Matsatsiyar na Magellan. Tarihi na samu

Matsatsiyar na Magellan - wani picturesque duniya na glaciers da duwatsu, wanda aka bude a karo na farko ya wuce daga 21 ga watan Oktoba zuwa 28 ga watan Nuwamba, 1520. Har sai, har sai da aka gina da Panama Canal, mashigar ya kasance muhimmanci ga duniya cinikayya. Har yanzu, ya yi amfani da jiragen cewa zagaya kudancin gefen kudancin Amirka. Pacific da kuma Atlantic tekuna suna da alaka a wancan batu, duk da haka, hanya kuwa ya gangara a tarihi a matsayin unpredictable da hadaddun. A wasu wurare, mashigar na Magellan ne sosai kunkuntar, ba da tsananin iska da kuma igiyoyin, ta hanyar wucewa ta iya zama matsera. Wadannan kwanaki, wanda zai iya ganin wani matsanancin wuri wanda ya ga farkon explorers. Mutane da yawa cruise kamfanonin Amirka miƙa wa yin tafiya tare da sanannen mashigar da kuma gano da m ƙirin, an rufe shi da duwatsu da kuma glaciers.

Ferdinand Magellan - navigator da discoverer, aka haifa a cikin wani daraja iyali a 1480. Ya samu wani kyakkyawan ilimi, aka fascinated da ilmin taurari, karatu cosmography da navigation. Daga cikin matasa, da mafarkinsa na wani sabon hanya aka bude ga "yaji Islands". Ya ne farkon wanda ya ɓullo da shirin da balaguro. Lokacin da Portuguese sarki bai yarda ya nufi, da ya yanke shawarar goyon bayan da Spanish monarch Charles V. haka ne, a cikin 1519 Ferdinand Magellan biyar Spanish jiragen ruwa tanã gudãna daga mulkin. Navigator taba watsi da imani cewa wani wuri a can ne wata hanya zuwa Asia, Western.

The All Saints 'Day a watan Nuwamba 1520, iskar tsakuwa a koro jirãge mãsu gudãna a cikin kunkuntar matsatsiyar, wanda aka kẽwayesu da duwatsu da kuma glaciers. Sa'an nan wani ya tawagar shi ne ba ma sane da yadda wuya tafiya aka jiran ta zo. Suka shiga jirgin ruwa kusan 600 km. ta mashigar, wadda aka mai suna ta Magellan "mashigar All Saints", kuma daga baya sake masa suna ba Sarkin Spain a mashigar na Magellan a daraja daga cikin shahararrun da kuma jarumi Navigator.

Domin shekaru masu yawa, da farko shi ne kawai kyaftin suka gudanar auku matsatsiyar ba tare da asarar. Babu wani daga cikin jirgin da aka farfashe. Har ila yau, shi ne na farko wanda ya ketare daga Atlantic da Pacific.

Matsatsiyar na Magellan ya da wani dogon lokaci mafi guntu hanya kuma mai muhimmanci ciniki hanya tsakanin gabar yammacin kasar na Amirka da kasashen Turai. Mallakeku bakin teku ƙasar, ba ya cin nasara, ko da yake Spain ba kawai kokarin koyi yankin. M karancin abinci da kuma harsh yanayin damina take kaiwa zuwa bala'i. Kawai a cikin karni na 19th mulkin mallaka ya yi nasara. Matsatsiyar na Magellan sarrafawa Chilean hukumomi. A 1848 akwai aka kafa tashar jiragen ruwa birnin Punta bangarori, wanda kafin bude a shekara ta 1914, da Panama Canal ya kasance daya daga cikin muhimman tashoshin jiragen ruwa a duniya.

Matsatsiyar ne dake tsakanin babban yankin Kudancin Amirka da kuma tarin tsiburai na Tierra del Fuego. An kusan gaba ɗaya dake a cikin yankin ruwan Chile, kawai gabashin iyakar nasa Argentina. Its tsawon ne game da 570 km da kuma fadin - 2 km a kunkuntar sarari, kuma har zuwa 20 km - a cikin widest.

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru a cikin tarihi na XVI karni suna tafiya Ferdinand Magellan. Wannan ya ya iya tabbatar da cewa duniya ne mai siffar zobe. da nassi da aka bude daga Atlantic, da kuma Turawa ne na farko da kuros da most teku - da Pacific. Har ila yau, a lokacin balaguro na Columbus aka karyata shawarwari da cewa ƙasar bautarka mafi yawan Duniya ta surface. Magellan gano cewa duk abin da yake daidai gaban. Ya bar wani babban alama a tarihi, ya heroism kamantuwa da kuma ganin darajarsa. Duk shigarwar a cikin tafiya jagoranci A. Pigafetta, suka halarci wannan balaguro a matsayin mai sa kai. Ya tarihi bayanin kula ana halin daidaito na gabatar da tare da musamman bayani.