Irin adabi da kuma su da umurninSa ne. Nau'in na adabi

Wallafe-wallafe - manufar amebicheskoe (daidaita da lissafi, kazalika da wallafe-wallafen iri): ko'ina cikin ƙarni na ci gaban wayewar dan adam, shi babu makawa ya canjãwa biyu a tsari da kuma a ciki. Muna iya amincewa magana game da juyin wannan art a kan duniya sikelin ko mai tsanani takaitawa wasu lokaci lokaci ko takamaiman yankin (d ¯ adabi na tsakiyar zamanai, Rasha adabi na XIX karni., Kuma wasu), duk da haka, bukatar gane shi a matsayin mai gaskiya art na magana da na game ɓangare na duniya al'adu tsari.

Ma'adanin na kalmomi

A bisa ga al'ada, magana game da wallafe-wallafe, da mutum yakan haifar da almarar. Wannan mas'ala (sau da yawa amfani dangantawa - "ma'adanin na jawabin") ya bayyana a cikin tati na almara. Duk da haka, a bambanci, da adabi a wannan lokaci ba ya wanzu a baka da kuma a rubuce (tare da Lat lit (t) eratura -. Zahiri "da aka rubuta" daga lit (t) zamanin - zahiri "harafi"). Almarar yana amfani da matsayin abu guda kalma da kuma rubuta tsarin (na halitta mutum) harshe. Wallafe-wallafe da kuma sauran zane-zane masu kama da juna. Amma ta bayani dalla-dalla da aka kaddara dangane da art siffofin da cewa amfani da sauran kayan maimakon ilimin harsuna-fi'ili (na gani zane-zane, music) ko tare da (songs, wasan kwaikwayo, cinema), a daya bangaren - tare da sauran iri fi'ili rubutu: kimiyya, falsafa, publicist da sauransu. Bugu da kari, da adabi kawo tare da wani hakkin mallaka (ciki har da m) aiki, da bambanci ga fili ba takamaiman marubucin labarin baki halittun.

The uku main iri

Species da danginsu na adabi - wani gagarumin ƙungiya daga fi'ili ayyukan art a cikin category na dangantakar, "da m na magana" (su bayyana) a cikin m dukan. Hukumance, akwai uku na asali iri:

• almara: wani labari, wani almara novela, novella, muqala, short labarin, muqala, labari.
• lyric: madrigal, yabon Allah, wani Ode, ina zaton sakon idyll, epigram, elegy, epitaph, prothalamium.
• ban mamaki: drama, bala'i, tragicomedy, comedy, farce, melodrama, farce.

Nau'in da nau'o'i na adabi

Mafi na kowa rarrabuwa, daga dukan nau'i na adabi rarraba a matsayin wani ɓangare na adabi irin. Suna iya zama almara, wanda ya hada da labarin, labari kuma labarin. to hada da lyrical waqe. ballads da waqe ne poetic. ban mamaki za a iya raba drama, bala'i da kuma comedy. Literary iri za a iya bambanta daga juna da yawan haruffa da kuma storylines, juz'i, fasali da kuma abun ciki. A daban-daban lokaci na tarihin adabi ne daya irin za a iya wakilta a daban-daban nau'o'i. Ga misali: falsafar da kuma m litattafan, jami'in litattafan, zamantakewa da kuma picaresque. Rubuce rabo ayyuka a cikin daban na adabi fara Aristotle a cikin rubutun mai taken "The Poetics". Aikinsa aka ci gaba a cikin sabon lokaci, da Faransa mawãƙi da sukar lamiri Boileau da kuma Jamus marubuci Lessing.

bugawa adabi

Editorial da kuma wallafe-wallafe shiri, t. E. A selection na ayyukan da aka rubuta domin m bugu, yawanci daukawa a bugu edita. Amma talakawan mai amfani ne quite wuya a daidai kewaya m teku na adabi ayyukansu. Shi ne mafi kuxi don amfani tsanaki m - wato, da bukatar a fili rarrabe tsakanin iri adabi da kuma su da umurninSa ne.

• Roman - da tsawwala nau'i na aiki, wanda yana da wata babbar yawan haruffa da quite bayani dalla-dalla da kuma tam mamaye tsarin da ke tsakanin su. The labari iya zama tarihi, iyali da kuma iyali, falsafa, da kuma zamantakewa kasada.
• Almara - jerin ayyuka, da wuya guda, consistently Highlights gagarumin tarihi lokaci ko gagarumin manyan-sikelin taron.

• Novela - gaske Genre labari litattafan, ya fi guntu fãce wani labari ko novella. The tarin gajejjeran labaru, da ake kira short labarin da marubuci - mawallafin.

Ba na karshe daga cikin gagarumin

• Comedy - halitta, wadda ridicules mutum ko zamantakewa disadvantages, mayar da hankali a kan mafi m da kuma m yanayi.

• The song - wani tsoho nau'i na shayari, tare da abin da category na "irin adabi" ba zai zama cikakke ba. Aiki ne mai poetic form tare da ayoyi da yawa da kuma ƙananan waƙoƙi. Shin: jama'a, lyrical, jaruntakar da kuma tarihi.

• Labari - litattafan, amma mafi poetic, aiki moralistic, preachy da satirical.

• A labarin - a wallafe-wallafen aikin wani, yawanci kananan, girman wanda ya gaya labarin guda aukuwa a rayuwa da hali.

• The labari - da labarin kuma hada a "irin adabi" sashe da kuma daukawa mai wakilci na gaba na kakanninsu na sararin duniya, heroes, kuma alloli.

• Lyric waka - nuna wani tunanin irin abubuwan da na marubucin a cikin dadi poetic form.

• Muqala - labari, wani subspecies na almara, wanda dogara gaya game da real events, facts.

• Tale - samfurin, irin wannan a cikin tsarin da labarin, amma daban-daban girma. Story iya magana game da dama events a cikin rãyuwar protagonists.

• Romance - wajaba rike jerin "irin adabi" category, shi ne wani labari ban mamaki aiki, daban-daban haruffa categorical rabo a cikin tabbatacce kuma korau.

• Tashin hankalin - a subspecies daga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya gaya wa wuri daga cikin manyan wani lokaci zuwa wani hali ta mutuwa.

Wallafe-wallafe da kuma wayewar

Rayuwa da kanta tare da kowane wucewa rana kuma da ya dage ya bukaci kowa ya cewa matakin na daidaito da kuma hadin kai na littafin wallafe, jaridar kuma mujallar kayan - daya daga cikin muhimman sharudda na tasiri na ilimi al'umma. Hakika, da farko na sani da adabi (sai yara) yana farawa a makaranta. Saboda haka, wani tafarki ga malaman wallafe-wallafe dauke da daban-daban iri iri na darussa a adabi, wanda taimaka saukin fahimta da yaro form don isar da zama dole ilmi.

mutum zabi

Yana da wuya a overestimate rawar da adabi a cikin rayuwa ta zamani, saboda littattafai, da Mun ɗaukakã fiye da daya tsara. Su taimaka wa mutane su fahimta da kuma duniya, da kuma kansa, karfafa da bin gaskiya, da akida, da kyawawan dabi'u da kuma ilimi, sanar da girmama baya. Abin baƙin ciki, adabi da sauran art siffofin a zamani al'umma ne sau da yawa underestimated. Akwai wasu category na mutane da suka yi da'awar cewa adabi ne riga m, ta cika maye gurbin talabijin da kuma fim. Amma ko yin amfani da damar da bayar da littafi ko ba - da zabi na kowane mutum.