Samuwar, Labarin
A yunkurin Lenin. Fanny Kaplan. Asirin tarihi
Labarin m sau tabbatar da cewa kowane shugaban siyasa, wanda ya jinkirta zuwansa na dogon lokaci a cikin ikon, da kuma inganta harkokin m upheavals, juyin da kuma canje-canje, jima ko daga baya ya zama manufa domin kai hare-hare da abokan adawar suka sãɓã tare da zaba mana. Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov - duniya-shahara, da almara da shugaban na juyin juya hali, ba togiya, kamar yadda Hitler, Stalin, Pinochet da sauran zama abin ƙyãma tarihi Figures. A rayuwarsa akai-akai infringed waɗanda suka ba su yarda da zaba siyasa hanya da kuma hanyar da ta aiwatar.
Shahararren Kaplan?
A yunkurin Lenin, wanda ya faru a 1918, ko da yake bai yi nasara ba, amma an yadu da jama'ar. Wannan ya faru ne aka bayyana a cikin da dama litattafan tarihi, kuma a matsayin babban laifi can nuna wani Ms. Kaplan - 28-shekara dan kunar bakin wake. Ya cika ta yi ƙoƙari mara nasara a kan Lenin ya kai ga gaskiya cewa yarinya da aka kama da kuma kashe bayan 3 days bayan da ya faru. Amma da yawa masana tarihi shakka cewa duk Kaplan iya tunani da kuma shirya kansu. Don kwanan wata, cikin da'irar wadanda suka yiwuwa za a iya hannu a cikin kisan gillar da, shi ne sosai mika. A wannan yanayin, da hali na Fanny Kaplan ne na babban amfani ga duka masu sana'a masana tarihi da kuma talakawa mutane.
Lenin: a takaice biography
Mutumin wanda ya zama shugaba na neman sauyi motsi da kuma sanya siyasa da ayyukan iko goyan baya, godiya ga wanda ya gane juyin juya halin na 1917 , a Rasha, an haife shi a 1870. An haife shi a Simbirsk. Da mazan ɗan'uwansa, Alexander, aka yi tsayayya ga tsarist tsarin mulki. A shekarar 1987 ya shiga a cikin kasa yunkurin a kan Alexander III. Wannan hujja ƙwarai tasiri nan gaba siyasa matsayi na Vladimir.
Bayan kammala karatu daga gida high school, Ulyanov-Lenin yanke shawarar shiga da a cikin Faculty of Law, a Jami'ar Kazan. Wannan inda ya fara jama'a aiki. Ya tana goyon bayan da'irar "Narodnaya Volya", wanda a wancan lokaci aka hukumance dakatar da hukumomi. An aiki takara a wani dalibi tashin da aka ma ya zama dalibi Volodya Lenin. Brief biography shaida jami'a nazarin ƙare da shi fitar ba tare da diyya da kuma dace kowa a lokacin da matsayi na "unreliable mutum".
Phase na ci gaba na siyasa ideas
Bayan fitar daga jami'a, ya koma Kazan. A 1888, Ulyanov-Lenin zama memba na daya daga cikin akidar Karl Marx da'irori. Ya siyasa sani ne a karshe kafa bayan nazarin ayyukan Engels, Plekhanov, kuma Marx.
Shi ne a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da karatu da ayyuka na Lenin, da juyin juya halin da jũna da kawai zai yiwu hanyar kawo karshen Tsarist gwamnatin, a hankali canza musu ra'ayin siyasa. Na fili populist, suka zama zamantakewa-demokra] iyya.
Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov suka fara samar da kansa siyasa model na jihar, wadda za ta ƙarshe zama da aka sani da Leninism. A wannan lokacin ne ya fara rayayye shirya domin juyin juya halin da kuma neman Odnodum da mataimakansa, a dauke da fitar da wani juyin mulki. A lokacin daga 1893 zuwa 1895. Ya rayayye wallafa ta bincike aikin, wanda ya bayyana bukatar wani sabon, gurguzu domin.
Sun rajin tura mai iko aiki a kan tsarist autocracy, ga abin da 1897 da kuma aika zuwa gudun hijira a shekara. Duk da dukan da aka haramta da kuma hane-hane, yayin da hidima ya jumla, ya ci gaba da ayyukan. Duk da yake a cikin zaman talala, Ulyanov hukumance ãyõyi tare da} ungiyoyin matarsa - Krupskaya.
Juyin juya halin Musulunci lokaci
A 1898 da ya gudanar da wani alama na farko majalisa na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party. Wannan taro da aka gudanar a asirce. Yana da aka karkashin jagorancin Lenin, da kuma, duk da cewa hallara a shi ya dauki kawai 9 mutane, an yi imani da cewa shi ne farkon canji a kasar. Tare da wannan farko majalisa a kusan shekaru 20 ya faru juyin juya halin na 1917 a Rasha.
A cikin tsawon 1905-1907., Lokacin da za'ayi ta farko taro kokarin kifar da sarki kursiyin, Ulyanov aka located in Switzerland, amma akwai ta hada kai tare da kasar Rasha yunkuri. Ga wani ɗan gajeren lokaci ya ko da gudanar da komawa zuwa St. Petersburg da kuma ya jagoranci yunkuri. A karshen 1905, Vladimir Ilyich ya a Finland, inda ya gana da Stalin.
Tashi zuwa ikon
Next lokaci, Lenin koma zuwa Rasha kawai a cikin m 1917. Ya nan da nan ya zama shugaban gaba tawaye ya barke. Bayan da dogon-jiran juyin mulki consummated, duk shugabanci ikon wuce a hannun Ulyanov da Bolshevik Party.
Tun lokacin da sarki an shafe, kasar da ake bukata a sabuwar gwamnatin. Sun zama Council of jama'ar kasar Commissars, wanda aka karkashin jagorancin Lenin nasara. Da zarar iko, ya halitta fara gudanar da wani ya gyara, wanda wasu sun sosai m. Daga cikin su - da NEP, da sauyawa daga Kristanci da wani sabon, guda "bangaskiya" - kwaminisanci. Ya halicci Red Army, wanda ya halarci yakin basasa har 1921.
A farko matakai na sabon gwamnatin sun sau da yawa matsananci da haramta shi. A yakin basasa, wanda ya barke a kan bango na shi, dade kusan har 1922. Shi ne ainihin tsanani, kuma na jini. Abokan adawar da kuma adawa daga Soviet mulki, fahimta cewa kawai ya rabu da wani shugaban kamar Vladimir Ilyich, za ka iya ba, da kuma fara shirya yunkurin Lenin.
A yawan gaza yunkurin
Kokarin kawar da Ulyanov daga ikon da karfi da aka yi akai-akai. A lokacin daga 1918 zuwa 1919, kuma a cikin m shekaru, V. I. Lenina kokarin kashe sau da yawa. A farko ƙoƙari aka gane jim kadan bayan da Bolsheviks kama iko, wato, da 01.01.1918. A wannan rana, game da rabin da suka wuce bakwai da yamma da mota, wanda ya kori Ulyanov kokarin harba.
Da hatsari, a kan wannan tafiya, Lenin ya ba shi kadai. Ya aka tare da Maria Ulyanova, kazalika da sanannun wakilin Swiss Social Democrats - Fritz Platten. Wannan shi ne wani tsanani yunkurin Lenin ya m, saboda bayan na farko da harbi, Platten hannunka lankwasa kansa Vladimira Ilicha. A lokaci guda ya ji rauni Fritz, da kuma shugaban kasar Rasha juyin juya halin da aka cikakken ba ya canzawa. Duk da dogon search for da cin zarafin, da 'yan ta'adda sun ba da aka samu. Kawai shekaru masu yawa daga baya a GI Shakhovskoy yarda cewa ya yi kamar da Oganeza na kisa. Da yake a wannan lokaci a cikin zaman gudun hijira, ya kudi da hari da kuma ware fitar nunarsa a kan mai girma adadin lokaci - kusan rabin miliyan rubles.
ajizai juyin mulki
Bayan yardar Soviet ikon duk abokan adawar, ya bayyana cewa sabuwar gwamnatin ba hambarar, duk da haka ya rayu a cikin manyan ideologue - Lenin. A yunkurin a 1918, shirya da Union of Knights na St. George, kasa kafin shi ma fara. Daya Janairu rana a CPC jawabi wani mutum Spiridonov iyali, wanda ya gabatar da daya daga cikin Knights na St. George. Ya ce cewa kungiyar ta sanya wa shi musamman manufa - don farautar saukar da kashe Lenin. Bisa ga soja ce, domin shi ne 20 dubu. Rubles aka yi musu alkawari.
Bayan jawabin da tambaya Spiridonov, jami'an tsaro samu cikin tsakiyar wurin da Apartments na kungiyar tarayyar Knights na St. George da kuma ziyarci ta da wani search tushe. Akwai revolvers da aka samu fashewa, da kuma saboda wannan al'amari da gaskiya da kalmomin Spiridonov babu shakka.
Kokarin fashi da shugaban
Da yake jawabi game da yawa yunkurin a kan rayuwar Ulyanov, dole ne ka tuna daya m faru da cewa ya faru da Vladimirom Ilichom a 1919. Official cikakken bayani game da labarin da aka sa a cikin Lubyanka a №240266, da kuma bayyana ta da cikakken bayani da aka tsananin haramta. A mutane, wannan taron ya zama da aka sani da Lenin fashi, da kuma da yawa daga cikin hujjojin a cikin shi har yanzu ba kyau gane. Akwai da dama iri na abin da ya faru da cewa dare. Winter 1919 Lenin aka tare da 'yar'uwarta, da kuma direban da aka je a Sokolniki. A cewar daya daga version, akwai, a asibiti, ta zama matarsa, shan wahala daga wani m cuta a lokacin - wani autoimmune thyroiditis. Just a lokacin da shi zuwa Lenin asibiti da kuma gangarawa kan 19 Janairu.
A cewar wani version, ya tafi zuwa Sokolniki a kan yara Kirsimeti itace don taya murna da yara a kan Kirsimeti Hauwa'u. A wannan yanayin, shi iya ze m abin da manyan ideologue na Soviet kwaminisanci, basu yarda da kuma yanke shawarar taya murna da yara a ranar Kirsimeti, kuma a ranar 19 ga watan Janairu. Amma da yawa Malaman tarihi na wannan rikice sakamakon ya nuna gaskiyar cewa a shekarar data gabata, Rasha mayar da su cikin Gregorian kalanda, da kuma duk kwanakin da aka canja zuwa 13 days. Saboda haka, Lenin suka tafi a kan Kirsimeti itace ba da gaske 19, da kuma lambar 6, a kan Hauwa'u na Kirsimeti.
The mota tare da shugaban tafi Sokolniki da kuma lokacin da ya ba zato ba tsammani kokarin dakatar da makamai mutane a fili thuggish bayyanar, babu wani daga cikin wadanda ba a cikin mota, bãbu shakka cewa akwai wani yunkuri a kan Lenin. Saboda wannan dalili, da direba - S. Gill - kokarin ba da ta dakatar da zamewa ta cikin m laifi. Abin mamaki, Lenin, kasancewa a kan lokaci shi ne cikakken tabbata daga ikonsa da kuma cewa talakawa laifi ba zai kuskure ya shãfe shi, ya koya cewa Lenin da kansa a gaban su, da umarnin da direba tsaya.
Ilyich kan tilas jan daga cikin abin hawa taksi, nuna a shi biyu Pistols, da 'yan fashi dauki da sbí, ID da kuma browning. Su sa'an nan kumaMun ce wa direba ya bar mota fada cikin mota da kuma kori. Duk da cewa Lenin kira su da sunansa, saboda m aiki carburetor a motarsa ba kama da 'yan fashi. Kuma suka yi zaton cewa za su fuskanci wasu m Levin. 'Yan fashi sun zo kusa kawai tare da lokaci, a lokacin da suka fara yi wa na kwace takardun.
Ya jagoranci wani gungu na 'yan fashi da barayi' dalĩli Yakubu jaka. Wannan yamma, kamfanin ya shirya da fashi da makami na wani babban gidan da wani Apartment a kan Arbat. Don yin mãkirci ƙungiya da ake bukata a mota, kuma sun yanke shawarar kawai fita, kama da na farko ya sadu da mota da kuma sata da shi. Yana da haka ya faru da cewa na farko a kan hanyarsu suka hadu da mota Vladimira Ilicha.
Kawai bayan da fashi da makami, ya karanta a hankali da sata takardun, suka gane wani An sata, da kuma yadda lokacin bayan da ya faru ya faru kadan, sai suka yanke shawarar komawa. Akwai version cewa purses, da sanin cewa Lenin ya a gaban shi, ya so ya dawo da kuma kashe shi. A cewar wani version, da ɗan fashi shugaban ya so ya riƙi aka yi garkuwa da su sayi ga shi nan zuwa ga 'yan'uwanmu fursunoni suka yi a cikin Butyrka kurkuku. Kuma waɗanda tsare-tsaren tafi awry. A wani gajeren lokaci, Lenin da direban ya yi tafiya zuwa gida Council, tuntubi game da abin da ya faru na Cheka, da kuma a cikin wani al'amari na minti to Vladimir Ilyich kariya da aka tsĩrar. Koshelkova kama Yuni 21, 1919. A lokacin da ya tsare, ya aka buga tare da wani bindiga kuma ya mutu jim kadan bayan haka.
almara Kaplan
Mafi shahara yunkurin Lenin, da cewa kwanan wata faduwa a kan 30.08.1918, akwai bayan jawabin nasa a Moscow shuka Michelson. uku harbin bindiga harbi da aka yi, da kuma wannan lokaci da harsasai buga da Lenin. Bisa ga hukuma version, da nufin Shots sanya Fanny Kaplan, wanda aka kira a matsayin "dan kunar eserovkoy".
Brief Historical Fage
Wannan yarinya da aka haife shi a Ukraine a cikin Volyn yankin a 1890. Mahaifinta yi aiki a matsayin malami a wata makaranta Yahudawa, kuma har zuwa shekaru 16 da haihuwa 'yar sa sunansa - Roydman. Ya kasance mai warai addini mutum, a sosai m hali zuwa ga dalĩli, kuma ba zai iya yi zaton cewa daya daga 'ya'yansa mata taba zaban hanyar ta'addanci.
Kaplan iyaye bayan wani lokaci hijira zuwa {asar Amirka, da kuma ta canza sunanta, sa'an nan ya fara amfani da wani ta fasfo. Hagu unattended, ta shiga cikin Bolsheviks da kuma fara shiga a cikin juyin juya halin Musulunci gwagwarmaya. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne tsunduma a harkokin sufuri na magana wallafe-wallafe. Bugu da kari, matasa Kaplan ya kawo mafi tsanani abubuwa, kamar wani bam. A lokacin daya daga wadannan tafiye-tafiye, ta tsare da sarauta tsare, kuma tun wannan lokacin Fanny ne a qananan, maimakon harbi, ta yanke masa hukumcin sufuri ga rayuwa.
Ganin Kaplan matsayin babban mutum a yunkurin Lenin, yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa da yarinya yana da tsanani hangen nesa matsaloli (cewa daga baya da karfi da yawa masu bincike shakka ko iya yin wani cikakken harbi hannunka rabin-makafi gani mace). A cewar daya daga cikin data kasance versions, ta fara rasa ta gani bayan wani hit da fashewa a gida bam, wanda aka kera da ta farar hula da miji a cikin karkashin kasa Apartment. A cewar wani version, Fanny fara tafiya makafi a sakamakon raunukan da shugaban, wanda aka samu kafin kama. Eye matsaloli sun tsanani haka cewa Kaplan hidima naƙudarta, ko da ya so ya kashe kansa.
Bayan wani m afuwa a 1917 ta sami dogon-jiran 'yanci da tafi daya daga cikin mura na Crimea inganta kiwon lafiya, sa'an nan suka ga tiyata a Kharkov. Bayan haka, da zato ta gani aka mayar da.
Duk da yake a cikin zaman talala, Fanny zama sosai kusa da tsare eserkami. A hankali, ta ra'ayoyi sun canza a cikin zaman jama'a-demokra] iyya. A labarai na Oktoba juyin juya halin, ta yarda da manufa, da kuma kara ayyuka na Bolsheviks ya kai ga ta cizon yatsa. Daga baya a shaidarsa a karkashin binciken, Kaplan ya ce da ra'ayin kashe Lenin a matsayin maci amana ga juyin juya halin ziyarci ta baya a cikin Crimea.
Back a birnin Moscow, ta hadu tare da SRs da kuma tattauna tare da su da yiwuwar wani yunkurin.
m ƙoƙari
A nan a ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, 1918 a St. Petersburg aka kashe M. Uritsky - Shugaban Cheka. Lenin da aka sanar da game da shi ta hanyar daya daga cikin na farko, ya bukaci ta yi watsi da shirya wasanni a shuka Michelson. Amma ya yi watsi da wannan gargadi, ya tafi aiki tare da wani jawabin ba tare da wani kariya.
Bayan kammala jawabin nasa, Lenin da aka faruwa ga mota, idan ba zato ba tsammani daga cikin taron da aka ji uku Shots. Don farkon hargitsi aka tsare Kaplan, kamar yadda wani daga cikin taron ya ɗaga murya da cewa ta kora.
Strong tuhuma shi ne gaskiya cewa, a Bugu da kari ya gane mafi Fanny ne ba da wani guda shaida wanda zai gani cewa ta kora. A lokacin da ake tsare da makamai a lokacin da shi ma ya ba. Kawai 5 kwanaki kawo a gun zuwa Cheka daya daga cikin shuka ta ma'aikata, wanda ake zargin ya same shi a cikin yadi. Harsasai daga Lenin ta jiki da aka cire nan da nan, amma bayan 'yan shekaru. A sa'an nan ya bayyana cewa, ya zamo kamar ba quite guda a matsayin irin gun dauka a matsayin shaida. Babban shaida a cikin akwati, da direba na Ilyich, da farko ya bayyana cewa ya ga wata mace ta hannun harbi, amma da shaidarsa a lokacin da gudanar da bincike ya canza game da 5 sau. Caplan kanta yarda cewa kora a game 20:00, amma jaridar "Pravda" da aka buga da bayanai da cewa yunkurin da shugaban da aka aikata a 21:00. Da direba ya ce cewa hari ya faru a kusan 23:00.
Wadannan da sauran kurakurai sa mutane da yawa a yau zaton cewa da gaske ne almara hari da aka aiwatar da Bolsheviks. Summer 1918 aka halin da alama rikicin da gwamnatin rasa ta mawuyacin halin dalĩli. Irin wannan yunkurin a kan shugaban ya sanya shi yiwuwa a saki gagarumin a zamanin tsõro a kan Socialist-yunkuri, suka fara da yakin basasa.
Kaplan kashe sosai da sauri, shi da aka harbe a kan Satumba 3, da kuma Lenin zauna da farin ciki har 1924.
Similar articles
Trending Now