Marshal AI Egorov.: Biography, tarihin, photos

Alexander Yegorov aka haife Oktoba 25, 1883 a cikin karamin gari na Buzuluk. Ya shi ne auta, na huɗu yaro na talakawa iyali. Akwai alamun cewa yaron ya aikata wani ban mamaki aiki a cikin gaba daya daban-daban kasar zai zama Marshal na Red Army. Kuma duk da haka shi ya faru.

samuwar

Future Marshal Egorov daga yara mafarkin na soja aiki (a zahiri, mahaifinsa kuwa wani jami'in). A 1902, wani saurayi ya shiga Kazan dakaru yar jam'iyyar kadet makaranta. Nazarin da aka bai wa saurayin da sauƙi. A shirin hada lissafi, Rasha harshen, sunadarai, kimiyyar lissafi, da dokar Allah, da jawo, yaren (French zaba Egorov). Akwai kuma na musamman soja batutuwa: .. A overall dabara, soja tarihi, topography, gwamnatin soja, manyan bindigogi, da yawa nazarinsa, da dai sauransu A Junkers nazarinsa koya kayan yau da kullum na makamai.

Soviet Marshal Egorov wani fitaccen aiki soja na sarauta makaranta. A cikin shekaru da ya horo a Kazan School of ban mamaki events faru: Rasha-Japanese War kuma na farko da juyin juya halin, wanda ya fara bayan da Kazamin Lahadi a St. Petersburg. Ciki fermentation na Empire iya ba zai shafi cikin yanayi na cadets. Makaranta ya kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin: da monarchists da kuma 'yan adawa. Je zuwa karshe MUG sãdar da shi kuma nan gaba Marshal Egorov. Shekaru masu yawa daga baya ya lura a cikin tarihin kansa da cewa tun shekara ta 1904, shared da ra'ayoyi da Socialist-yunkuri.

A yakin duniya na farko

Nazarin Yegorov ƙare a watan Afrilu 1905 lokacin da ya ciyar da su leftana kuma ya tafi bauta a cikin 13th Life Grenadier rajimanti Erivan. jami'in ta aiki da yake faruwa da kyau. Tafarkinsa juya juye bayan yakin duniya na farko. A cikin sahu na kyaftin gaba Marshal Egorov ya samu ta baftismar wuta a Bagalike yaƙi, a Kudu-Western Front. A harin farko da ya sa hannu da aka gudanar 13 ga watan Agusta, 1914 a yakin Bousquet. Bayoneti yãƙi ƙare ousting biyu makiya bakinka.

Ba kamar sauran jami'an, Egorov kokarin kula da rundunõninsa. Ya ba su son matsananciyar kuma groundless heroism, kadai sakamakon abin da zai iya zama wani m mutuwa. Ga daya, kawai na farko shekara na yaki kyaftin samu hudu awards. Daga baya suka hadu ne da wasu: da Order of St. Stanislaus 2 nd mataki, kazalika da girmamawa St. George da makamai.

Amma akwai wasu "awards", wanda aka bayar da Marshal Egorov nan gaba. Biography soja zai zama bai cika ba tare da wani ya ambaci da dama suka samu rauni. A watan Agusta shekara ta 1914, makonni biyu bayan barkewar tashin a cikin kusanci Logivitsa jami'in samu wani bindiga harsashi komai a fili a cikin shin. The rauni mutumin da aka sallame su daga asibiti da wuri. A watan Afrilu 1915, a kusa da kauyen na Zarinis Egorova tsanani concussions dako fashewa. A lokacin, ya ba su zauna a cikin asibiti. Wannan ya biyo ta biyu mafi concussions. Sume jami'in da aka kwashe zuwa ga raya. Ya har yanzu koma zuwa gaban line, duk da lameness cewa bayyana.

A May 1916 Egorov sanya wani kyaftin a karon farko a lokacin yaki aika zuwa ga raya. Seconded ya zama kwamandan 4th bataliya, da 196th dakaru Reserve rajimanti, located in Tver.

Wajen juyin juya halin

A karshen 1916 bi da wani sabon alƙawari. Egorov fara umarci 132nd dakaru rajimanti Bendersky, daukan wani matsayi a kan Western Dvina. A wannan lokacin, Alexander Ilyich - riga a Laftanar Kanar. A wannan damar da ya sadu da Fabrairu juyin juya halin. Front musamman kula labarai daga gida gaban. Army gaji ta fada da zubar da jini a shafe tsawon kuma banza yaki.

Mutane da yawa da sojoji da jami'an tare da begen ja shiga siyasa, da tsammanin cewa sabuwar gwamnatin za sauri jagoranci kasar zuwa ga zaman lafiya. Na yi ba togiya kuma bai riga ya faru, Marshal Egorov. Kwamandan soja (bayan Fabrairu juyin juya halin) hukumance shiga cikin Socialist-yunkuri. Abin sha'awa, a cikin Soviet zamanin, Georgy Zhukov , a cikin wasika zuwa Voroshilov tuna a matsayin faduwar 1917 Aleksandr Egorov fili kira Vladimir Lenin mai kasada da kuma Jamus leken asiri.

Za a Red Army

Tare da zuwan su ikon da Bolsheviks kasar ya a kan gãɓar rãmi na yakin basasa. A Disamba 1917 Egorov zo a Petrograd da kuma shiga cikin Red Army. Kamar yadda wani gogaggen jami'in, ya yi aiki a hukumar demobilization da kuma tallafi na sabon ma'aikatan. A wannan mataki aiki Egorov ya hannun dama da shugaban da soja sashen na Jamhuriyar kwamitin zartarwa Avelya Enukidze. Tsohon Bolshevik (na jam'iyyar daga 1898) mai daraja da ikon da makamashi daga cikin matasa kanar.

A cikin bazara na shekarar 1918 Egorov ba kawai dubawa da aikin a kan sake kimantawa hukumar (ta hanyar da shi, misali, wani talented da kuma m bafade Mikhail Tukhachevsky - daya daga cikin na farko biyar shugabanni na Tarayyar Soviet), amma kuma shawarce Jamus fursuna musayar. Ya kuma kullum a lamba tare da Red Cross da wakilan.

A shugaban 9th Army

Agusta 31, 1918 nan gaba Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet Egorov kai} arar da tare da bukatar ka aika shi zuwa sojoji, suka yi yaƙi a cikin yakin basasa. A ranar kafin wannan episode eserka Fanny Kaplan, sanya wani m yunkurin Lenin. Harbi a kusa da Michelson factory kai ga farkon ta'addanci da ta jam'iyyar. Egorov kansa m tare da Socialist-yunkuri a watan Yuli, da kuma filin shiga cikin RKP (b). Ya yi sa'a "canza hanya" an jima, kafin na ga Socialist-yunkuri zai iya kawo karshen kunya da kuma lalata. Duk da haka, da SR da soja auknulos shi da yawa daga baya, a lokacin da a cikin 30th Stalin ya fara duk da-fita tsaftacewa a cikin Red Army.

A watan Agusta na shekarar 1918, wannan Egorov aka nada shugaban 9th Army, mukaddashin a kudancin gaban. Sai ya zama a shafin Kamyshin - Novohopersk da kuma nuna da tasiri na Janar Krasnov. Duk da yake jami'in samu cikin dogon-jiran ganawa, White Balashov yanka da reluwe. Tare da haka m halin da ake ciki da kuma fuskantar nan gaba Marshal Egorov. Biography soja da aka riga cike da wani iri-iri na ayyukan a kan fronts na yakin duniya na farko, don haka shugaban, ba a bit riƙi aback, ya fara sabuntawa na matsayi wannan tarihi.

Babban aiki na Egorov ya da cikakken overhaul na 9th Army. A wani gajeren lokaci, godiya ta zuwa ga nasu makamashi da kuma juriyarsu ya ya iya haifar da wannan sabon samuwar wani ingantaccen manyan karfi. Ya fara aiki aiki a kan Sebryakovsky da Filonovsky kwatance. Godiya ga taimako daga cikin 9th Army Tsaritsyn kare su iya kare yana kokarin muhimmanci birni.

Ajiye Tsaritsyn

A watan Oktoba, shugaban sojojin ya tsanani da rashin lafiya, kuma ya yi wani biyu-wata ziyara a asibiti. A House, ya samu wani sabon aiki. 10th Army wani sabon dabara naúrar, karkashin jagorancin Marshal Egorov. Ranks nasara juna daya bayan daya, amma a kowane sabon wuri da soja ko da yaushe lecturing naka iyakar. Yanzu wani sabon tsanani matsalar da fuskantar da shi - fãce Tsaritsyn, aka sake a hannun fata.

Disamba 19, 1918 magani Egorov suka tafi wajen ƙofar. Duk da yake kwamandan cikin asibiti, inda yake dan lokaci shagaltar da Nikolay Khudyakov (kuma daga baya harbi). A Tsaritsyn Masarauta sosai talauci. Shin ba ya aiki, babu kamfanin (wanin a gun factory). City Party kungiyar hada kan 5000 mutane, amma mutum iko ne har yanzu bai isa ba. Fighting aka faruwa a cikin unguwannin bayan gari. Railroad waƙoƙi, tituna da kuma masana'antu kullum shelled. Janairu 19th, 1919 fata kokarin tafi a kan kankara Volga kuma, da ita gaba daya kewaye da birni.

Egorov fara counterattack kungiyar. Muhimmiyar rawa da shi ya taka sojan doki rabo a karkashin umurnin Boris Dumenko. Janairu 22 ya fara da hari, wanda babban burin da aka karya ta gaban da a raya na fari yawo. A farkon yakin a kusa da farm mike bugo ja kafa biyar maƙiyi sojan doki regiments. Yana gudanar ya karya cikin Davydovka. Janairu 28 isa can, Marshal Egorov. A awards, wanda ya samu a cikin czarist zamanin, aka gaba ɗaya cancanci. Ya ya iya cimma nasara a yaki don Tsaritsyn. A Davydovka Egorov Na gan Budenny, wanda ya maye gurbin Dumenko tsanani da rashin lafiya.

Rauni da kuma komawa zuwa aiki

4 ga Afrilu, 1919, Lenin aika wani sakon waya zuwa Egorova sunan, wanda ya taya heroes of 10th Army da nasarorin a cikin hunturu yaƙin neman zaɓe. A halin yanzu, a kudu tsananta Denikin sojojin, kuma a gabas ta fara m Kolchak. Wadannan horar da sun kusan shafe ta da Red Army Results na Tsaritsyn. A May 1919, a wani yaki a kan bankunan na kogin Sal gaba Marshal da Tarayyar Soviet Egorov (tare da Dumenko) aka munanan raunuka da kuma don wani lokaci daga mataki. Duk da haka, sojoji cewa rana ga gaci. Bayan wannan nasara shi ne babban kwamandan shi ne a wancan lokaci Bolshevik soja lambar yabo - da Order of Red Banner.

Egorov 'yan makonni ciyar a cikin asibitoci na Saratov da Moscow. A watan Yuli, ya koma gaban da ya jagoranci 14th Army. Sa'an nan, a watan Oktoba 1919 - Janairu 1920, Alexander Ilyich yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kudancin Front. Ya aka sanya wa mafi tsanani lokacin da yakin basasa. White, kamar yadda abada, sun kusa Moscow. Oktoba 13 sun dauki Eagle. Kudancin Front hedkwatar a lokacin da aka located in Serpukhov kusa Moscow. A halin da ake ciki shi ne musamman tsanani. A asarar Moscow zai kai ga karshe shan kashi na Bolsheviks.

A kai na Kudancin Front

A duk da kome da kome, Marshal Egorov Alexander Ilyich bai runtse hannunsa. A Lenin ta himma, ya za'ayi canja wuri na West Front na Latvian bindiga Division, dakaru Brigade Pavlov ta sojan doki birged Primakov, kazalika da wasu sauran sassa na PBC. Daga wannan hodgepodge komandyuzh halitta na musamman yajin tawagar. Yana da aka yi da gravedigger nasarar fata.

Jeri fama fara Kromy kuma Eagle. 13th, 14th Army da kuma yakin kungiyar m gidaje Alexandrov Kutepov. Kuma haka dai aka thwarted hari Denikin. A halin yanzu, wani yajin karfi umarta ta Budyonny a Voronezh shugabanci ci da dama farin doki enclosures. Oktoba 25 Revolutionary Soja Council of Southern Front, ya aika da sakon waya ga Lenin, wanda ya ruwaito a cikin dogon-jiran nasara a kan babban karfi na counter-juyin juya halin. A sakon da aka sanya hannu da Stalin, kuma Yegorov.

Disamba 12, da Red Army 'yanci Kharkov, da kuma 16 na - Kiev. A Janairu 1920, da fari Rostov aka barrantar. Tun da Kudancin Front dakarun yi su aiki da kuma ci Denikin ta gudummuwar Army. Hakika, wata babbar gudummawa ga wannan nasara da ya sanya Alexander Egorov. Marshall daga baya ya rubuta wani cikakken tunanin na kwana na kashi da kuma nasarori a cikin yakin basasa.

a Petrograd

A farkon 1921 Yegorov an zabe mataimakin na X Congress na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis. A watan Afrilu, ya zama shugaban Petrograd Soja District. A wannan wuri, da soja ya kasance har sai Satumba 1921. A Petrograd Yegorov shi ya fara magance tare da sakamakon da Kronstadt tawaye. A matuƙan tayar kai tsaye a lokacin X Congress. Domin da Bolsheviks shi mai raɗaɗi duka. Egorov fara sake tsara da jam'iyyar da kuma siyasa aiki a soja raka'a.

The tawagar ma kokawa da yunwa, shan azaba Petrograd. Duk da yake a ainihin iyakar tsiri, ya kafa wani sabon management Border Guards (dabam ga Finnish da Latvian-Istoniyanci iyaka). Wannan ya biyo ta remapping - na farko a kan Western gaba, to, a Caucasian Krasnosnamyonnay sojojin.

m shekaru

A shekarar 1931, Alexander Ilich aka nada babban hafsan Red Army. A wannan rawa, ya zama daya daga cikin na farko biyar shugabanni. A mafi girma ga daraja, a cikin Red Army da aka bai Yegorov ne ba kawai. A lokacin da shekaru na yakin basasa, shi ya kasance wani gwarzo real-Union. Alexander Ilyich mallakar galaxy na generals, ƙirƙira nasara a wani mummunan yaki tare da fata.

Kamar yadda shugaban ma'aikatan na Red Army a peacetime Yegorov gangarawa babban aiki na bunkasa shirin fasaha maimaitawa na sojojin. modernization matsala ne m, a farkon 30s. Sai Revolutionary Soja Council of Tarayyar Soviet Red Army Headquarters umurce su da su ci gaba da sake kayan aiki da kuma maimaitawa. Bayar da rahoton a kan sakamakon wannan yana kokarin aiki mai muhimmanci wadda ta shirya wani rukuni na zabi kwararru. A tawagar da aka karkashin jagorancin Marshal Egorov.

Soja matar Galina Tseshkovsky goyon mata a kowane mataki na rayuwarsa (suka yi aure da baya a tsarist sau). Na yi ba togiya kuma a lokacin da yake ziyara a hedkwatar Red Army. A wannan matsayi, Egorov zauna a rikodin na dogon lokaci. Da dukan aiki kunshi kullum motsi da kuma canza ayyukan. Chief of Staff, ya kasance har sai 1935, lokacin da ya zama shugaban Gaba Staff.

Opal da azãba

A May 1937, Tarayyar Soviet, Marshal Egorov aka sallame daga post Cif na Janar Staff na Red Army (ya aka maye gurbinsu Boris Shaposhnikov). Alexander Ilyich ya zama mataimakin Commissar tsaron. A 1937, canje-canje a cikin sojojin ya dauki wani taro hali. Shi nan da nan ya bayyana cewa, sun kasance Malamai Ma'abuta Jihadi, da mummunan purges na Red Army. A cikin mahallin da filament na siyasa halin da ake ciki a Turai (Jamus, da Nazis zo iko, da bourgeois kasashen dauki matsayi, Tsohon World aka babu makawa gabatowa da babban yaki) Stalin yanke shawarar tsabtace Red Army.

Babban duka fadi a kan waɗanda suka yi sana'arsu a cikin yakin basasa. A 30s, wadannan mutane sun shagaltar da manyan mukamai a Red Army. Su tsoratar ga Stalin ya m. "Citizen" heroes sun guda shekaru Koba, sunã da wani halin kirki da hakkin ya dauki shi a matsayin na farko a tsakanin daidaitãwa. Stalin gina mulkin kama karya. Saboda haka girman kai, kuma m sojojin tsoratar da shi. A blacklist ya Stalin kuma Marshal Egorov. "Family" haihuwa Bolsheviks, suka rarrabu cikin ramuka a lokacin yakin basasa, a baya. Farko wajen Egorova fadi saukar jama'a zargi da shugaban. Sa'an nan ya zo da real opal.

A rabo daga cikin marshal a bara akwai wani hali Stalinist tsõro ya shafa. Egorov tsare transposes sabon, kasa bayyane da kuma muhimmanci matsayi. A watan Janairu na shekara ta 1938, ya kasance a gaskiya a link. Yegorov aka aika zuwa umarci Transcaucasian Soja District. Shi ne mai da hankula tafi na Stalin. Alal misali, jim kadan kafin a kashe Tukhachevsky kawai aika a cikin Volga yankin.

Duk da yake Yegorov dauki al'amura a cikin Caucasus, a Moscow a kan shi kara bunkasa karshe girgije. Fabrairu 8, 1938, aka kama matarsa Galina Tseshkovsky. Matar Marshala Egorova ya na halitta wanda aka azabtar da ta'addanci. Matsayin mai mulkin, da NKVD farko ya ɗauki wani babban jami'in mutum iyali, wanda ya bayar da baki mark.

a kan Fabrairu 21 a Moscow aka kirawo Marshal Egorov. Matar da aka kama, amma yana da bad luck ne kawai farkon halakar soja iyalansu. Aleksandra Ilicha aka tsare a cikin babban birnin kasar a kan Maris 27. Ya aka aiko zuwa Lubyanka. Akwai unconfirmed labari cewa a watan Yuli na shekara ta 1938 da jama'ar kasar Commissar na NKVD Yezhov zuwa Stalin na gaba hit jerin. Yana da aka 139 sunayen a cikin wannan takarda. Stalin amince da harbi na 138, amma ya buge fitar da sunan Egorov. Domin masana tarihi shi ya zauna ba a sani ba, abin da ya dalilin wannan hukunci. Ko ta wani hanya, amma Marshal Egorov, photos na wanda daina bayyana a jaridar articles, ya zauna a kurkuku ga wani watanni shida.

Fabrairu 22, 1939 Kotun Koli majalisar koli Soviet ta sanar da hukunci a cikin hali na soja. Marshall aka zarge shi da shirya wani soja hadin kai da kuma leken asiri. Kotun same shi da laifi Egorova. Marshal aka harbe gaba rana. Yana yana kan Fabrairu 23 - Rãnar da Red Army da kuma Navy.

Tare da Egorov ba da rayukansu, da yawa kwararru. A site na Gungu na High umurnin na Red Army kafa gaping wõfintattu. Sakamakon na purges a cikin sojojin ya shafa sosai da ewa ba. Tuni a 1941, Mai girma Patriotic War. Wannan lokacin da kasar ji rashin horar da ma'aikata. Kusan duk Team yan aka dauka daga untried da unprepared matasa. Stalin, a wani Fit na paranoia game wanda ya harbe da flower daga cikin sojojinsa, bar ba tare da wata ma'aikata ajiye. A sakamakon wannan nuna zama babbar asarar a mataki na farko na Great Patriotic War. A lokacin dukan adawa da uku Reich a cikin Red Army rasa kwarewa da sanin Aleksandra Egorova.