Shiri na ethylene

Ethylene ko ethene - shi ne mai colorless, flammable gas tare da m Muscat da wani dadi wari. Its sinadaran dabara C2H4. Ethene ne mafi sauki alkene (unsaturated hydrocarbons da ciwon daya biyu bond tsakanin m carbon atoms). Matauni taro - 28,05 g / mol. Narkewa batu - -169,2 ° C, ruwan zafin jiki - -103,7 ° C. Flashpoint - -136 ° C, da autoignition - +542,8 ° C. A 1680, I. Berger (Jamus likita da kuma sunadarai) na ethyl barasa lokacin da fallasa su mai da vitriol (don haka ya kira yayin da sulfuric acid) aka fara cika samun ethylene daga ethanol. A tsarin dabara ethylene a 1860, kafa Rasha sunadarai A. M. Butlerov dauki na methyl iodide da tagulla. Wannan gas ne dan kadan m fiye iska, shi ne talauci mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, a cikin kwayoyin kaushi, - mai kyau.

ethylene Shiri kuma nazarin da kaddarorin, farkon wadda ke da alaka da tsakiyar karni na 19th ya haddasa a yau cewa ethylene ne mafi mashahuri Organic fili. Its a duk duniya da samar ya kai fiye da ton miliyan 109 a 2006. Yau, da samun ethylene ci gaba da fitowa. By 2010, shi samar babu kasa da 117 da kamfanoni a 55 ƙasashe. Ethylene da ake amfani da albarkatun kasa a samar da polyethylenes na high da kuma low matsa lamba sevilene da sauran polymeric kayan samu a kan aiwatar da copolymerization tare da daban-daban comonomers. Har ila yau, shi ne amfani da samar da ethylbenzene da styrene, ethylene oxide, vinyl chloride, roba acetate, acetic acid, ethyl barasa da kuma ethylene glycol.

Abin da ya sa da ci gaban da na samar iya aiki, da nufin samun wani ethylene? Yafi fadada daga cikin kasuwar na polymeric kayan. Polyethylene irin cinye fiye da rabin na duniya samar da ethylene. A polymeric abu ne mafi yadu amfani roba a duniya. Saboda an yi shi film for dalilai daban-daban. Ƙirgar alpha-olefins samu ta hanyar oligomerization (samuwar short polymer sarƙoƙi) ana amfani da precursors, ƙuna, plasticizers, roba lubricants, Additives, da kuma yadda comonomers a samar da polyethylenes. Wani babbar amfani da ethylene shugabanci - ne ta hadawan abu da iskar shaka, don samar, wanda shi ne babban albarkatun kasa a samar da surface-aiki da kuma jamiái ƙuna ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide ne hõre hydration a sakamakon samu ethylene. An yadu amfani da matsayin mota maganin daskarewa.

Yau, da shiri na ethylene ne da za'ayi m da pyrolysis na mike gudu fetur ko mai fadi da sulusi da murabba'i na haske hydrocarbons. A Rasha da kuma tsohon Tarayyar Soviet akwai daban-daban ikon shigarwa gina duka biyu ga m (Giprokauchuk, VNIPINeft, Bashgiproneftekhim) da kuma na waje na'urorin fasahar zamani (Linde AG). Data kasance samar da za a iya raba uku kungiyoyin: low ikon (30 da 60 ton a kowace shekara na ethylene.), Medium (100 da 200 dubu ton a kowace shekara.) Kuma high (300 da 450 dubu ton na ethylene shekara.). Wanda a duniya suna sarrafa shuka da mai yawa mafi girma iya aiki: daga 400 zuwa 500, kuma har zuwa 800 dubu ton na ethylene a kowace shekara. Wannan karuwa a samar da damar don rage takamaiman abu, makamashi da kuma babban birnin kasar ta halin kaka.

Shiri na ethylene ne da za'ayi a cikin sinadaran masana'antu, ciki har da pyrolysis shuka, wani gas rabuwa naúrar, da kafa demineralizer. Albarkatun kasa - gas ko wasu haske mai sulusi da murabba'i in refining ko garwayayye daga gare tare da ruwa tururi (a aiwatar domin rage samuwar coke a makera shambura). A albarkatun kasa kawota ga pyrolysis makera, inda zazzabi na 750 zuwa 900 ° C kafa pyrogas kunshi hydrogen da hydrocarbons wanda kwayoyin dauke da daya (methane) zuwa ashirin carbon atoms. Heat na pyrolysis da ake amfani a ta musamman inji, wanda aka samar daga bi da ruwa daga high matsa lamba tururi, da kuma sanyaya pyrogas shiga guduro rabuwa naúrar pyrolysis (m) da kuma pyrocondensate. Sa'an nan pyrogas dauke da yafi hydrocarbons daga C1 zuwa C4, aka kawota ga turbocharger (da injin turbin kore ta high matsa lamba tururi), wanda a karkashin matsin an ciyar da barasan shafi gas rabuwa tsarin. Akwai wani kasafi na asali kayayyakin kamar ethylene da propylene (ta fitarwa, kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da ethylene, ko da yaushe a biyu sau kasa), da kuma byproducts na hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, butylene-butadiene sulusi da murabba'i, kwalta pyrolysis haske ko gyara avtmobilnyh fetur.

Har ila yau, zai yiwu shirya ethylene catalytic pyrolysis. A wani masana'antu sikelin, wannan hanya ba a aiwatar, ko da yake fitina a cikin kasar a lokacin da za'ayi ba kawai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje saituna, amma kuma a masana'antu halin wurare. A amfani da shi ne zai yiwu don rage pyrolysis zazzabi da yin amfani da catalysts. By kara selectivity (selectivity) na aiwatar da aka kara, kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da thermal pyrolysis, yawan amfanin ƙasa na ethylene da propylene, rage samuwar by-kayayyakin, da kuma coke. A halin yanzu, masu bincike a cikin kasashe daban-daban suna aiki zuwa ga search for wani tasiri mai kara kuzari da kuma hardware zane tsari.