannan halin da ake ciki da aka lura sai karni na sha tara.

A cikin 1640s, dubban 'yan Protestants, suka gudu zuwa Dublin. A babban birnin kasar ya kan gab da tawaye. Tarzoma aka kauce masa, amma Katolika sun kasance a cikin 'yan tsirarun.

Physiographic siffofin

Modern Dublin ne zuwa kashi biyu wajen daidaita sassa - arewa da kuma kudu - kogi Liffey. Yana gudana daga yamma zuwa gabas da gudana a cikin Irish Sea. A kogin na dogon lokaci riskarsa kamar wata matsala saboda tsananin waterlogging a kan yammacin kashi da bakinka. Domin da dama ƙarni, wannan matsalar da aka warware godiya ga cika da dausayi da kuma tsanani tabbatarwa daga cikin embankments. A halin yanzu, akwai wani hali da ya dauke da matakin na ruwan Liffey.

yanayin data

Ne m sauyin yanayi a Dublin? Babban birnin kasar ne halin da kananan canje-canje a cikin zazzabi, m winters da sanyi kuma lokacin bazaar. Warmest a watan Yuni da Yuli. Ruwan sama a Dublin game da biyu sau da ƙananan fiye da a Yammacin Ireland, kuma shi ne kamar a cikin London. Mafi sau da yawa ta ruwa a watan Agusta, kuma Disamba. Very bushe weather, yawanci a watan Afrilu. A talakawan shekara-shekara ruwan sama ne a 762 mm. Wannan shi ne kasa da, misali, a New York, Sydney ko Dallas.

Geographic taswirar Dublin ba ka damar ganin cewa birnin ne a wani babban latitud. A saboda wannan dalili, a cikin babban birnin kasar, a lokacin rani na iya zama wani haske zuwa goma sha tara sa'o'i a rana, da kuma a cikin hunturu - kafin tara.

A birni ne daya daga cikin safest cikin sharuddan bala'o'i. Ya kasance ba ji tsoro na tsunamis, da raurawar asa, mahaukaciyar guguwa da tornadoes. A Dublin wani lokacin fashe karfi da kuma gusty iskõki, amma Ireland sha daga gare su, fiye da sauran birane.

Masana sun gano wani kananan zazzabi bambanci tsakanin cibiyar da kuma karkata daga cikin babban birnin kasar. Saboda haka, a cikin zuciya na gari ga biyu ko uku digiri warmer. Coldest a watan Disamba, Janairu da Fabrairu. A lokacin daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu snow iya fada, amma shi yawanci yakan narke a cikin hudu zuwa biyar kwana. Saukar aradu ne m, yawanci a lokacin rani.

ikon tsarin

A birni ne karkashin iko da Dublin City Majalisar. Wannan wakilin jiki. Zaben na mambobi ana gudanar a kowace shekara biyar. A wurin da Majalisar iya isa wakilan biyu al'umma da kuma jam'iyyun siyasa. Shi ne mafi girma sashin jiki na birni hukumomi a duk Ireland. Majalisar hulda da gyara da takardar kudi, iko da birni kasafin kudin. Bugu da kari, a kuma mayar da hankali yanki - ingancin hanyoyi, samar da ruwa da kuma kiwon lafiya. A key adadi na jiki - birnin sarrafa. Jamhuriyar ofishin aka located in wani gini a kan kudu embankment. Liffey kusa da cibiyar babban birnin kasar.

Tattalin arzikin, kayayyakin more rayuwa

A sabon karni zo da shi wani gagarumin karuwa a cikin jindadin daga cikin mazaunan na Jamhuriyar Ireland. Dublin (photo na wannan kyakkyawan birni aka gabatar a cikin labarin) a wannan batun ne ba togiya. Yanzu ya rika sha shida wuri a cikin ranking na mafi tsada birane a duniya. A lokaci guda Hakkin ne ma yana cikin mafi girma.

Babban reshe na gari ga dama ƙarni aka Brewing. A sanannun foamy sha Guinness aka brewed a Dublin tun 1759. A halin yanzu a cikin birnin aiki da yawa masana'antu da ƙungiyoyi kwarewa a samar da pharmaceutical kayayyakin. Bugu da kari, manyan kamfanoni tsunduma a bayanai da fasaha, ma, suna da ofisoshin a Dublin da kewayenta. Daga cikin wadannan Refayawa Google, Microsoft, PayPal, Amazon, da kuma Yahoo!. Company Hewlett Packard da Intel mallaki manyan masana'antu a Kidler County, dake goma sha biyar kilomita yamma da babban birnin kasar.

Kwanan nan a Dublin tattalin arzikin kara karfafa matsayin na banki. Saboda haka, birnin nasarar aiki Commerzbank da Citibank reshe.

A lokacin da tattalin arziki da albarku tsananta yi, kuma a yau wannan yanki yana dauke da babban tushen jobs. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2007 Dubliners fuskanci matsalar rashin aikin yi saboda gaskiyar cewa, tsari ya kasance gaba na bukatar a aiki kasuwa. Yau, rayayye gano Seedy masana'antu yankunan na birnin, akwai wani girma yawan gine-gine na daban-daban kwatance. Daga cikin tsare-tsaren domin nan gaba - da gina jirgin karkashin kasa.

A birnin akwai huɗu da cibiyoyin mafi girma ilimi. Mafi shahara daga cikinsu - Jami'ar Dublin, shi ne kuma mafi tsufa.

A fanni na al'ada

Dublin - mahaifar yawa talented mutane. A dukan duniya ya sani game da shahararrun mutane haife a cikin wannan birni. Daga cikin su akwai Semyuel Bekket, George. George Bernard Shaw kuma Uilyam Batler Yeyts, Dzhonatan Svift da Oskar Uayld da Bram Stoker. Duk da haka, ya fi shahara Dublin godiya ga kerawa na James Joyce. Shi ne daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa zamani a wallafe-wallafe. Hoto na marubuci za a iya gani ko da a wata hamsin doka. Joyce ayyukan suna cike da nishadi da bayani daga rayuwar da tsaransa wanda ya rayu a Dublin.

A babban birnin kasar, ya bude National Museum of heraldry. Yana da aka kafa kan shẽkara ɗari da suka wuce - a 1908, kuma yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin gidajen tarihi a duniya na irin wannan batutuwa. Babu kasa ban sha'awa shi ne su ziyarci Irish Museum of Art Modern.

Dublin. gani na gari

St. Patrick ta Cathedral shi ne mafi girma na irin Tsarin cikin Ireland. A lokaci daya da shi shi ne shahararren mazaunin Dzhon Svift, wanda ya zama sananne godiya ga aikinsa kira "Gulliver ta tafiyarka."

Dublin Castle ne yanzu a wuri na sāke wuri na tsibirin gwamnati. Yana da aka gina a kan umarni na King Ioanna Bezzemelnogo domin kare daga hare-haren da Normans. A castle ne bude wa yawon bude ido, idan aka ba da aka gudanar muhimmanci gwamnatin tarurruka.

"Spire na Dublin" shi ne wani gine-gine da rinjaye daga cikin birnin. Wannan abin tunawa ne a bayyane daga kusan duk wuraren da babban birnin kasar. The zane na "allura" ne mai sauki: a 121 mita sama hawa a hankali tapering karfe spire.

Dublin Territory Botanical Garden ne da gaske m: a kan ashirin da biyar da gona wajen kadada ne fiye da mutum dubu ashirin da fadi da dama Flora daga kewayen duniya. Wannan wuri an girmamawa kira a matsayin kore zuciya na birnin Dublin.

Gani na birnin ba ya kawo karshen akwai. A fi so wuri don tafiya Dubliners ko da yaushe kira Aljannar ambaton. Akwai tunawa a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da waɗanda suka ba da rayukansu don walwala da kuma 'yancin kai na tsibirin. Duk da kaico hanyar, wannan wuri shi ne cike da rai-tsantsan halitta ƙawa.

A gida zoo za ka iya sha'awan a matsayin na kowa gida dabbobi da kuma rare wakilan fauna. Abin lura shi ne cewa ma'aikatan wannan ma'aikata ta duk yana nufin tallafawa kwaikwaiyo na mafi halitta mazauninsu na unguwanni.

hanyoyi na motsi

Metropolitan kai cibiyar sadarwa da aka wakilta high-gudun lantarki jiragen kasa da kuma motocin. Farashin tikiti dabam dangane da tsawon na tafiya da yake a cikin kewayon 1.65-4.3 Tarayyar Turai. A sayarwa ne tikitoci da suke da inganci a cikin jiragen kasa da kuma motocin. Matsayin mai mulkin, da aikin na birane kai farawa a shida da safe da kuma ƙare a rabin da suka wuce goma sha dare. A lokacin holidays, wannan zamani za a iya mika ta gida gwamnati.

mahada

A sadarwa tsarin na birni ya gana da mafi stringent matsayin da sharudda. A wani iri-iri Metropolitan tarho inji, tare da tsabar kudi za ka iya biya da wani banki katin. Duk da haka, ya kira domin na musamman tarho katunan kudin da yawa mai rahusa saya su a cikin manyan Stores, a duk newsagents da gidajen.

Mobile sadarwa a fadin tsibirin aiki a kan GSM misali. Tare da wannan yawo sabis samuwa ga masu rinjaye na kasashen waje baƙi. Alternative - saya da wani Dan Ailan SIM-katin. The rare gida aiki - O2 da Vodafone.

Fita ga World Wide Web iya zama a cikin wani babban sashen na sadarwa, ko a wani internet cafe.

jihar alama

Ireland Flag (photos za a iya gani a kasa) ne a panel kunshi uku makada. Suna fentin a cikin wadannan launuka: fari - a cikin cibiyar, kore - mashin baki, orange - suna da free. A wannan yanayin, na farko launi alama ce ta lumana dangantaka tsakanin addinai, na biyu - Katolika, da uku - Furotesta. Domin da farko lokacin da flag yi a matsayin kasa alama ce a 1916. Sai aka tashe a kan babban birnin gidan waya a lokacin bikin Easter.

Dublin lokaci

A kowace shekara a kasar samar hasken rana-ceton lokaci. Arrow yayin canjawa sa'a a gaba. Saboda haka, akwai wani sabawa daga GMT for sittin minti. A 2014, gwamnatin rikon kwarya ya faru a kan Maris 30 da kuma Oktoba 26 Dubliners zai fassara kibiyoyi na agogon baya sa'a daya.

ƙarshe

Sama ya bayyana a cikin daki-daki, babban birnin wannan lovely kasashen Turai kamar Ireland. Island taswira, kuma tutar wuri suna nuna sama da hotuna. Muna fatan cewa mai rumfa yawon shakatawa ya taimake ku samar da wani ra'ayi game da wannan birni.