Sarauta tsawwala a bandeji, kuma tourniquet. Dokokin bisa bintovyh dressings. Dokokin tsawwala a matsa lamba bandeji

Taimako na farko ga wadanda suka ji rauni tare da raunuka, fractures, dislocations, raunin ligament, rauni, konewa da wasu abubuwa ya zama kusan ba zai yiwu ba tare da yin amfani da takalma a daidai lokacin da ya dace. Bayan haka, saboda rigakafi, ƙarin ƙwayar cuta na ciwo an hana shi, da kuma dakatar da zub da jini, gyaran ƙyama, har ma magungunan warkar da rauni ya fara.

Rikuni na likita da iri

Sashen ilimin da ke nazarin ka'idodin gyaran takalma da kayan haɓaka, irin su da kuma hanyoyin aikace-aikace, ake kira desmurgia (daga Helenanci desmos - leash, bandage and ergon - accomplishment, case).

Bisa ga ma'anar, maƙarƙashiya hanya ce ta zalunta da raunin da ya faru, wanda ya haɗa da yin amfani da:

• Dressing abu, wanda aka superposposed kai tsaye a kan rauni;
• Ƙananan ɓangare na miya, wanda ya gyara gyaran.

A cikin matsayi na dressings, domin dalilai daban-daban, na iya aiki:

• Musamman riguna;
• Napkins;
• Swabs na shinge;
• Gauze bukukuwa.

Nau'in dressings ta hanyar hanyar aikace-aikace

Duba	Bayani	Iri
Tsarewa ko taushi	Sun hada da kayan da ake amfani da cutar, da gyaran takalma An yi amfani da shi a mafi yawan lokuta: tare da ƙonewa, ƙuƙuka, raunukan buɗewa	Bandage; Na roba; Colloidal; Kosynochnye; Mako-tube
Tabbatarwa ko m	Kayan gyare-gyare da taya Ana amfani dashi don kai mutumin da ya ji rauni, a maganin raunin raunin da kuma kayan haɗarsu	Taya (m, raga, fil); Gypsum; Glutinous; Shigo

Kula na farko don raunin da ya faru

Hanyar yin amfani da rigakafi ana kiransa bandaging. Manufarta ita ce rufe da rauni:

• Don hana ci gaba da kamuwa da shi;
• Don dakatar da zub da jini;
• Don samun sakamako na curative.

Dokoki na musamman don sanya kayan gyaran kafa don raunuka da raunin da ya faru:

1. Yi wanke hannu sosai da sabulu, idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to akalla a bi da su da maganin antiseptic na musamman.
2. Idan shafin raunin yana da rauni, to a hankali ku kula da fata a kusa da shi tare da barasa, hydrogen peroxide ko aidin.
3. Sanya wanda aka azabtar (haƙurin) a wuri mai kyau (zama mai zaman kansa, mai mahimmanci), yayin da yake ba da damar shiga cikin lalacewa.
4. Don tsayawa a gaban fuskar mai haƙuri don ganin yadda ya yi.
5. Fara farawa tare da bandage "bude" daga hagu zuwa dama, daga gefen ƙwayoyin jikin jiki, wato, daga ƙasa zuwa sama, ta amfani da hannayen biyu.
6. Dole ne a ɗaure hannun a cikin lankwasa a kafafun kafa, kuma kafa - a madaidaici.
7. Na farko ko uku (raguwa) ya kamata a kafa, domin wannan takalma ana kunshe a kusa da wuri mafi kusa.
8. Ƙarin bandage yana biyowa tare da tashin hankali na uniform, ba tare da raguwa ba.
9. Kowace jakar da ke kunshe ta rufe abin da ya gabata game da uku na nisa.
10. Lokacin da yankin da aka ji rauni, babba ɗaya ba zai isa ba, to, a ƙarshen wuri na farkon na biyu, ya karfafa wannan lokacin a madauwari madaidaiciya.
11. Kammala kayan ado, yin gyaran fuska biyu ko uku.
12. A matsayin ƙarin gyare-gyare, za ka iya yanke ƙarshen bandeji zuwa sassa biyu, haye su da juna, da'ira kewaye da takalma kuma ɗauke shi tare da ƙuri mai ƙarfi.

Babban nau'i na dressing dressings

Kafin yin nazari akan ka'idoji don yin amfani da takalma, ya kamata mutum ya fahimci kanka da nau'o'in harnesses da bambance-bambancen amfani da su.

Nau'in bandages	Cases na amfani
Bandages da yawa, girmansa shine 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm, da tsawon 5 m	Sun sake yayyana yatsun da suka ji rauni
Tsakanin kwakwalwa 10 zuwa 12 cm, 5 m tsawo	Daidaita don miya don kai, kai tsaye, babba da ƙananan ƙarancin (goge, ƙafa)
Babban bandages, wanda girmanta ya fi 14 cm, kuma tsawon shine 7 m	An yi amfani da takalma zuwa kirji, thighs

Ƙayyade na takalman bandeji:

1. Ta hanyar iri:

• Ƙarshe bushe;
• Antiseptic bushe;
• Tsarin shafawa mai tsabta ta Hypertensive;
• Dannawa;
• Ƙasashen.

2. Ta hanyar hanyar aikace-aikace:

• Raba ko karkace;
• Nau'i takwas ko maɓallin giciye;
• Serpentine ko creeping;
• Bayani;
• Sauran takalma: dibanci da kuma sabawa.

3. Ganowa:

• A kai;
• A kan manya na sama;
• A kan ƙananan ƙananan;
• A ciki da ƙashin ƙugu;
• A kan kirji;
• A wuyansa.

Sharuɗɗa don shigar da takalma mai laushi

Bandage bandages suna dace da mafi yawan lokuta da raunin da ya faru. Suna hana kamuwa da cuta na biyu na rauni kuma rage girman mummunar yanayi.

Sharuɗɗa don yin amfani da bandeji mai laushi kamar haka:

1. An yi haƙuri a wuri mai dacewa:

• Tare da raunin da ya faru na kai, wuyan wuyansa, thorax, bangarori na sama - zaune;
• Tare da raunuka na ciki, yankin pelvic, ƙananan thighs - ƙaddara.

2. Zaɓi takalma bisa ga irin lalacewar.

3. Gudanar da tsari na sake dawowa, ta yin amfani da ka'idoji na riguna.

Idan ka yi gyaran gyare-gyare, kallon ka'idojin gyaran gyare-gyare na asali, to, damfara zai cika ka'idodi masu zuwa:

• Gaba ɗaya rufe yankin lalacewa;
• Kada ku tsoma baki tare da jini na al'ada da ƙwayar motsi;
• Yi jin dadi ga mai haƙuri.

Sharuɗɗa don sanya takalma a kan nauyin farfadowa.

Rubuta	Dokar miya
Circumsted bandeji	An shafe shi a wuyan hannu, ƙafar kafa, goshin da sauransu. Bandage da aka zubar da jini, kamar yadda kinks, kuma ba tare da su ba. Bandeji da ta'addi ne mafi kyau yi a sassa na jiki na cewa suna da canonical fom
Fushin da ke ciki	Yana overlaps da manufar na farko kam na miya da suka ji rauni yanki
Tsuntsu-mai ɗorewa	An gabatar da shi a wurare masu wahala A lokacin gyare-gyare, adadin ya kamata ya kwatanta adadi-takwas. Alal misali, an ɗaura takalmin giciye a kirji kamar haka: Rashin fashe 1 - yi juyin juya-iri mai yawa ta hanyar tayi; Rashin fashe 2 - wani bandeji ta hanyar kirkira daga gefen dama axillary zuwa gefen hagu; Matsar da 3 - juya ta baya a gefen dama a gefen dama, daga inda aka ɗaura bandeji tare da kirji a gefen hagu na axillary na hagu, yayin da kake tsallake bayanan baya; Dama 4 da 5 - Ana haɗawa da takalma ta hanyar baya a cikin gefen hagu na dama, yin mataki takwas-mataki; Daidaita bugun jini - an haɗa da bandeji kewaye da kirji da kuma gyarawa
A m bandeji	Yana da nau'i takwas. An yi amfani da jigonsa, alal misali, a kan haɗin gwiwa na ƙafƙwarar yadda aka tsara: Tashi 1 - ana ɗaukar bandeji ta hanyar taya daga gefen shinge mai lafiya zuwa ga kullun baya; Buga 2 - Bandage ke kewaye da kafada a gaban, a waje, a baya, ta hanyar axilla kuma ya dauke shi a kan kullun, domin ya ratsa layin baya; Rigar 3 - Ana ɗaure bandeji ta hanyar baya zuwa ga mai lafiya; Matsar da 4 da 5 - sake maimaita motsa daga farko zuwa na uku, yana lura cewa kowane sabon lakabin bandeji ya zama mafi girma fiye da na baya, yana kafa a tsaka-tsaki na alamar "'yan'
Tashi Tortoise	An yi amfani da shi don bandeji yankin da gidajen Divergent tururuwa bandeji: A tsakiyar haɗin gwiwar yana yin fuska ɗaya daga bandeji; Maimaita maimaita ya juya sama da kasa na baya baya sau da dama, rufe hankali duk inda aka ji rauni; Kowane sabon Layer yayi magana da wanda ya gabata a cikin ɓangaren popliteal; Ana sanya maɓallin gyare-gyaren a kusa da hip Sauko da takalmin kiwo: Yi hanyoyi masu launi a sama da ƙasa da haɗin gwiwa, yayin da kake tsallake bandeji a cikin rukunin popliteal; Dukkan biyo baya na takalma ana aikatawa ta hanyar irin wannan hanya, motsi zuwa tsakiya na haɗin gwiwa; Ana yin gyare-gyare a tsakiya na haɗin gwiwa

Kusar da kai

Akwai nau'ukan iri-iri iri-iri:

1. "tafiya";

2. Simple;

3. "amarya";

4. "Hutun Hippocrates";

5. ido ɗaya;

6. a kan duka idanu;

7. Neapolitan (a cikin kunne).

Yanayi na daukaka kayan ado daidai da irin su

Title	Lokacin da aka gabatar
Chepets	Tare da raunin da ke gaban frontal da occipital ɓangare na kai
M	Tare da raunin raunin da ke ciki, launi, frontal ɓangare na kai
"Bridle"	A lokacin da raunin da ke gaban sashin kwanyar, fuska da ƙananan jaw
"Cape na Hippocrates"	Akwai lalacewar ɓangaren ɓangaren
Ɗaya ido	Idan ido daya ya ji rauni
A duka idanu biyu	Lokacin da idanu duka suna ciwo
Neapolitan	Idan akwai damuwa na kunne

Tsarin gyaran gyare-gyare a kan kai yana cikin gaskiyar cewa ko da kuwa irin nau'in, ana yin gyaran gyaran tare da bandages na matsakaici matsakaici - 10 cm.

Kamar yadda da wani ciwo, yana da muhimmanci ga samar dace kiwon lafiya, sa'an nan jimlar lalacewar na shugaban bada shawarar a yi amfani da sauki version na miya - "hula".

Dokokin da aka sanya wani bandeji "tafiya":

1. An kaddamar da wani kimanin mita daya daga bandeji, wanda za'a yi amfani da shi azaman kirtani.

2. Sashi na tsakiya yana amfani da kambi.

3. An gama ƙarshen kirtani tare da hannayensu biyu, za'a iya yin shi ta hanyar mai taimaka ko mai haƙuri kansa, idan yana da hankali.

4. Yi takardar gyaran kafa na takalma a kan kai, kai da kirtani.

5. Fara farawa da takalma kewaye da igiya kuma zuwa kai.

6. Bayan kai gaɓar ƙarshen kirtani, an haɗa da bandeji kuma an gudanar da shi a kusa da kwanyar dan kadan sama da lakabin farko.

7. Sau da yawa rufe murfin baki tare da bandeji.

8. A lokacin da aka yi zagaye na karshe, ƙarshen takalma yana ɗaure ɗaya daga cikin madauri.

9. An sanya madauri a ƙarƙashin ja.

Misalan ƙuƙwalwa na wasu riguna

Rubuta	Dokar miya
M	Gudun bandeji sau biyu a kai. Mataki na gaba shi ne yin kink da kuma takalma fara farawa (daga goshin zuwa baya na kai), dan kadan mafi girma daga layin kwakwalwa. A gefen kai, an yi wani lanƙwara kuma suna jagoran fuska daga wancan gefen. Ana motsa motsawa, bayan haka sun sake maimaita hanya, suna canza shugabancin bandeji. An sake maimaita dabara har sai an rufe cikakken kambi, yayin da yake tunawa da gyara duk kusurwa biyu na fuska
"Bridle"	Yi biyu juya a kai. Daga gaba, an saukar da bandeji a ƙarƙashin ƙananan jaw, yana tafe a ƙarƙashin kunne na dama. Ku mayar da shi zuwa ga temechka ta gefen hagu. Yi uku irin wannan a tsaye, bayan haka an ɗaure takalmin daga kunnen kunnen dama a gaban wuyansa, komai a gefen kai da kuma kai da kai, don haka gyara matakan baya. Mataki na gaba an sake saukarwa daga gefen dama a ƙarƙashin ƙananan jaw, yana kokarin ƙoƙarin rufe shi gaba ɗaya. Sa'an nan kuma ana ɗaure bandeji zuwa gawar, yana maimaita wannan mataki. Sake sake maimaita hanya ta wuyansa, bayan haka a karshe ya gyara takalma a kan kai
Ɗaya ido	Bandage zai fara ne tare da ƙarfin ƙarfafawa biyu na bandeji, wanda zai haifar da yanayin ciwo na ido dama daga hagu zuwa dama, hagu - daga dama zuwa hagu. Bayan haka, bandage ya fadi daga gefen rauni har zuwa bayan kai, rauni a kunnen kunne, yana yin tawali'u ta kunci kuma yana rufe ido kuma an gyara shi a cikin motsi madauwari. An sake maimaita mataki akai sau da yawa, yana rufe kowanne sabon layi na bandeji na baya ta kusan rabin

Bandages tare da zub da jini

Ruwa yana da asarar jini a kan rashin amincin jini.

Sharuɗɗa don shigar da takalma don zub da jini daban-daban

Irin jini	Bayani	Dokar miya
Na al'ada	Jinin yana da haske ja kuma yana damuwa tare da jet din mai karfi	Hanya wuri a sama da rauni tare da hannu, mai ziyartar ko mai daɗi daga masana'anta. Irin nau'in takalma mai mahimmanci
Sune	Jini yana launi a cikin duhu launi mai laushi kuma yana gudana a ko'ina	Sashin jiki ya kamata ya zama mafi girma, ya kamata a yi amfani da gauze ga ciwo kuma a ɗaure da takalma, wato, matsa lamba An yi amfani da abincin da aka yi a cikin rauni!
Capillary	Jini yana wucewa daga kowane rauni	Yi amfani da bandeji na bakararre, bayan haka zub da jini ya kamata ya daina dakatar da sauri
Mixed	Ya haɗa halaye na jinsin da suka gabata	Aiwatar da bandeji mai matsa lamba
Parenchymal (na ciki)	Hanyoyin jini na jini daga jikin ciki	Yi gyare-gyare ta amfani da jakar filastik kankara

Dokoki na musamman don sanyawa takunkumi ga lalata daga ɗayan:

1. Bint sa a karkashin ƙwayayyen, dan kadan a sama da shafin ciwo.
2. Haša fakiti na kankara (akalla).
3. Haɗa karfi da ƙarfi.
4. Dauki iyakar.

Babban tsarin miya shi ne sanya wani kayan yawon shakatawa a kan tufafi ko sanya kayan ado (gauze, towel, scarf da sauransu).

Tare da ayyuka masu kyau, zub da jinin ya kamata ya tsaya, kuma wurin da ke cikin baƙi ya kamata ya zama kodadde. Tabbatar hašawa bayanin rubutu zuwa bandeji tare da kwanan wata da lokaci (hours da minti) na miya. Bayan bayar da taimako na farko, bai kamata ya dauki fiye da 1.5-2 hours kafin a ba da wanda aka azabtar zuwa asibiti, in ba haka ba za'a sami ceto ga yankunan da suka ji rauni.

Dokokin da ake sanyawa takunkumi

Ya kamata a yi amfani da bandages don rage dukkan nau'in jini na jini a wurare masu ɓarnawa, da kuma rage girman rubutu.

Sharuɗɗa don ɗaukar nauyin takunkumi:

1. Fatar jiki da ke kusa da rauni (kimanin guda biyu zuwa hudu) ana bi da shi tare da antiseptic.
2. Idan akwai abubuwa na waje a cikin rauni, ya kamata a cire su nan da nan.
3. A matsayin kayan ado, an yi amfani da shi na kayan kunshin kayan shafa da aka yi a shirye-shiryen ko yatsa mai launin auduga idan ba haka ba ne, wani bandeji, mai laushi mai tsabta, ruwan tabo.
4. An riga an gyara riguna a kan rauni tare da bandeji, scarf, scarf.
5. Ka yi ƙoƙarin yin fuska sosai, amma ba ta jawo wurin lalacewa ba.

Hadaitaccen gyaran gyaran fuska ya kamata ya dakatar da jini. Amma idan ta yi kokarin yaduwa da jini duka ɗaya, to, baza buƙatar cire shi ba kafin ya tafi asibiti. Ya kamata a danƙa shi kawai daga sama, da farko a ajiye jakar jakarta a karkashin sabon bandeji.

Hanyoyi na riguna

An yi amfani da riguna na yin amfani da shi don tabbatar da rufewa daga wurin lalacewa don hana haɗuwa da ruwa da iska. An yi amfani dashi don raunuka.

Sharuɗɗa don sanyawa riguna:

1. Sanya wanda aka azabtar a matsayin wuri.
2. Bi da fata kusa da ciwo tare da antiseptic (hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, barasa).
3. A kan rauni da kuma yankin da ke kusa da jiki tare da radius na biyar zuwa goma cm, ana amfani da toshe antiseptic.
4. Ana yin amfani da takalma na gaba da kayan shafawa (wanda ya kamata bakararre), alal misali, jakar filastik, fim din abinci, zane-zane, maikin mai.
5. Layer na uku yana kunshe da takalmin auduga-gauze, wanda ke taka rawa da maƙarƙashiya.
6. Dukkan layi an ƙaddara tare da fanda mai fadi.

Lokacin da ake yin gyaran gyare-gyare, tuna cewa kowane sabon salo na riguna ya zama ya fi girma fiye da baya ta 5-10 cm.

Hakika, idan akwai irin wannan yiwuwar, shi ne mafi kyau don amfani da IPP - Mutum miya kunshin, wanda yake shi ne bandeji a haɗe da biyu auduga-gauze gammaye. Ɗaya daga cikin su an gyara, ɗayan kuma yana motsawa tare da shi.

Aikace-aikacen kayan shafawa

An yi amfani da gyaran gyare-gyare marasa amfani a lokuta inda akwai wani rauni mai rauni kuma ana buƙatar hana ƙyama da ƙananan ƙwayoyin waje daga shiga ciki. Don haka ana buƙatar ba kawai don yin amfani da gyaran gyaran daidai ba, wanda dole ne ya zama bakararre, amma kuma tabbatar da shi.

Dokokin da za a sanya wani rigin gyare-gyare:

1. Kula da raunuka tare da maganin antiseptic na musamman, amma ba a yi amfani da ruwa don wannan dalili ba.
2. Haɗa kai tsaye zuwa gauze na rauni, girman ya fi girma daga rauni na 5 cm, a baya ya rataye cikin lakabi da dama.
3. Rubutun launi na auduga (sauƙaƙe), wanda ya fi girma fiye da gauze ta biyu zuwa uku santimita.
4. Sanya rigar tamba tare da takalma ko fenti mai magani.

Da kyau, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ƙananan bandages na musamman. Sun ƙunshi wani nau'i na kayan hygroscopic da ke shafar jini da kyau kuma ya kwantar da rauni.

Don kare lafiyar da kyau daga samun datti da kuma kamuwa da cuta, ƙari kuma hada manne-gyare-gyare na fata daga kowane bangare zuwa fata tare da taimakon filastar shafawa. Sa'an nan kuma gyara shi tare da bandeji.

Lokacin da kayan hawan ya shafa tare da jini, dole ne a maye gurbinsa da sabon saƙo: gaba ɗaya ko kawai saman layin. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, alal misali, sabili da babu sauran jigon bakararre, za a iya ciwo rauni, tare da wanke kayan shafa tare da iodine tincture.

Gilashin bandages

Lokacin da aka ba da taimako na farko don raunuka, babban abu shine tabbatar da rashin lalatawar shafin yanar gizo na rauni, a sakamakon haka, don rage ciwo da kuma hana ƙaurawar kashi kashi a nan gaba.

Babban alamu na fashe:

• Raunuka mai tsanani a yankin da rauni, wanda ba ya daina na tsawon sa'o'i.
• Baqin bakin ciki.
• Tare da fashewar ƙira - kumburi, kumburi, gurɓin jiki a wuri na lalacewa.
• Tare da raunin budewa, wani rauni daga abin da ɓangaren gutsurewa na kashi yake.
• Ƙuntataccen iyakoki ko jimlar kowa.

Babban ka'idoji na gyaran haɓaka ga ƙananan haɓaka:

1. Ya kamata a yi gyaran gyare-gyare.
2. Idan babu takaddama na musamman, zaka iya amfani da abubuwa masu ingantaccen abu: sanda, igiya, kananan allon, mai mulki, da sauransu.
3. Tabbatar da lalacewar wanda aka azabtar.
4. Don gyara fatar jiki, yi amfani da taya biyu da aka nannade da zane mai laushi ko ulu auduga.
5. Sanya takalma a tarnaƙi na rarraba, dole ne su fahimci dakunan da ke ƙasa da sama da lalacewa.
6. Idan raunin yana tare da raunin rauni da jini na jini, to:

• Sama da raunin da aka yi da rauni an shirya wa wani yawon shakatawa;
• Ana amfani da takalma ga ciwo;
• A gefen ɓangaren da aka ji rauni, ana amfani da taya biyu.

Idan ka sanya kowane nau'i na bandeji ba daidai ba, to, maimakon samar da taimako na farko, zaka iya haifar da mummunan cutar ga lafiyar wanda aka azabtar, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar.