Mene ne gwaninta daga cikin Sun

Duk wanda ke karanta kalaman kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta, jima ko daga baya, lalle zã fuskanci nassoshi da gwaninta na Jung. A wannan yanayin yana da gaske an epoch-yin samu, da cika fuska shafi kara raya kimiyya. Amma game da kome domin.

Ray haske a cikin duhu na shakka

mu gani haske - wannan shi ne abin da yake kẽwayenku kowane mutum daga haihuwa. Yana da sauki da kuma rikitarwa a lokaci guda. Babu wani abu abin mamaki a gaskiyar cewa akai aka yi ta kokari bayyana abin da yake haske da abin da kaddarorin ne. Daga cikin mabiya daban-daban model ƙone tsanani muhawara, amma ba wanda zai iya kawo ƙarshen sa da wannan al'amari. Wannan ya faru ya zuwa yanzu, ya ba tukuna aka gudanar Jung kwarewa, brilliantly tabbatar da kalaman ka'idar haske.

A baya can shi aka yi imani da cewa haske ne da wani rafi da barbashi - corpuscles. A kadan daga baya, a full daidai da binciken kimiyyar lissafi, photons ana maye gurbin corpuscles. Photon - a barbashi tare da sifilin cajin da taro, kazalika da data kasance kawai a gudun haske. A lokaci guda, Newton har yanzu yana da wani ban sha'awa da kwarewa wajen saka idanu da kaddarorin haske: shi ne dake tsakanin wani mafari da kuma gilashin farantin karfe kuma a concave ruwan tabarau. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya lura ba wani batu source, da zobe (daga baya suna biye da shi). Tun daga nan Young ta gwaji ya ba tukuna aka tsĩrar, Newton iya bayyana da lura daga ra'ayi na ka'idar haske, kunsha na barbashi.

Biyu-tsaguwa gwaji

A karshe, a 1803 T. Jung karshe ya yanke shawarar tabbatar da ko ƙaryatãwa game da corpuscular jarrabawa. Ya shirya da kuma ya yi sauki gwajin da cewa sanya masana kimiyya dauki wani sabo ne look at saba abubuwa. Sun ta da kwarewa da ya nuna cewa haske ne da wani electromagnetic kalaman da wasu halaye.

Opaque sheet kayan da aka dauka, a can an sanya biyu a layi daya kamanta slits da nisa m zuwa wani zango jefarwa da "nunawa" na haske. A nesa daga takardar positioned allo to watch da "halayyar" na duniya. A takardar directed haske juyi daga wani batu Madogararsa. Jung muhawwara gaskiya: idan haske ne wani rafi na barbashi a kan allo don nuna biyu a layi daya Lines. Matsakaicin luminescence tsanani zai je wurin da ya faru na biyu bim, da kuma tsakanin su zai zama mai duhu (opaque sheet). Amma idan da ka'idar corpuscles ba daidai ba ne, hasken kalaman wucewa ta cikin tsaguwa, zai haifar da sakandare taguwar ruwa (manufa kafa a 1678. Huygens). Tun ba su hana yaduwar, sa'an nan, a rubuce, sun isa tsakiyar allon tsakanin tsinkaya daga cikin slits, kuma su kalaman mawadãta, kuma lokaci na wasan. Saboda da tsangwama (superposition) da zai iya kai wa a kalla hasken haske band kawai tsakanin tsinkaya daga kowane rata, wanda zai ce cewa haske - shi ne daya daga cikin manifestations na kalaman disturbances.

Kamar yadda yanzu, aka sani, da corpuscular jarrabawa fadi, kuma ta wuri da aka dauka da kalaman ra'ayi. A kan ya lura makada da daban-daban luminescence tsanani. A mafi daukan hankali - a tsakiyar, sa'an nan maras ban sha'awa, da dai sauransu da watsi da rage shi ne daura da sakandare tsoma baki tãguwar ruwa.

Duk da haka, a cikin lokaci, bayan jerin gwaje-gwajen bayyanãwa, ka'idar da aka gyara. A cewar su, da shi aka zaci cewa haske yana da wani dual yanayi, da kuma bayyana a matsayin kalaman, kuma a matsayin barbashi. A gwaji sakamakon dogara ne a kan wasanni. The latest jimla ka'idar sararin samaniya an sauƙi bayyana: sakamakon da lura an samu daidai da yadda suka so ganin experimenter. Biyuntakar ne muhimmi ba kawai haske, amma kuma wannan alama karatu barbashi kamar electrons.