Ginshikai na mataki na enzymes

Enzymes (enzymes) - a high kwayoyin nauyi gudanar da mahadi na gina jiki yanayi, wanda aiki a cikin kwayoyin da wani matsayi na nazarin halittu catalysts.

Ginshikai na mataki na enzymes

Elucidation na sunadaran muhimmi da catalytic mataki na enzymes, shi ne daya daga cikin muhimman hakkokin matsaloli da kuma matsalolin halin yanzu ba wai kawai enzymology, amma zamani Biochemistry da ilmin sanin kwayoyin halittu.

Long kafin enzymes zama samuwa tsarki da aka daki-daki su yanayi, sun zama tabbata cewa muhimmanci ga enzymatic tsari yana da wani hada guda biyu na enzyme zuwa substrate. Ƙoƙarin samun wani hadadden fili na enzyme da substrate na dogon lokaci bai kai ga nasara, kamar yadda wannan hadadden ne labile, shi sosai hanzari decomposes. Amfani spectroscopy Hanyar ya sanya shi yiwuwa a gano enzyme-substrate gidaje to catalase, peroxidase, barasa dehydrogenase, flavinzavisimyh enzymes.

Hanyar X-ray bincike ya yarda don samun mai yawa muhimmanci bayani a kan tsarin da kuma catalytic sunadaran da mataki na enzymes. Wannan hanya da aka yi amfani da na haxi substrate analogues tare da enzymes lysozyme da chymotrypsin.

Wasu kai tsaye shaida ga wanzuwar enzyme-substrate gidaje gudanar a samu to inda daya daga cikin catalytic sake zagayowar matakai na enzyme da aka daure su cikin substrate da wani covalent bond. An misali ne da dauki hydrolysis na n-nitrophenyl acetate catalyzed da chymotrypsin. Lokacin da gauraye da enzyme chymotrypsin ether aka acetylated a hydroxyl kungiyar na amsawa serine saura. Wannan mataki shi ne m, amma atsetilhimotripsina hydrolysis da samuwar acetate da free chymotrypsin ne sosai a hankali. Saboda haka atsetilhimotripsin accumulates, wanda aka saukin gano a gaban n-nitrophenylacetate.

A gaban da enzyme substrate a cikin abun da ke ciki iya "kama" ta canja EU m hadaddun a wani m nau'i, misali, ta hanyar lura da enzyme-substrate hadaddun na sodium borohydride ciwon karfi rage sakamako. Irin wannan hadaddun a cikin nau'i na barga covalent wanda aka samu da aka gano a cikin enzyme aldolase. An gano cewa substrate interacts da kwayoyin e-amino kungiyar na lysine.

A substrate reacts tare da enzyme a wani yanki wanda ake kira da aiki na tsakiya na enzyme ko aiki yanki.

A karkashin aiki cibiyar, ko cibiya, fahimta cewa rabo enzyme sunadarin wanda aka haɗa zuwa substrate (da cofactors) kuma Yanã da enzymatic kaddarorin da kwayoyin. The aiki site kayyade bayani dalla-dalla da kuma catalytic ayyuka na enzyme kuma ya zama wani mataki na wahala tsarin saba for kusa m da kuma hulɗa tare da wani substrate kwayoyin, ko da sassa kai tsaye da hannu a cikin dauki.

Daga cikin aikin kungiyoyin suke da daraja a kunshe a cikin "catalytically aiki" rabo daga enzyme da kafa rabo samar da wani takamaiman dangantaka (da dauri na substrate ga enzyme) - abin da ake kira fil, ko "anga" (ko adsorption na enzyme aiki site).

Ginshikai na mataki na enzymes bayyana ka'idar da Michaelis-Menten lissafi. A cewar wannan ka'idar, da tsari faruwa a hudu, saukarwa.

Ginshikai na mataki na enzymes: I Phase

Tsakanin substrate (C) da kuma enzyme (E) a dangane taso - kafa EU enzyme-substrate hadaddun, cikinsa da aka gyara an juna da covalent, ionic, ruwa da sauran shaidu.

Ginshikai na mataki na enzymes: IІ mataki

The substrate ne fallasa zuwa a haɗe enzyme da aka kunna, kuma ya zama akwai for Game da halayen na EU catalysis.

Ginshikai na mataki na enzymes: IІI mataki

EU jajirce catalysis. Wannan ka'idar da goyan bayan gwaji da karatu.

A karshe, IV mataki ne halin da saki da enzyme kwayoyin E da F. Da jerin canje na kayayyakin za a iya nuna matsayin dauki: E + S - EU EU - * - E + P.

The bayani dalla-dalla na enzyme mataki

Kowane enzyme abubuwa a kan wani takamaiman substrate ko rukuni na abubuwa, waxanda suke da kama a tsarin. Bayani dalla-dalla na enzymatic aiki saboda da kama na aiki site sanyi da kuma substrate. A lokacin da hulda da enzyme-substrate kafa hadaddun.