Ina da hoton na farin jini Kwayoyin a cikin mutane?

Our jiki - mai ban mãmãki. Shi ne iya samar da dukkan dole abubuwa ga rayuwa, mu jimre da dama ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin, a karshe yake ba mu da wata al'ada rayuwa.

Ina da hoton na farin jini Kwayoyin a cikin mutane?

Human jini kunshi kafa abubuwa da jini. Leukocytes ne daya daga wadannan kafa abubuwa tare da erythrocytes da platelets. Su colorless, da ginshikin ya kuma iya matsar da kansa. Dubi karkashin madubin iya kawai bayan kafin canza launi. Jikuna a cikin mutum rigakafi da tsarin, inda da image na fari da maikacin jini, da suka samu a cikin jini da kyallen takarda. Su kuma iya matsawa da yardar kaina daga tasoshin a kusa da kyallen takarda.

Leucocytes matakin ya biyo. Bayan gyarawa a kan jirgin ruwa bango, wani farin jini cell form pseudopodia (pseudopodia), wanda Firaministan ta bango da kuma kama shi ga masana'anta waje. Sa'an nan matse ta hanyar da crack da kuma rayayye motsa zuwa wasu Kwayoyin a cikin jiki, abu "sedentary" salon. Su motsi kama da motsi na amoeba (microscopic guda-celled kwayoyin daga cikin sauki matakin).

Babban ayyuka na leukocytes

Duk da kamance da leukocyte amoebas, suka yi hadaddun ayyuka. Su main aiki ne don kare jiki daga daban-daban ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin, halakar m Kwayoyin. Leukocytes ke bi kwayoyin cuta, envelop, kuma ya halaka su. Wannan tsari shine ake kira phagocytosis, wanda aka fassara daga Latin nufin "cin wani abu Kwayoyin." Halakar da cutar mafi wuya. A cutar ƙwayoyin cuta mallakeku a adam Kwayoyin. Saboda haka, domin kai su, dole ne ka halakar da farin jini Kwayoyin Kwayoyin tare da ƙwayoyin cuta. M farin jini Kwayoyin suna kuma hallaka.

Ina farin jini Kwayoyin suna kafa da kuma yadda mutane da yawa rayuwa?

A yin ta ayyuka, da yawa farin jini Kwayoyin mutu, don haka jiki samar da su kullum. Farin jini Kwayoyin suna kafa a cikin gabobin na ga mutum rigakafi da tsarin: a cikin thymus (thymus), bargo, Lymph nodes, tonsils, saifa, kuma hanjinsu lymphoid tsarin (a cikin Peyer ta faci). Wadannan gabobi suna located in wurare daban-daban na jiki. A bargo ne ma wani wuri inda image na fari da maikacin jini, platelets, ja jini Kwayoyin. An yi imani da cewa farin jini Kwayoyin rayuwa ga game da 12 days. Duk da haka, wasu daga cikinsu ya mutu sosai da sauri abin da ya faru a lokacin da suka yi yãƙi tãre da wani yawa m kwayoyin. Matattu farin jini Kwayoyin za a iya gani, idan akwai mugunya, wanda shi ne wani tari na su. A maimakonsu na jikinsu na da rigakafi da tsarin, inda da image na fari da maikacin jini, akwai sabon Kwayoyin da kuma ci gaba don halakar da kwayoyin.

A lokaci guda a cikin T-lymphocytes da immunologic memory Kwayoyin cewa rayuwa shekaru da dama. Na sadu da wani lymphocyte, misali, tare da irin wani dodo, kamar kwayar cutar Ebola - shi zai tuna da shi domin rayuwa. A na biyu gamuwa da cutar Kwayoyin suna canza kama zuwa manyan lymphoblasts, wanda suna da ikon ninka hanzari. Sai suka zama kisa Kwayoyin (kisa Kwayoyin), wanda block samun m kwayoyin abokai cutar. Wannan ne da ke nuni da kariyar ga cutar.

Kamar yadda farin jini Kwayoyin gane gabatarwar da cutar a cikin jiki?

Kwayoyin na kowane mutum akwai interferon tsarin, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na m rigakafi. Tare da gabatarwar da cutar a cikin jiki arna a samar da interferon - mai gina jiki abu da kare ba tukuna kamuwa Kwayoyin daga shigar azzakari cikin farji na ƙwayoyin cuta. Lokaci guda, interferon-kunna kisa lymphocytes, wanda daya ne jinsunan leukocytes. Daga bargo, wanda farin jini Kwayoyin suna kafa, suna aiki da kamuwa Kwayoyin, kuma ya halaka su. Duk da haka, wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da su, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa fada daga cikin halakar da Kwayoyin. Precipitated ƙwayoyin cuta kokarin shiga ko maras kamu Kwayoyin, amma interferon kare wadannan Kwayoyin daga gabatarwar. Ƙwayoyin cuta waje da cell, ba mai yiwuwa da kuma mutuwa da sauri.

Fada ƙwayoyin cuta da interferon tsarin

A ci gaba da ƙwayoyin cuta sun koyi su kashe da interferon tsarin, wanda shi ne ma m a gare su. A karfi hana ruwa guda sakamako a kan mura ƙwayoyin cuta mallake ta. Ko da more yanã raunanar da wannan tsarin da mutum immunodeficiency cutar (HIV). Duk da haka, duk da records karya zazzabin cutar Ebola, wanda kusan tubalan da interferon tsarin, da barin jiki m zuwa kusan wata babbar dama ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin. Daga cikin baƙin ciki, Lymph nodes da kuma sauran gabobin alaka da rigakafi da tsarin, inda da image na fari da maikacin jini, da barin wani sabon Kwayoyin. Amma, kada samun sigina a kan halakar da cutar, su ne m. A wannan yanayin da mutum kwayoyin da rai fara decompose, forming wani jam'i na mai guba abubuwa suna karya jini da mutum bleeds. Mutuwa yakan auku a mako na biyu na rashin lafiya.

Kuma a lõkacin da akwai kebantattun?

Idan rashin lafiya mutum, ko in ba haka ba rashin lafiya da kuma gano, sa'an nan shi a kafa barga samu rigakafi da cewa an bayar da leukocytes na ga kungiyoyin na T-lymphocytes da kuma B-lymphocytes. Wadannan farin jini Kwayoyin samar a cikin bargo daga precursor Kwayoyin. An samo rigakafi tasowa bayan alurar riga kafi. Wadannan lymphocytes ne Masani game da cutar, wanda shi ne a cikin jiki, don haka su suka kai mataki na mayar da hankali. A cutar ne kusan ba zai yiwu a shawo kan wannan iko shãmaki.

Yadda lymphocytes-makasan kashe Kwayoyin zama m?

Kafin ka kashe m Kwayoyin, shi ne zama dole a samu da shi. Lymphocytes-makasan relentlessly neman wadannan Kwayoyin. An shiryar da su zuwa abin da ake kira histocompatibility antigens (antigens nama karfinsu) ayi a kan salula membranes. Gaskiyar ita ce, idan cell wani virus, sa'an nan da cell don agazawa da kwayoyin dooms kanta ga mutuwa, kamar yadda idan amai da "black flag", sigina gabatarwar da cutar a shi. Wannan "black flag" ne game da gabatar da cutar, wanda shi ne a cikin nau'i na wani rukuni na kwayoyin dake kusa da babbar histocompatibility antigens. Wannan bayani zai iya "ga" lymphocyte-kisa. Wannan ikon ya samu bayan da horo a cikin thymus. Iko a kan sakamakon horo ne da wuya. Idan lymphocyte ba koyi rarrabe lafiya Kwayoyin daga haƙuri, ya zai babu makawa za a halakar. Tare da wannan mai sauki m tsira kawai game da 2% na kisa lymphocytes, wanda sa'an nan ya fito daga thymus don kare jiki daga m Kwayoyin. Lokacin da lymphocyte daidai kayyade cewa tantanin halitta ya kamu, shi ya sa ta a "na mutuwa allura", da kuma cell mutu.

Saboda haka, leukocytes taka muhimmiyar rawa a kare jiki da pathogenic jamiái da m Kwayoyin. Wannan kananan rashin warriors babban defenses - interferon da kuma rigakafi da tsarin. Su massively mutu a yakin, amma daga baƙin ciki, Lymph nodes, bargo, tonsils, da kuma sauran gabobin na rigakafi da tsarin, inda siffar da farin jini Kwayoyin a cikin mutane domin maye gurbin su fita da yawa daga cikin sabuwar kafa Kwayoyin suna shirya, kamar su magabata, to sadakar da ransu domin kare kanka da ceto na jikin mutum. Leukocytes tabbatar da mu rayuwa a cikin external yanayi, cike da wata babbar dama daban-daban kwayoyin da ƙwayoyin cuta.