Kasusuwa da babba mutum wata gabar jiki

Domin kwarangwal hannuwa adam sun hada da, ƙashi na daga cikin manya reshe da kafada. A Anatomy, fãce hannu kasũsuwa, ashe, tsaya fita ko da gidajen abinci da kuma jijiyoyin kamar yadda na game sassa daga gare ta. Upper wata gabar jiki an hada da: kafada kashi, forearms, hannuwanku (wuyan hannu, metacarpal da phalanges).

Features na humerus

Wannan reshe memba ne na dogon tubular kashi. Yana hada da ake kira jiki da kuma epiphysis 2: manya da ƙananan distal proximal. Upper Front kafada bel yana da wani taso siffar, da kuma ƙananan - triangular. A kafada hadin gwiwa ne a fili da na sama epiphysis glenoid fossa ruwa. All ƙashi na daga cikin kwarangwal hada da babba extremities na jiki da kuma epiphyses kuma suna da alaka da juna.

Tsari da kuma aiki na ulna

Bisa ga ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin ulna da radius koma zuwa hannu da dantse. Ulnar kunshi wani jam'i na dogon tubular kasũsuwa, ashe, da kuma gẽfe guda biyu (da proximal da distal epiphysis). A tushe ne a cikin nau'i na kashi trihedron, shi ya bayyana gefuna da suke da wadannan sunayen: gaban (dabino), na baya (dorsal) interosseous (m). A gaban gefen kashi yana da wani madauwari siffar. A na baya ma ke mayar da kadan. Interosseous baki yana da wani nuna siffar da kuma fuskantar da radial kashi.

A bambanci ga distal, proximal epiphysis mafi thickened. Trochlear daraja, wanda yake a cikin sa aka rufe gaba daya da articular guringuntsi. Wannan shi ne zama dole don haka kamar yadda ba ma share gefen kashi a akai babba reshe motsi. A cikin iyakar trochlear daraja located appendages: jijiyoyin zuciya da kuma ulna. A gaban surface wani kashi located kasa da coronoid tsari yana da wani Bumpy tsarin.

Manya da ƙananan epiphyses na radius da ulna na hannu hulɗa tare da juna ta hanyar da gidajen abinci. Wani dangane da ƙashi na daga cikin manya wata gabar jiki - shi ne wani hadadden tsari, musamman a yankin na gwiwar hannu. Idan wani rauni da ya faru da kuma lalace da gwiwar hannu hadin gwiwa ko fragmented ƙasũsuwa a shi, shi za a yi da dama ayyuka da kuma yadda ake gudanar da masana, kafin gwiwar hannu zai iya aiki a sake.

A kaikaice gefen (m surface) daga cikin manya reshe memba hada da wani sabon katako, a sako ga shigarwa na radial kai. Wannan rami don gaba, na daga cikin kashi da kashi kanta ta samar da wata proximal hadin gwiwa na hannu da dantse.

Kamar a kaikaice bangare na distal epiphysis, kuma a posteromedial sashen yana styloid tsari, wanda wajibi ne ga mai kyau bunch na guntun abubuwa. Mun gani cewa yana da wuya a sami ulna, wanda tare da katako Forms, ƙashi na daga cikin manya reshe. Human haltta - tsarin da dukkan gabobin da kuma tsarin, ciki har da ƙasũsuwa da gidajen abinci da kuma wata gabar jiki - ba daban-daban na farko.

A radius daga cikin manya reshe

Bambanci tsakanin biyu aka gyara na hannu da dantse ne cewa distal ƙarshen radius ne muhimmanci thicker fiye da proximal karshen. Wannan ƙarewa Forms taso shugaban, wanda yana da wani lebur sako epiphysis. Saboda wannan akwai da dama mix na ƙasũsuwa. Wannan shi ne shugaban hadin gwiwa surface. A gaban gefe na radius akwai bangaren da cewa shi ne alhakin da aka makala na biceps tsokoki na kafada hadin gwiwa. A tsarin abubuwa suna da alaka da wuyan hannu, ta hanyar m kashi radiotherapy distal epiphysis. Ƙananan epiphysis radius da ulna, a lokacin da a hade, samar da radioulnar hadin gwiwa.

Features wuyan hannu

Kashi mutum babba reshe kunshi short abubuwa shirya a 2 layuka (proximal da distal), kuma suna da sabon abu siffar. A cikin wuyan hannu da shi da aka gabatar a cikin wani nau'i na lankwasa tsagi, da convexity na wadda ke fuskantar baya na hannu.

A proximal jere ne kananan kasusuwa cewa an mai suna bisa ga siffar: jinjirin wata-dimbin yawa, jirgin ruwan-dimbin yawa, triangular. Har ila yau, a nan har yanzu akwai wani pisiform kashi cewa shi ne m da palmar surface wani trihedral kashi. Distal wannan lambar samar da wata trapezoid, capitate da hamate kashi. Don yin ta ayyuka, duk tsarin da aka gyara an shirya haka cewa su ba a cikin wannan jirgin sama. Carpal ƙasũsuwa mutum proximal jere daga cikin manya extremities dokoki da ellipsoidal kumbura. Yana an haɗa zuwa distal epiphysis daga cikin manya iyakar radiation. Kuma da yawan distal kashi articulates da metacarpal.

Kasusuwan na sama reshe

A metacarpal phalanges kafa tubular ƙasũsuwa (tare da daya epiphysis), wanda shi da jiki, a sansanin shugaban. Suna lankwasa, tare da convex gefen ta wajen mayar da goga. A distal jere na wuyan hannu ƙasũsuwa da alaka da kwasfansu, da kuma shugaban - tare da farkon na phalanges. Shugabannin metacarpal ƙasũsuwa dab da tushe daga cikin proximal phalanx, kuma su kai kashi articulates da farkon na distal phalanges located. Kowane yatsa yana 3 phalanges: da proximal, tsakiya, distal. Duk da haka, da ɗan yatsa na biyu kawai.

Kowane phalanx, kazalika da duk sauran ƙasusuwa daga cikin manya extremities, da tankwara wanda aka bayyana a sama, kuma yana da tushe jiki da kuma shugaban. Amma su halayyar ne cewa suna sahu guda bayan da wasu. A wannan yanayin, duk uku phalanges akwai gaskiya guda ɗaya kaɗai epiphysis. A proximal ɓangare na wuyan hannu da daya rami cikin abin da suka suna da alaka da gaba kashi. Middle da distal phalanges ne dan kadan daban-daban daga proximal, kamar yadda suke da biyu ramuka ta samar da wata hadin gwiwa. Wadannan tududa da wani lebur siffar, rabu tsakanin su ne kananan scallops. Kowane karshe phalanx na wani yatsa a saman dan kadan Tapered, flattened kuma roughened.

Kashi free babba reshe na fili

Duk da ƙasũsuwa ne juna gidajen abinci, shi damar da wani mutum ya motsa illa ma sha Allahu. Fili babba reshe kasũsuwa, ashe, clavicle, kuma scapula, ya nuna hada biyu guda biyu gidajen abinci: thoracic maha? Ar da rike iyakar da clavicle da sternum acromial acromion ta iyakar da ruwan wukake. Next ruwa cuta - da babba mai gangara, yana da wani nau'i na gajeren bakin ciki katako, spanned kan incision ruwa. Opening domin gabatarwa na jijiyoyi da jini kafa ta gangara jijiya da yankan da kuma sau da yawa ossified. A cikin mutane, kashi tsarin da babba extremities ne sosai m.

Acromioclavicular hadin gwiwa iya matsar a cikin wani shugabanci, amma mita na motsi ne low. Yana hana su daga rostral-clavicular jijiya. An raba rectangular da triangular jijiya. Quadrilateral ne trapezoid siffar, a triangular - mazugi. Dukansu jijiyoyin ga juna a wani kwana.

Description of kafada hadin gwiwa

Kasusuwan na sama reshe motsi taka muhimmiyar rawa kafada hadin gwiwa. Hanya hadin gwiwa kafa ta shugaban na humerus da glenoid rami na ruwa. Wannan rami ne m-dimbin yawa, bautarka daya da kwata na yanki na kai, dan kadan concave. Glenoid lebe ne ba a cikin shi, qara congruence na connective nama, ya rufe tare da hyaline guringuntsi. hadin gwiwa kwantena yana da wani 'yancin walwala, don haka shi za a iya tattara a cikin folds da saukar kashi. Yana ƙarfafa tsokoki, da jijiyoyin, located in da kafada hadin gwiwa. humeral shugaban sandararru tsokoki da jijiyoyin cikin hadin gwiwa kogo. A cikin ƙananan gaban ɓangare na kafada hadin gwiwa tsokoki ne mãsu fakowa ba. An kewaye da mucous bags, wanda hulɗa tare da glenoid kogo.

Jini da kafada hadin gwiwa yakan ta da gaba da kuma raya jijiya located a kusa da babba hannu kashi. Wannan fili kashi ne sosai mobile, shi ne halin da wadannan matakai: juyawa, madauwari motsi, tsawo, lankwashewa, sata, hadawa. A cikin mutane, ƙashi na daga cikin manya da ƙananan extremities ne dan kadan daban-daban, amma mahadi da fasali m.

The wuya daga cikin gwiwar hannu hadin gwiwa

A gwiwar hannu hadin gwiwa da aka kafa tsakanin farko, da ulna da radius. Yana yana da kananan uku gidajen abinci a ciki wannan babban dangane:

• humeroulnar.
• brachioradialis.
• radioulnar.

Godiya ga hadin gwiwa kwantena da janar rami ake hada cikin wani hadadden hadin gwiwa mai rufi da hyaline guringuntsi.

Humeroulnar da brachioradialis gidajen abinci aiki tare don sa da lankwashewa da tsawo, da kuma radioulnar da hannu a ƙungiyoyi na hannu da dantse. Daban-daban motsi sa wani babban yawan tsokoki. Irin wannan hadadden tsari ba zai iya zama ba tare da goyon baya. Kuma wannan tallafi a hadin gwiwa ne a cikin nau'i na ulnar da radial jijiyoyin. Sun zagaya da kai, ƙashi na daga cikin manya reshe. Human Anatomy da aka tsara don haka da cewa ta wannan faruwa hadin gwiwa don hana lankwasawa a gaban shugabanci.

Ta yaya ne, ƙashi na daga hannu da dantse?

A radius da ulna suna located kusa, kuma karshen alaka da hadin gwiwa. Epiphysis daga wadannan Tsarin an haɗa ka da distal da proximal gidajen abinci. Yana yana da wani membrane cewa shi ne farkon m tsokoki daga cikin manya reshe rabo ga bond ƙarfi tsakanin waɗannan ƙasusuwa. A babba dangane (proximal) ne wani ɓangare daga cikin gwiwar hannu da kuma ƙananan yi da kansa. Distal radioulnar fili da aka ware daga wata kananan wuyan hannu articular faifai. Yana yana cikin siffar wani alwatika da concave saman na farantin.

A tsarin da wuyan hannu hadin gwiwa

Carpal ƙasũsuwa an haɗa ka da radial kashi tare da taimakon da articular saman na faifai da kuma dangane da duka mahalarta ba. A proximal carpal ƙasũsuwa da darajõji sosai juna, don haka da articular surface - wannan shi ne daya yankin a kan wani ɓangare na wuyan hannu. Ta, ba shakka, kasa da surface na radius, don haka da cewa Disc a cikin wani nau'i na alwatika taimaka wajen gama biyu daban-daban-sized hadin gwiwa yankin. Bugu da kari, yana taimaka wa rarrabe fili ulna, wanda aka kewaye a kan dukkan bangarorin da jijiyoyin sun hadu.

Wanne gidajen abinci suna da hannu a haɗa da ƙashi na daga hannun kuma yatsunsu?

Kashi goga ake juna ta hanyar uku gidajen abinci:

1. Srednezapyastny. An located tsakanin ƙasusuwan na farko da na biyu jere daga cikin wuyan hannu. A biyu saman na wuyan hannu (dabino da baya) akwai mutane da yawa jijiyoyin. Wannan shi ne saboda hannun da ake rayayye aiki, suna bukatar su yi kananan ƙungiyoyi, lanƙwasa, unbend. Wannan karfi jijiyoyin aka kira annuri jijiyoyin da wuyan hannu.
2. Carpometacarpal. Hudu metacarpal ƙasũsuwa da daya kwantena da kuma hadin gwiwa da jirgin sama. The hadin gwiwa na thumb rabu da sauran.

Yatsa ƙasũsuwa da alaka da juna ta hanyar metacarpophalangeal da interphalangeal gidajen abinci. Baya ga wadannan, akwai har yanzu babban adadin karfi jijiyoyin kan kowane yatsa da damar da mutum ya tanƙwara da unbend yatsunsu. Kamar yadda ka gani, da tsarin da mutum babba reshe ne wajen rikitarwa, amma saboda wannan suna daban-daban motsi.