Foliated lichens: description, halaye, da tsarin da kuma siffofin

Lichens ne symbiotic kungiyar na fungi, kore algae da cyanobacteria. Sunan zo daga kama da kwayoyin zuwa su bayyanar da wasu fata cututtuka, da kuma fassara daga Latin matsayin "shingles."

description symbiotes

Su bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasar, kuma zai iya girma daidai da kyau a sanyi m ƙasa, kuma a cikin zafi Hamada. Su launi na iya zama sosai bambancin launi: ja, rawaya, fari, blue, da launin ruwan kasa, baki. Ginshikai na samuwar lichens ba cikakken gane. Amma tare da daidaito zamu iya cewa su samuwar shafi hasken rana. Akwai crustose, bushy da foliated lichens. Thallus farko kamar ɓawon burodi, wanda bãyukansu zuwa substrate. Su ne kananan (2-3 cm), hade da juna don girma a farfajiya na bishiya, kankara ta samar da conglomerates tare da diamita na dubun santimita. Bushy - mafi m kwayoyin cewa girma vertically, kuma zai iya kai mitoci da dama a tsawo. Amma a cikin wannan labarin, za mu tattauna na biyu jinsin kwayoyin, da bayyanar da tsarin da foliated lichens kama su form ganye daga itatuwa.

Mene ne tsarin abubuwa kunshi

Thallus ko thallus - yana da wani ɓangare na single-celled ko kwayar fungi, mosses da lichens. Idan muka kwatanta da shuke-shuke, domin su shi ne su matasa kore reshe. A thallus ko iya zama leaf-bushy.

GIFA - filamentary tsarin kamã da gizo-gizo yanar gizo. Yana da wani Multi-core da Multi-salon salula. Kuma aka yi nufi ga sha na gina jiki, ruwa da kuma kamar yanar gizo za a iya amfani da shi don kamawa da sauran kwayoyin (msl, fungi da yara).

Substrate - surface ga abin da abu yana da nasaba. Shi ne kuma mai kiwo ƙasa domin wasu daga cikin shuke-shuke da lichens.

Bayyanar foliated lichens

A thallus da taso siffar, leaf-dimbin yawa da farantin-dimbin yawa, wani lokacin ya kunshi daya ko dama sassa. A hyphae girma a gefuna ko tare da radius daga cikin da'irar. Foliose lichens da siffar sloevidnoy farantin located a kan substrate kwance hanya. Daidaitar thallus form dogara da surface na substrate. Abin da ya sa ya fi daidai, da Bole zagaye zai yi kama da lichen.

An haɗe zuwa kasa na shi tare da taimakon wani lokacin farin ciki short kara, located in tsakiyar thallus. Sama farantin diamita ba more 20-30 cm ne quite lokacin farin ciki da leathery. Shade shi iya bambanta daga duhu kore ko launin toka to ruwan kasa da kuma baki. Suna girma sosai a hankali, amma foliated lichens dan kadan da sauri fiye da sauran iri. Bugu da kari, su ne dogon-rayu. Wasu fronds ne fiye da shekara dubu. Akwai dangantaka ta kai tsaye tsakanin substrate da duration na immobility lichen rayuwa.

tsarin

Foliated lichens thallus da biyu matakan, saboda su dorsovertralnym tsarin. Wannan shi ne, suna da wata saman da kasa surface. A na sama na m ko santsi, wani lokacin rufe protuberances, tubercles da cilia warthogs. A kasan akwai jikinsu, da wanda lichen a haɗe zuwa substrate. Bisa ga tsarin, shi kuma iya zama da santsi, ko m. Dukansu sassa su ne ba kawai form amma kuma launi tsanani.

A karkashin madubi, a fili rarrabe hudu main ilimin Halittar Jiki yadudduka:

• babba sãniya.
• tsiren ruwan teku.
• core.
• ƙananan saniya.

Foliated lichens ake loosely a haɗe zuwa surface na substrate kuma an sauƙi rabu da shi. Amma tsakanin thallus da kuma tushe ba airbag. Yana amfanin jiki da oxygen ne wani ɓangare na lichen, dauke da fitar gas musayar, da kuma na taimaka wa jari da kuma riƙe danshi. Hyphae suna a haɗe ne na musamman da wasu gabbansa - rhizoid.

Thallus ne guda rikodin, to, shi ne monofilament, ko dama yadudduka kira polifilnym. A karshen basu da kafafu, su tushe ne matabbata ga surface, don haka suka Bole damƙarSa ce, a substrate. Su ba su ji tsoron iskõki, mahaukaciyar guguwa da sauran inclement weather. Thallus za a iya dissected cikin hannun jari, yanke a gefuna, shi ne zuwa kashi lobes. Wani lokacin bayyanar lichen yayi kama da hadaddun yanar gizo na yadin da aka saka masana'anta.

baza

Foliated lichens girma a wuraren da babban adadin hazo da dama. Su za a iya samu a kowace nahiyar, ciki har da Antarctica, ko sanyi. Su za a iya sanya a kan danda duwatsu da kankara, a cikin kututturan itatuwa da kuma shrubs, gansakuka-rufe kututture, a kan tsohon gine-gine gine-gine. Suna girma tare da hanyoyi, a cikin Marshes, gandun daji gefuna da bushe fadamun. Amma, su Gwargwadon wuri da kuma sau biyu saboda da zabi na substrate. Lokacin da muhalli lichens sau da yawa canza launi kusa da duhu kuma launin toka. A ƙasa kwayoyin girma musamman luxuriantly, rufe sararin yankunan ƙasar. Wadannan sun hada da reindeer gansakuka (cladonia gandun daji).

Nau'in foliated lichens

Fadin duniya, shimfiɗa ta a kan 25 dubu. Lichens. Idan ka raba kwayoyin a kan substrate to wanda suka fi son zuwa a haɗe, zai iya zama:

• Na Ground - located a kan ƙasa, ko yashi (msl, ruwan kasa Parmelee, hypogymnia nephroma, Solorina).
• Epilithic - a haɗe zuwa duwatsu, duwatsu (Girofora, collema, Ksantor, Tsetrariya).
• Epiphytic - girma a kan itatuwa da kuma shrubs, mafi yawa a kan ganye da kuma mai tushe (Parmelee, Fistsiya, Tsetrariya, Lobar, Candelaria).
• Epiksilnye - located a kan matattu itatuwa, kututture ba tare da haushi, da ganuwar tsohon gine-gine (hypogymnia, parmeliopsis, Ksantor).

Yana dole ne a tuna da cewa wannan HALITTAR iya hada da iri foliated thalli, kuma tare da bushy, ko tsaka-tsakin.

lichen Parmelee

A cewar ta ciki tsari ne sosai kama da kore alga. Its surface iya zama rawaya, launin ruwan kasa da gaban kore, baki da fari inclusions. Rhode Parmelee - foliose lichen, wanda ya hada da game da 90 jinsin, kawai a cikin ƙasa na Rasha, ya yanka a cikin manyan sassa na thallium. Its ruwan wukake iya zama duka narrower da kuma fadi. Yana tsiro daidai da kyau a cikin kututturan itatuwa da duwatsu, shi adapts najasa birane da sauyin yanayi. A siffar wannan rai gabar ne don haka bambancin da cewa ya tabbatar da cewa lichens suna classified kawai a bayyanar ba ko da yaushe bu mai kyau. A lokacin yakin duniya na II, da foda daga Parmelee aka yi amfani da su dakatar da jini da raunuka. Har ila yau, an kara zuwa gari, don kare shi daga kwari da kuma ƙara da shiryayye rai.

Foliated lichens, waɗanda sunayensu suke m ba kawai a kan tsarin da kuma siffar, amma kuma da Aura na mazauninsu, substrate ra'ayoyi ne sosai bambancin. Yawancin su suna amfani da masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. Suna ciyar da manyan kananan shanu. Kwanan foda suna yadu amfani da abinci Additives constituting magunguna. Tsetrarii, misali, amfani a yi na anti-zawo, to ta da tsarin na rigakafi, daidai a cikin narkewa kamar fili, da kuma shi ne wani ɓangare na da yawa antiviral kwayoyi.