Count Panin Nikita Ivanovich: biography, ayyuka da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Count Panin Nikita Ivanovich - high dignitary a Empress Elizabeth da kuma Catherine Alekseevna, wayo da dabara da kuma jami'in diflomasiyyar, malama na Crown Prince, ya kafa na farko Rasha kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, wanda ya rage autocracy. Wannan shi ne taƙaitaccen bayanin da ayyukan a kotu na biyu empresses. Yanzu mun dauki mukalli, abin da hali dabiu mallaki Count Nikita Panin. Tarihinsa ne cike da hankali maneuvering, kuma duk da haka ya mutu cikin kunya.

farkon shekaru

Nikita Panin aka haife shi a Danzig a 1718, Maris 31, a wani iyali na manya ba musamman m, amma sosai lafiya. Sun yi imani da cewa kakanninsu da suka Italiya daga birnin Lucca. Bayan shekaru uku, ya na da kane Bitrus. Brothers kwashe su aminci cikin ransa. A sansanin soja Pernove mahaifinsa shi da Kwamandan. Suka kana girma sama da aka ilimi a gida. Kamar yadda al'ada, da haihuwar Count Panin da aka rubuta a cikin Guards. A 22, yana da daraja na ƙaho, suka bauta wa a kotu.

diplomasiyya aiki

Bayan juyin mulkin, a 1741 a kotun akwai m bikin. Kan matasa da kuma kyau guardsman, ya samu daraja da mutum daga cikin ɗakin kwananka, sai ya juya ta da hankali na gaisuwa Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. A cewar daya labari, ya barci tare da nada kwanan wata na sarauta iyali. Bayan wannan zargi da aka aika zuwa Copenhagen sa'an nan a Stockholm a 1747. Watakila shi ya daban-daban. Sa'an nan taka rawar da kotun rikici, wanda ya fi so wuri ya kasance ba Panin, da kuma wani matashi da kyau V. Shuvalov. Duk da haka dai, kotun ya jũya zuwa ga jami'in diflomasiyyar, da cika fuska canza ya biography. Nikita Panin "makale" a kan wani post na jakadan, a Stockholm, kuma yana da shi shekaru 12 da.

Sa'an nan da aka karamin, m, sanyi da kuma damp birni. Nikita Ivanovich rasa wani lokaci kuka da kansa. Ya karanta abubuwa da yawa, nazarin Swedish daular mulkinsu, wanda ya takaita majalisar. Ya zama na gaba canza. Count Panin zama mai taimako ga tsarin mulkin daular mulkinsu, da hankali da kuma basira jami'in diflomasiyyar kuma siyasa. Kamar yadda da ra'ayoyin da haske zurfin tunani kãma, haka ma, ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa Rasha yana zuwa magance Birtaniya ga tasiri a cikin Baltic yankin.

Wani sabon milestone a cikin aiki

Ya zama majiɓinci, kansila AP Bestuzhev-Ryumin, suka fāɗa cikin wulakanci ne a cikin 1758, Panin Nikita Ivanovich da murabus, amma kwatsam, da kuma samu kansa a 1760 da Elizabeth na daga high ofishin - malami Tsarevich Paul Petrovich, wanda ya har shekara bakwai.

Panin: malama kuma jami'in diflomasiyyar

Count Panin samu da "key" matsayi. Yana iya shafar nan gaba na Rasha monarch. Mutane da yawa daga cikin kotu ba ya so ya gani a kan kursiyin da baƙo, wanda contrasted tare da flighty hali, Peter III. Sun yarda da su cikin kasar a karkashin su dalĩli mulki matasa Paul I. Amma ya juya waje daban, kwace mulki tare da taimakon 'yan'uwa Orlovyh Ekaterina Alekseevna.

Count Panin cikakken goyon burinsu na sabon shugaba, ya kuma kulla wa almajiri da wani m rayuwa. A a layi daya, da ya yi da aikinsu na wani jami'in diflomasiyyar, aka nada wani kãshi councilor da kuma Sanata, da kotu shi ne har yanzu bai gogu da duniya a kula da harkokin waje da matasa Empress Catherine II. Tare da ita, da ya zama kafa na kungiyar tarayyar na Baltic Amurka karkashin jagorancin Prussia da kuma Rasha.

Panin - malama

Kuma abin da game da matasa Paul? A'a, ya ba a manta da Nikita Ivanovich. Su gaske a haɗe da juna. Panin raha unobtrusive hanyar kokarin qarfafa a cikin almajiri da ra'ayin wani tsarin mulki daular mulkinsu. Abokantaka, ko da yaushe ya bar wani tari na barkwanci da kuma umarni da labaru, mai hikima Nikita Ivanovich azaba Crown Prince koyarwarsa da kuma ba shi da wani yawa na 'yanci.

A gaskiya ma, ya aka maye gurbinsu da mahaifansa biyu. A ƙaramin yaro m ga ideas na Nikita Ivanovich, cewa bai son Empress. Da zaran Paul yana da shekara 17, Panin aka cire daga ofishin. Dukansu: kuma malama, da almajiri, warai gogaggen wulãkanci, tattali da kyau. Ya aka bai hudu dubu serfs, mutum ɗari da dubu rubles, da sabis na azurfa, wanda ya daraja dubu biyar rubles, a gidan a St. Petersburg, caterers da kuma ruwan inabi domin shekara guda, da livery bayinsa, carriages, da shekara-shekara karuwa a albashi, wanda amounted zuwa dubu biyar rubles da riga goma sha huɗu akwai. Duk da haka, Panin har karshen rayuwarsa riƙe tasiri a kan Paul Petrovich, wanda dadin shawararsa.

Dalilin opals

A 1762, Nikita Ivanovich ya wani aiki da Unlimited daular mulkinsu iyakance da m tsarin, da kuma majalisar dattijai ya kasu kashi sassan. A kashi na farko bai son Empress, kuma za dogon a tuna, da kuma na biyu da ta dauki mataki.

An gogaggen jami'in diflomasiyyar

Duk da haka, Panin tabbatar da ba makawa a al'amura na kasashen waje da manufofin. Kusan shekaru ashirin da tare da Empress, ya jagoranci College harkokin waje na kasar. A 1763, ya zama wani babban memba na College. M da kuma irin mutum, sai ya haka, kunã mãsu alfãhari jagoranci tattaunawar cewa musun aka taba ji, da kuma sauraron shi a hankali babbling magana, kasashen waje kasashen manta game da babban burin.

Advocating rapprochement tare da Prussia a cikin manyan matsayi a Rasha, ya ke tare da Catherine II halitta Union of jihohin, wanda tsayayya da Ingila ( "Northern bisa"). Ya yi tsayayya da bangare na Poland da kuma Faransa riba.

A 1765, wata kwangila da aka kammala tare da Copenhagen, a 1766 - yarjejeniya tare da kasar Birtaniya a kan cinikayya. A 1768-74 shekaru bayan da Rasha-Turkish wars canza shugabanci na Catherine II na siyasa, da kuma Panin ya daina zama dole ga Empress. A 1769, Count Panin shiga a cikin mãkirci, wanda aka shirya don kifar da Empress da sarautarsa na Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, wanda ya sha alwashin girmama kundin tsarin guzuri iyakance daular mulkinsu. A mãkirci aka gano, amma Panin hankali cire daga kotu da kuma Grand Duke. A 1780, a lokacin da kwato America daga Birtaniya mulkin mallaka, ya yi aiki ga kasar ta ayyana neutrality. A 1781 ya gaba daya ritaya.

A farko Rasha kundin tsarin mulki

Yana kunshi sassa biyu.

A cikin farko, gabatarwa, bayyana dalilin da ya sa kasar ta na bukatar gwamnati da yi ɗã'a ga dokokin. Ta yaya muhimmanci shi ne ci gaba a kowane lokaci Panin Nikita Ivanovich. A tarihin zamani Rasha - bayyanannu da daidaitar da ra'ayoyi da manufofin da XVIII karni. Authority ɗõra wa Gwamnan a yi aiki ga mai kyau na talakawansa, mai mulkin mutane dole ne a zabi. Wannan ne kafuwar ikon - ta zaben. Siyasa-akai ya dauke masu zaman kansu dukiya. Kuma abin da ta kasance a cikin ta asalin? Wannan Panin ba ce, amma ƙarshe ne bayyananne: hurumin serfs. Idan hallaka feudalism kuma ba free rein, sa'an nan abin da zai faru? Mun san amsar wannan tambaya tun 1862, amma sai ya kasance ba bayyananne.

Next Count Panin Nikita Ivanovich bayyana ra'ayi ba zai iya aiki daga. Ya sketched fitar da wani BBC daga wanda ya bayyana a fili cewa, shugaban kasar dole ne Orthodox, amma duk sauran addinai ba su zalunta. Wajibi ne a gabatar da jũna, wanda baya aikata Paul Petrovich. Kadarori hakkokin da aka ba a kayyade ba, amma shi ya kasance da take. Kotunan kamata kawai aiki a jama'a. Haraji an gabatar da kawai bayan da gwamnatin tattaunawa. Wannan kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, bayan mutuwar sa, ya gãdar da magaji, ya fi so almajiri, amma cewa shi bai samu. Panina ɗan'uwansa, Peter Ivanovich, ganin canje-canje a cikin hali na Paul, bai ba shi da daftarin aiki. Don sun tsira kawai, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa rubuta da ya sakataren D. I. Fonvizinym.

Lokacin da N. I. Panin mutu a 1763 yana da shekaru 65, sa'an nan ya zauna kusa da gadonsa, Paul Petrovich da kuma gudanar da hannunsa. Da zarar iko, sai ya sanya malami da wani abin tunawa a cikin coci na St. Magadaliya a Pavlovsk.

Mutuntakar Count Panin da kuma ban sha'awa facts daga ransa

Tausayi ne, m da yanayi, ya kasance mai girma sybarite. Ba na fita ne daga gado kafin rana tsaka, ba cikin sauri, ya sosai m, kuma duk bai taba kai cin hanci. Ya kasance ba masu hadama ba, aka ba shi da serfs Nikita Ivanovich rarraba da sakatarorin, har da rabo aka karɓa D. I. Fonvizin, nan gaba marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo.

A N. I. Panina, a lover of kyau abinci kasance mafi kyau chefs a cikin birnin. Duk da haka, shi da kansa ya iya daukar domin shirya abinci: dafa oysters a cikin giya da kuma ƙone kanka yayin da cuff. Amma ba ya iya zama lafiya da safe, ya matsu da yamma bayan jibin, kankana. Aure, ya kasance ba, amma domin ta kula da kyau rabin na bil'adama tare da yardar. Bugu da kari, shi ya kasance wani Mason.

Domin mu, zuriyarsa, Count Panin zauna a cikin memory kamar yadda wani fitaccen jami'in diflomasiyyar wanda ya kawo babba amfani Rasha da kuma ƙarfafa matsayinsu a cikin jihohin yammaci.