Jinkirin-type hypersensitivity: Development inji

Canje-canje a cikin laulayi ko reactivity zuwa kasashen waje abu kira alerji (daga Girkanci. "Reaction zuwa kasashen waje"). Sunan "alerji" je sama tare da wani Austria masanin kimiyya Clemens Pirke a 1906. Ya nuna yin amfani da kalmar wajen bayyana mataki na daban-daban dalilai a kan kwayoyin daga waje muhalli, da kuma abubuwa da ta da wadannan rashin lafiyan halayen, ya kira allergens.

American allergist R. A. Kuk a 1947 halitta na farko rarrabuwa na allergies. Bisa ga definition, akwai wani nan da nan irin hypersensitivity da kuma jinkirta irin hypersensitivity. A karshen irin da za a tattauna a daki-daki a cikin wannan labarin. Abin da yake da muhimmanci, nan da nan hypersensitivity halayen da kuma jinkirta-type bambanta muhimmanci daga juna.

Babban bambancin

Nan da nan irin hypersensitivity - a dauki wani antigen da ya auku bayan 20-25 minti bayan na biyu taron tare da allergen (antigen). Kuma da dauki jinkirta-type hypersensitivity Yana nuna ba a baya fiye da bayan 'yan sa'o'i ko 7-8 kwanaki. A shekarar 1968, PG Jello kuma R. A. Kumbs rubuta wani kimiyya takarda, wadda aka mai suna "The sabon rarrabuwa na rashin lafiyan halayen." A cewar wannan rarrabuwa ne 4 asali iri allergies.

allergies

• Type 1 - anaphylactic, atopic, reaginic. By manifestations na da irin wannan za a iya ranked angioneurotic edema, anaphylactic buga, atopic Bronchial fuka, urticaria.
• Type 2 - cytotoxic ko cytolytic zuwa ta bayyananen hada da cutar sankarar bargo, hemolytic anemia, RH incompatibility.
• 3 irin - rigakafi hadaddun ko Arthus irin. Kiyasta total kuma shine babban dauki a etiology magani cuta, rheumatoid amosanin gabbai, tsari lupus erimatoznoy. Duk wadannan iri uku suna a hankali alaka da hemagglutinin kuma kasance a cikin nan da nan hypersensitivity.
• Type 4 - jinkirta irin hypersensitivity, cell counter inji ne halin da rinjayar da T-lymphocyte antigen-Heller.

sensibilization

Jinkirin da irin hypersensitivity halayen Wayar ne kwayoyin to da ake dasu antigens, ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka fungi, helminths, domin wucin gadi da na halitta antigens (sunadarai, kwayoyi) su raba sunadarai. Mai fili jinkirta hypersensitivity amsa da gabatarwar maloimmunogennyh antigens. A qananan kashi na antigens kan subcutaneous allura sa wani jinkiri irin hypersensitivity. ci gaban inji rashin lafiyan halayen da irin wannan hypersensitivity ne T-lymphocytes zuwa antigens Heller. заставляет выделяться вещества, например, интерлейкин-2, которые активизируют макрофаги, происходит гибель антигена, вызвавшего сенсибилизацию лимфоцитов. Hypersensitivity kasaftawa sa lymphocytes abu, msl, interleukin-2, wanda kunna macrophages, antigen auku mutuwa jawo wayar na lymphocytes. T lymphocytes kuma sun hada da wani m inji ta da kwayoyin aka kashe, ƙwayoyin cuta, ko protozoa.

Wannan nau'i na wayar da lura a jam'i na cututtuka kamar tarin fuka, syphilis, brucellosis, diphtheria, mycoses, helminthiasis da sauransu, kazalika a dasa kin amincewa.

misali

A mafi bayyananne misali na irin wannan halayen ne tuberculin fata gwajin Mantoux. Idan mutum a wanda jiki ne tuberculous bacillus, shigar tuberculin intradermally, sa'an nan 24-48 hours a allura site induration kafa 10-15 mm miki a cibiyar.

Histological jarrabawa ya nuna cewa infiltrate hada da yafi na lymphocytes da kuma monocyte-macrophage jerin Kwayoyin.

Ta'anak duk

A rare lokuta da rashin mayar da martani. Wannan ake kira anergy, watau rashin dauki ga samuwar kasashe.

аллерген, попадая в организм, гибнет. M anergy faruwa a lokacin wani allergen shiga jiki, ya mutu. A wannan yanayin, da kumburi ba ya faruwa.

Korau anergy faruwa a lokacin da jiki ba zai iya kare kanta, ya nuna cewa wani mutum da rauni. Dalilin da rashin mayar da martani, ko kuma zai iya zama dan kadan m raguwa a yawan T-lymphocytes ko take hakkin su ayyuka, kuma za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar wani ƙara aiki na T-kashewar.

Paraallergiya da pseudoallergy

«парааллергия» и «псевдоаллергия». Akwai Concepts "paraallergiya" da kuma "na karya-alerji". при диагностировании инфекционных болезней, выражающихся аллергическими реакциями. Da suka faru a cikin ganewar asali da cututtuka, inda ya bayyana rashin lafiyan halayen.

Paraallergiya - a lokacin da mai cutar jiki reacts zuwa kama allergens, misali, wani kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka amsa ga atypical mycobacteria.

Sashin alerji - wani alerji, misali, tuberculin daga kasancewa da rashin lafiya da cutar sankarar bargo.

alerji mataki

A rashin lafiyan lokaci 3 bayyana matakai na:

1. Immunological mataki. иммунной системы. A wannan mataki, duk da gyare-gyare na rigakafi da tsarin. A cikin jiki allergen ta ɗaure zuwa antibodies da hypersensitive lymphocytes.
2. Pathochemical mataki. которые образуются в результате присоединения аллергена с антителами и гиперчувствительными лимфоцитами. A wannan mataki a cikin samuwar Kwayoyin masu shiga tsakani (bioactive sinadarai), monokines, lymphokines, wanda aka kafa ta Bugu da kari na allergen zuwa antibodies da hypersensitive lymphocytes.
3. Pathophysiological mataki. A wannan mataki, cutar aka bayyana asibitin. Wannan ya faru saboda shiga tsakani da bayyana detrimental sakamako a kan jikin ta kyallen takarda. A wannan mataki akwai kumburi, itching, spasms of m tsoka, da sauran Sistem sakulasan cuta.

Wadannan matakai ƙayyade jinkirta-type hypersensitivity.

magani

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi wuya al'amurran da suka shafi. Far kamata a da za'ayi sosai daga lura da nan da nan irin hypersensitivity, watau wani jinkiri-type hypersensitivity - .. Shin rigakafi kumburi.

directionality

Magani ya kamata a directed zuwa wani immunological batu mai kumburi far da neutralization na pathogen. Kuma duk da haka, far ya kamata a fara da general dokoki domin lura da rashin lafiyan cututtuka. Tabbata don tsayar da hypoallergenic rage cin abinci. A lura da irin wannan hypersensitivity bautar wani wuri na musamman etiological magani da ne da nufin a yi wa cutar.

Iri jinkirta-type hypersensitivity. su magani

Wannan irin hypersensitivity aka subdivided cikin lamba, tuberculin da granulomatous, don haka magani ya kamata a nufin wani irin.

• Contact hypersensitivity faruwa a lokacin da martani tare da sunadarai (cobalt, nickel, itace resins, Mercury, da dai sauransu), da kwayoyi, guba shuke-shuke. Bugu da kari to primary magani daga allergies, contact hypersensitivity bugu da žari sanya magani cessation hulda sa alerji, far da nufin kau da kumburi, UV-sakawa a iska mai guba.
• Tuberculin hypersensitivity da dangantaka da bincike da kuma kira tuberculin ko kama antigens, saboda haka ba ya bukatar magani.
• Kamuwa jinkirta hypersensitivity faruwa a lokacin da wayar da kwayoyin haddasa cututtuka kamar tarin fuka, syphilis, brucellosis, Anthrax, kabba da ciwon sanyi, parasitic infestations. Jiyya na dauke da kwayar cutar alerji aka mayar da hankali a kan halakar da cutar pathogens.
• Rashin lafiyan hypersensitivity zuwa narkewa sunadarai faruwa a lokacin raunanar da tsarin na rigakafi, a cikin abin da jiki ba ya dauki proteinaceous mahadi kamar madara, kifi, qwai, kwayoyi, legumes da wasu sunadaran dauke a cikin hatsi. Tasiri magani daga cikin abinci zame dukan abinci da sa allergies.
• Autoimmune hypersensitivity - shi ne lokacin da jiki ta mallaka tsokoki da kuma Kwayoyin samar m nasu antibodies, wanda suke cikin hanyar allergies. Akwai iri biyu autoimmune alerji.

Farko - wannan shi ne lokacin da na rigakafi aiki ba lalace, amma akwai autoallergens da cewa yana sa illa rigakafi. Na biyu - a lokacin da na rigakafi da tsarin ba gazawar, ba da sanin inda su sunadarai, da kuma inda baki, don haka ya yi imanin cewa, wannan shi ne wani allergen. Jiyya ne symptomatic da pathogenetic za'ayi, wadda ta ƙunshi a cikin yin amfani da immunosuppressants. Wannan shi ne yafi corticosteroids.

Hypersensitivity dasawa - a halakar a kasashen waje jiki saka a cikin jiki. Hana wannan allergies iya zama mai kyau selection na bayarwa, kazalika da assigning daban-daban immunosuppressive kwayoyi zuwa hana tsarin na rigakafi.

Saboda haka, dauki na jinkirta irin hypersensitivity yana da nauyi muhimmanci. A zuciya na wani hypersensitivity dauki inji shi ne kumburi, wanda taimaka da taimako na kamuwa da cuta a cikin shafi yankunan da kafa da lafiya rigakafi da tsarin.