Dust hadari: haddasawa, sakamakon. Inda akwai turɓãya, hadari?

Wadannan yanayin events yi gagarumin taimako ga gurbatawa na cikin yanayin duniya. Shi ne daya daga cikin mutane da yawa m halitta sabon abu da masana kimiyya da sauri samu wani sauki bayani.

Wadannan m yanayin sabon abu - ƙura hadari. Don ƙarin bayani game da su za a tattauna a talifi.

definition

Dusty ko yashi hadari - wani sabon abu canja babbar yawa yashi da ƙura high iskõki, tare da wani kaifi tabarbarewar a ganuwa. Yawanci, wadannan mamaki fãra a kan ƙasar.

Wannan m yankuna na duniya, inda iska igiyoyin kawo iko girgije daga turɓãya a cikin teku. Bugu da ƙari, wakiltar wani babba hatsari ga mutumin da yafi a ƙasar, sai suka Duk da haka ƙwarai rage da nuna gaskiya da iska, haka ne yin shi da wuya don tsayar da surface daga cikin teku daga sarari.

A Sanadin da Dust Bowl

Duk da al'amarin a cikin mummunan zafi, saboda wani karfi bushewa ƙasa, sa'an nan da surface Layer karya up cikin microscopic gaɓũɓuwa, aka tsince tsananin iska.

Amma ƙura hadari fara a lokacin da wasu m dabi'u na iska gudu, dangane da ƙasa da ƙasa tsarin. Domin mafi part suka fara a iska gudu a cikin kewayon 10-12 m / s. A rauni kasa a rawayar} asa ƙura hadari faruwa a lokacin rani, ko da a gudu of 8 m / s, a kalla a 5 m / s.

hali

A tsawon lokaci da hadari dabam daga minti zuwa kwanaki da dama. Mafi sau da yawa, lokacin auna a hours. Alal misali, a fannin da Aral Sea 80-hour hadari da aka rubuta.

Bayan bacewar da Sanadin bayyana sabon abu tãyar da kura daga surface na duniya ne, a cikin iska a dakatar da jihar for 'yan sa'o'i, yiwu kwanaki. A cikin wadannan lokuta, ta babbar taro canja wuri na iska ya kwarara a cikin daruruwan har ma dubban kilomita. Mai suna da iska a tsawon nisa daga tushen ƙura aka kira advective hazo. Tropical iska taro na hazo canjawa wuri zuwa kudancin Rasha da kuma cikin Turai daga Afirka (arewacin yankunan) da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya. A yammacin kõguna sau da yawa ya yi irin kura daga kasar Sin (cibiyar da arewa) a kan Pacific Coast, da sauransu. D.

launi

Dust hadari da launuka iri-iri da ta dogara a kan ƙasa tsarin da kuma launi. Akwai hadari a cikin wadannan launuka:

• baki (black kasa na kudancin da kuma kudu-maso-gabashin yankuna na Turai Rasha, Orenburg yankin da kuma Bashkortostan).
• rawaya da launin ruwan kasa (hankula na Amurka da kuma Asiya ta tsakiya - baƙin yumɓu da kuma yashi loam).
• ja (ja-launin baƙin ƙarfe oxides gona na Afghanistan da kuma Iran hamada.
• fari (gishiri Marshes Kalmykia wasu yankunan na Turkmenistan da Volga yankin).

labarin kasa hadari

Da ya faru na ƙura hadari faruwa a wurare daban-daban na duniya. Babban yankin na rarraba da suke kusa da hamada na wurare masu zafi da kuma temperate yanayin zones, kuma duka hemispheres na duniya.

Kullum, da kalmar "ƙura hadari" da aka yi amfani da lõkacin da ta auku a kan baƙin yumɓu ko lãka gona. Lokacin da ta auku a fako (misali Sahara, Kyzylkum, Karakum da sauransu.), Kuma ma da karami barbashi, iska ta fãɗa da iska miliyoyin ton da ya fi girma barbashi (yashi), riga da Kalmar "yashi hadari" aka mora.

M ƙura hadari faruwa a Balkhash da Aral Sea yankin (kudancin Kazakhstan), a yammacin ɓangare na Kazakhstan, a kan Caspian Sea, a Karakalpakstan da Turkmenistan.

Inda akwai turɓãya, hadari a Rasha? Mafi sau da yawa da suka faru a cikin Astrakhan da Volgograd yankuna, a Tuva, Kalmykia, kazalika a Altai da Trans-Baikal yankuna. Sã'õ'in tsawo fari, hadari zai iya ci gaba (ba a kowace shekara) a cikin gandun daji-steppe da steppe bangarori na Chita, Buryatia, Tuva, Novosibirsk, Orenburg, Samara, Voronezh da Rostov yankuna, a yankin Krasnodar, da kuma Stavropol Biranan, a cikin Crimea, da sauransu.

Babban kafofin na m hazo a cikin Arabian Sea - shi ne cikin hamada na kasar Larabawa da kuma Afirka. Kadan lalacewa a wadannan wurare kawo Iran ta hadari, Pakistan da kuma Indiya.

A cikin Pacific Ocean ƙura hadari kawo Sin.

Kare Muhalli sakamakon da Dust Bowl

The bayyana sabon abu iya matsar da babbar dunes da kuma canja wurin mai yawa daga turɓãya haka cewa gaban na iya bayyana a matsayin mai yawa da kuma high ƙura bango (har zuwa 1.6 km.). Akuma daga hamadan Sahara hadari da aka sani da "sandstorm", "Khamsin" (Misira da kuma Isra'ila) da kuma "habub" (Sudan). Mafi yawa a cikin Sahara hadari faruwa a cikin m rabo da Bodélé mawuyacin fili Mali iyakoki Mauritania da Algeria.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin past 60 shekaru da yawan Saharar ƙura hadari ya karu da kimanin 10 sau, haddasa wani babba rage a cikin kauri daga cikin surface Layer na kasar gona a Chadi, Najeriya. Don kwatanta ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin Mauritania cikin 60 na karni na karshe ya faru kawai biyu ƙura hadari, da kuma yanzu a shekara akwai aka lura a 80 hadari.

Masana kimiyya, muhalli yi imani da cewa m hali zuwa yankunan m na Duniya, musamman, kyalewa da tsarin na amfanin gona juyawa, consistently take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a hamada yankunan da canjin yanayi a Jihar duniyarmu a kan duniya sikelin.

hanyoyin da za a magance

Dust hadari, kazalika da yawa wasu na halitta mamaki da kawo babban lahani. Domin rage ko ma hana su illa dole ne bincika ƙasa - taimako, microclimate, rinjaye iska shugabanci a nan kuma yi related ayyuka da cewa zai rage iska gudun kusa da ƙasa surface da kuma kara mannewa na kasar gona barbashi.

Don rage iska gudun, don gudanar da wasu ayyuka. A dukan wuraren da ya halitta wani tsarin na tsara belts da fuka-fuki. Babba sakamako a kan kara mannewa na kasar gona barbashi ba ba-har plowing, tattaka hagu, perennial ciyawa, tube na perennial ciyawa cike da koyaswa albarkatu shekara-shekara amfanin gona.

Wasu daga cikin shahararrun yashi da ƙura hadari

Alal misali, mun bayar da ku a jerin daga cikin shahararrun yashi da ƙura hadari:

• A 525 BC. e., bisa ga Herodotus, a cikin Sahara, a wani sandstorm mutu 50000th sojojin sarki Cambyses Farisa.
• A 1928 a Ukraine m iska dauke Bole miliyan 15. Ton na baki gona daga wani yanki na 1 da miliyan sq. Km, na da ƙura aka koma a cikin Carpathians, Romania, da kuma Poland, inda suka zauna.
• A shekarar 1983, karfi hadari ga arewa na jihar Victoria a Australia ya rufe birnin Melbourne.
• A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2007 a Karachi da Baluchistan da Sindh lardunan akwai wani karfi hadari da torrential ruwa sama sosai da cewa ya bi shi, sun kai ga mutuwa na game da mutane 200.
• A May 2008, a Mongolia saboda wani yashi hadari kashe mutane 46.
• A watan Satumba na 2015 mai tsanani "Sharav" (sandstorm) share a kan ya fi girma yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma Arewacin Afrika. Hard buga Isra'ila, Misira, Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia da kuma Syria. Akwai wadanda suka jikkata.

A karshe, a bit na Extraterrestrial ƙura hadari

Mars ƙura hadari faruwa kamar haka. Saboda da karfi bambanci a zazzabi tsakanin kankara kauri da dumi iska a gefen kudancin iyakacin duniya hula duniya Mars akwai karfi da iska, ƙura girgije dagawa babbar ja-kasa-kasa. Kuma a nan akwai da take nufi. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa Mars ƙura iya wasa guda rawa a matsayin duniya girgije. Dumama yanayi na faruwa ne ta sha na hasken rana haske da kura.