Non-narcotic da narcotic analgesics: inji na aikin da kuma aikace-aikace

Analgesics - wannan yana nufin cewa raunana ko cire abin mamaki na zafi yayin da rike sani da kuma sauran m nau'in. Baya zafi na faruwa a sakamakon zumudi don haka ya kira nociceptors, wanda ake sarrafa a kan fata, mucous membranes da serous membranes, da kuma a cikin kauri daga daban-daban gabobin da kuma tsarin. Pain rabe suna m da jiki (inji, thermal, lantarki, da dai sauransu) da kuma exogenous sinadarai (acid, sansanonin, nauyi karfe salts, phenol, da dai sauransu) da kuma na ciki dalilai gina jiki hali (histamine, serotonin, bradykinin).

Saboda haka, zafi ne mai physiological inji na kayadadden manifestations na wani rashin daidaituwa a cikin jiki, sabili da haka, shi ne m. Amma musamman karfi da kuma dogon zafi ne pathological, kamar yadda depletes jiki, tsoma baki tare da aiki na muhimmanci gabobin da kuma iya ko da kai ga mutuwa daga buga. Daga wannan ra'ayi, da kungiyar analgesics ne na girma m darajar, da kuma tarihi ne wani gagarumin nasara daga mutãne.

Rage ko dakatar da zafi iya zama daban-daban hanyoyi. A mafi inganci da kuma m - shi ne a cire dalili, wanda, da rashin alheri, ba ko da yaushe zai yiwu, saboda akwai ba ko da yaushe iya sauri gane shi. Saboda haka sau da yawa shi yana zuwa dan lokaci deaden zafi ta amfani da medicaments na daban-daban pharmacological kungiyoyin. A saboda wannan dalili wanda zai iya amfani da kwayoyi, gida m, cholinolytic, spasmolytics, anticonvulsants, astringents, Yanã rufe wajen.

A yanayi na tsakiya m tsarin, asalin da kuma sinadaran halitta na analgesics ya kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin: narcotic da kuma wadanda ba narcotic.

Narcotic analgesics - shi ne opium da kwayoyi da cewa suna da wani irin sakamako. Suna halin, sama da dukan, musaman sakamako a kan ta tsakiya m tsarin. Nuna wani analgesic sakamako, musamman a lokuta na ba-kumburi (a lokacin da gagarumin rauni, m marurai). Opioids hanyar maimaita gwamnati a marasa lafiya tare da m da kuma ta jiki dogara. Kwayoyi a cikin wannan kungiya ta ƙara zafi bakin kofa ji na ƙwarai. Irin likitoci rubũta analgesics don magance ciwo mai tsanani a gaban konewa, raunin da ya faru, da dai sauransu Har ila yau, wadannan kwayoyi an wajabta ga marasa lafiya da unresectable m neoplasms. Narcotic analgesics sauƙaƙe m jihar na haƙuri. Wadannan kwayoyi kamata ba a yi amfani da fiye da uku ko hudu kwanaki, in ba haka ba akwai jaraba, da kuma mutane sama kamu.

Narcotic analgesics (opium) ya ƙunshi fiye da 30 alkaloids da sauran abubuwa, da suka hada da carbohydrates, sunadarai, lipids, gamsai, ma'adinai salts, da dai sauransu. Opium ƙunshi mutane da yawa morphine (game da 12%), narcotine (10%), codeine (3-5%) kuma papeverina (1%).

Narcotic analgesics: mafi m kwayoyi

Daga cikin narcotic sakamako yana nufin mafi muhimmanci ne morphine hydrochloride, codeine phosphate, opium tsantsa bushe, ethylmorphine hydrochloride (dionin), tincture na opium sauki, promedol, omnopon et al.

Non-narcotic analgesics - suna da kudi da cewa nuna analgesic, kuma antipyretic sakamako antivovospalitelnoe. Ba kamar miyagun ƙwayoyi, da suka rage, ko taimaka zafi hade tare da kumburi tafiyar matakai a cikin gidajen abinci, kashi, tsoka da sauran kyallen takarda (neuralgia, murdede kuma articular bli, rheumatic, hakori raunuka, da dai sauransu). Wannan ya nuna cewa tushen analgesia ne wani anti-mai kumburi sakamako. Bugu da kari, ba-narcotic analgesics ba sa hypnotic sakamako da kuma asar, sai murna, ba kashe da tari, da kuma na numfashi cibiyoyin.

Na girma m muhimmanci shi ne antipyretic sakamako na ba-narcotic analgesics. An sani cewa jiki zafin jiki ƙaruwa a cututtuka saboda da mataki na pyrogenic abubuwa (kayayyakin na gina jiki hydrolysates, amino acid, nucleic acid, da ake dasu gubobi, da dai sauransu) a kan interoreceptors cewa aika da zumudi da thermoregulatory cibiyar. M thermoregulation cibiyar, canza tsanani zafi samar da zafi canja wuri matakai, na inganta jiki hyperthermia yana da wani muhimmanci m. Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta hyperthermia iya isa wani hatsari matakin domin rayuwa na jiki, da kuma kariya ta halin jũya a cikin pathological. A irin haka shi ne bu mai kyau don amfani antipyretics.

Non-narcotic analgesics: rarrabuwa

Idan akai la'akari da sinadaran tsarin na kwayoyi ya kasu kashi da dama kungiyoyin: Kalam na salicylic acid (methyl salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid ko asfirin), pyrazolone (analgin, phenylbutazone, phenazone), para-aminophenol (acetaminophen), indole acetic acid (indomethacin), propionic acid (naproxen, ketoprofen), anthranilic acid (mefenamic acid da kuma flufenamic) pirrolizinkarboksilovoy acid (ketorolac).

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mun an samar da wani rukuni na maganin ciwo - maras steroidal analgesics. Mafi mashahuri wajen wannan kungiyar ne: piroxicam, diclofenac, indomethacin. Su inji na mataki ya shafi tarewa da kira na enzyme - cyclooxygenase. Wannan enzyme inganta samuwar prostaglandins - manyan shiga tsakani na zafi da kumburi halayen. Har ila yau, kasafi na wadannan kudi toshe bradykinin, wanda aka samu da hannu a cikin abin da ya faru da kuma rarraba zafi da kumburi.