A sassaka "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl". Marubucin na tunawa

A 2014, 125th ranar tunawa da haihuwar mai girma Soviet sculptor Vera Mukhina. Sunanta da aka sani ga kowane mutum mai rai a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, saboda shi ne inextricably nasaba da monumental ayyukan artist - a sculptural abun da ke ciki "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl".

Biography of Vera Mukhina

Ignatyevna aka haife shi a 1889 a cikin wani m m iyali. Ta rasa iyayenta sosai farkon da aka kawo har da mãsu tsaro ne. Tare da yara addini ya sãɓã, juriya da kuma tenacity. Ta so ga zanen hankali samo asali a cikin wani craft, wanda ta yi karatu na tsawon shekaru biyu a Paris a cikin Academy Grand Chaumiere. Malam mace ya shahara sculptor Bourdelle. Sa'an nan Mukhina koma Italiya, inda ya yi karatu zanen da sassaka na Renaissance lokaci.

A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, Mukhina yi aiki a matsayin nas ta a asibiti. Akwai ma ya faru ta farko da haɗuwa da Likita Alekseem Andreevichem da Castle, da wanda ta aurar da ewa ba. Non-proletarian asalin iyalan sau da yawa lahani rayuwar membobinta. Tashi aiki bangare a cikin juyin juya halin Musulunci canji na kasar kyalli a cikin sculptures. Tashi Heroes daban-daban iko da m karfi.

Ignatyevna yawa da kuma aiki tukuru duk rayuwarsa. Bayan rasa mijinta a 1942, ta yi baƙin ciki ga asarar. M Zuciya Fly yarda su zauna kadan fiye da shekaru goma bayan da barin mijinta. A 1953, ta rasu yana da ba wata tsõhuwa - ta kasance 64 years old.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

Domin su mai haske da kuma arziki rayuwa Vera Mukhina halitta wani babba yawan ayyukan art, ciki har da zane-zane, sculptures, glassware. Abin takaici, mafi yawan aikin da ya rage ba a sani ba fadi da kewayon Raya Makon ta iyawa. Main halittar Mukhina rayuwa, yabe ta tsawon shekaru da dama - yana da sassaka "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl". Ignatyevna ta kira abun da ke ciki "Ma'aikacin da baƙauye". A Great Soviet Encyclopedia sculptor halittar gano a matsayin "misali na gurguzu da labarun almara."

A 1936, Tarayyar Soviet, gwamnati ta samu daga Faransa da gayyatar su shiga a cikin Paris Duniya ta Fair. The hukuma jigo na manyan-sikelin taron, "Art da kuma fasahar zamani a rayuwar."

Tarayyar Soviet da muhimmanci sosai ba kawai su shiga a cikin nuni, wanda shi ne na girma na kasa da kasa muhimmancin, kasar da ake bukata don lashe gasar a kowane farashi. Duniya ya tsaya a kan gãɓar rãmi na yakin duniya na II, da kuma gasar a filin na fasaha nasarori a gaskiya nufi mai tauri yaki biyu a duniya siyasa tsarin. Babban fafatawa a gasa, da Tarayyar Soviet ga gasar sun Italiya da kuma Jamus.

Lashe ideas sassaka "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl"

Soviet gwamnati aiki da aka ba kawai don ƙirƙirar wata babbar fasaha da kuma gine-gine da zane, amma kuma a kowane yiwu hanya jaddada ta akida fuskantarwa. A daidai da dadewa nuni da halartar kasashen kamata zana har da dokokin nasu haimõmi a cikin kasa style. A Soviet daftarin aka yi nufi ga nuna duniya da magabaci na kasa tsarin tattalin arziki.

A cikin sanarwar gasar ga zane na Pavilion ya samu halartar da yawa mashawarta daraja gine-ginen da lokaci. Boris lashe lofan, ƙirƙirar aikin a cikin gargajiya style, tsakiyar ɓangare na wanda aka shagaltar da ta sassaka. High Commission amince da ra'ayin in general, fãce ya ƙaryata abin tunawa. Nan da nan bayan da aka yi hamayya, a cikin abin da ya ci Vera Mukhina da aka gudanar.

Marubucin na tunawa "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" kama da tunanin hukumar sikelin sculptural Duo ne haske da nufin gaba. Simple fasali na tunawa daga heroes of mutane ja hankalin da ya matasa da kuma ibada, da kuma waving gyale nuna alamar da m motsi zuwa ga wani haske nan gaba. Hau kan shugaban da guduma da lauje nuna alamar hadin kan ma'aikata da kuma na gama manoma.

Akayi na yi na tunawa - kalubale da kuma nasarori

Yanzu ya zuwa hanzari haifar da tsarin a gaskiya size. A sassaka "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" by marubucin bane ya gigantic tsawo - 25 mita. Don gudanar da wani babban aikin da aka ba kawai watanni shida.

Manyan size na tunawa da aka yi nufi ba kawai don jawo hankalin hankalin darajar da yake da shi ya haskaka a kan Paris. A matsayin dalilin da shiri na sassaka dube tagulla ko jan karfe. Wadannan karafa ne halin da solidity da kuma daraja ra'ayoyi. Amma ba su samar da shirya radiation, saboda haske da ake tunawa. Saboda haka sculptor Kabarin "Safety da Kolhoz" Vera Muhina yanke shawarar kafa wani abin tunawa daga wata bakin karfe takardar.

Na farko, yin karan tare samar da abun da ke ciki na itace tubalan bi da surface sassaƙa kayan aikin da kuma cimma babban smoothness. Sa'an nan aza a saman katako, da kwasfansu thinnest karfe zanen gado, wanda kauri ba ya wuce wani millimeter. The karfe harsashi ya mayar da katako mold. Daga ciki da karfe mosaic gudanar tare da nufin na welds.

A selection kwamitin karkashin jagorancin Soviet shugabannin amince da ƙãre tunawa. A na gaba lokaci abun da ke ciki "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" ya je Paris. Domin sauƙi daga kai abin tunawa an raba ta zuwa sittin da biyar guda kuma a nutsa cikin jirgin kasa. A total nauyi na yi ya kasance 75 ton, na abin da kawai 12 ton da aka bai wa karfe casing. Ga harkokin sufuri na tunawa, kayan aikin da hoisting na'urorin uku dozin sufurin kaya motoci da hannu.

Rave reviews Parisians

A cikin karusa, da rashin alheri, akwai wani raunin da ya faru. A lokacin shigarwa aiki da sauri shafe flaws, amma lalle a nada lokaci, May 25, 1937, da abin tunawa "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" ya fara haskakawa a cikin Paris sama. Ni'ima Parisians da mabajan babu iyaka.

Karfe abun da ke ciki mamakin da kyakkyawa da kuma ƙawa, shimmering a rana tare da dukan launuka. A Eiffel Tower aka located in nan da nan kusanci na Soviet sassaka, bata da girma da kuma roko.

Soviet Kabarin da aka bayar da wata lambar zinariya - Grand Prix. A sakamakon cimma iya zama alfahari da Vera Mukhina - wani suna fadin da kuma talented Soviet sculptor. "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" sau daya samu a idon duniya matsayi na Soviet jihar alama.

A karshen nuni, da Soviet tawagar da aka gayyace ta Faransa gefe zuwa sayar da sculptures. Leadership da Tarayyar Soviet, ba shakka, ƙiya.

Ina zuwa kafa shahara Soviet tunawa

A sculptural kungiyar "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" a amince koma kasarsa da aka zarar shigar a su m wurin zama - a gaban daya daga cikin entrances zuwa Nunin Center (Nunin na tattalin arziki Nasarori). Yau wannan ƙasa nasa ne da VVC (All Rasha Nunin Center), daya daga cikin mafi ziyarci da yawa mazauna da kuma baƙi daga Moscow wurare.

Marubucin na tunawa "The ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Woman" Vera Mukhina ba amince da kafuwa shafin. Kuma a tsawo na sassaka ya ƙananan saboda gaskiyar cewa pedestal ya sau uku rage a cikin size. Vera Ignatyevna ƙara kamar yankin na kibiya a kan Moscow River, inda yanzu tsaye da Bitrus Tsereteli farko aiki. Ta shawarar da duba dandali a Sparrow Hills. Duk da haka, to ta ra'ayin da aka ba wa dã'a

"Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" - a duniya-sanannen alama ce da Soviet zamanin

Tun da Paris nuni da sassaka ya zama na kasa siffa daga cikin Soviet jihar, replicated a duk faɗin duniya a cikin nau'i na kudin sufurin kan sarki, katunan gaisuwa, commemorative tsabar kudi, albums da reproductions. Image shahara abin tunawa bayyana a cikin nau'i na da yawa tsarabobi da shahararsa rivaled kawai ta Rasha matryoshka. Kuma tun shekarar 1947 da fim studio "Mosfilm" da aka yi amfani da a cutscenes shahara sassaka "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" Kuma kamar wancan kafa kansa a matsayin da alama na Soviet kasar.

Vera Mukhina - a gane master of sculptural kerawa

A godiya ga Soviet gwamnatin sãka musu da Stalin Prize Vera Mukhina. Bugu da kari, akwai wani yawan lambobin yabo da kuma daban-daban gwamnatin amfani, wanda sami daraja da mace sculptor. "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" sanya shi yiwuwa Mukhina ji dadin cikakken 'yanci a m aiki. Amma, abin takaici zuriyar almara sculptor ya zauna a cikin memory kawai kamar yadda marubucin kawai abin tunawa.

A Vera Mukhina ta gidan kayan gargajiya, located a tushe na pedestal daga cikin shahararrun sassaka, yana da wani sa na shirin gaskiya hotunan, newsreels, da ya nuna cewa Ignatyevna yawa hayayyafa aiki. Ta rubuta hoton, halitta sculptural ayyukan da abun da ke ciki na gilashi. A cikin gidan kayan gargajiya ne mai yawa na farko model na tunawa, wanda bai iya kawo wa rai sanannen mace sculptor. "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" - ba kawai abin tunawa aiki Mukhina a Moscow.

Vera Mukhina ta sauran halittun

Hands na wani talented mahalicci da aka gina wani gini a Tchaikovsky, located a gaban Moscow Conservatory, kuma Maksimu Gorkomu a Belorussky Railway Station. Marubucin nasa ne da sculptural abun da ke ciki "Science", "burodi", "Haihuwa".

Vera Mukhina dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin aikin na sculptural kungiyoyin located a kan Moskva gada. Domin aikinsa Ignatyevna akai-akai bayar da gwamnatin awards, mafi girma Soviet awards, ta an zabe memba na Presidium da Tarayyar Soviet Academy of Arts.

Tare da aikin Vera Mukhina tsunduma a cikin koyarwa ayyukan. Daga baya ya zama rayayye aiki a Birnin Leningrad, ya shuka, da samar da wani abun da ke ciki na gilashin da ain a matsayin marubuci. "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" domin shekaru masu yawa na tsaye a bude iska samu gagarumin lalacewa.

The abu akan sake haihuwa na da wani abin tunawa

A 2003 aka yanke shawarar sake gina sanannen sassaka. A Kabarin da aka dismantled da kuma domin saukaka ne zuwa kashi da yawa, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa. Restoration mataki tsawon game da shekara shida. A ciki firam tsarin da aka karfafa, kuma karfe siffatawa tsarkake daga impurities kuma sarrafa m sunadarai m mika sabis na tunawa. Updated sassaka da aka shigar a kan wani sabon high pedestal a watan Disamba 2009. Yanzu, da abin tunawa zama sau biyu ya fi shi kafin.

Yau, da abin tunawa "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" - shi ne ba wai kawai wata alama ce ta Soviet zamanin, da kuma alfarma da halittar talented marubucin Vera Mukhina, gane a duk duniya. A abin tunawa ne hallmark na Moscow alama, wanda aka ziyarci shekara da dubban masu yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya.