Flooded biranen Rasha da kuma duniya

Duniya mai yawa ƙauyuka, wanda saboda wasu dalilai tafi zuwa ga teku, ko kogi gado. Wannan ake kira flooded birni. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da kansa ban sha'awa da kuma sau da yawa ban tausayi rabo. Wanne gari ya malale, lokacin, da kuma abin da suka haddasawa daga wadannan ambaliyar ruwa, a yanzu mun san.

A Sanadin birane ambaliya

Sanadin ambaliya garuruwa za a iya bambanta, amma sun kasu kashi biyu main kungiyoyin: na halitta da kuma wucin gadi. A lokaci guda, kowanne daga cikin wadannan Categories aka subdivided cikin da yawa mutum lokuta.

Lokacin da mutane magana game da artificially saukar a cikin ruwa garuruwa, shi ne da farko dole a hankali cikin birnin flooded kududdufai. A dalilai na halittar mutum-sanya kududdufai sun daban-daban. Da aka halicce su domin aiki na hydroelectric iko tashoshin, kiwon kifi, ajiya na sabo ruwa a cikin manyan yawa, da sauransu. Musamman mai yawa kududdufai a kan ƙasa na Rasha da kuma sauran tsohon Soviet jihohin da aka gina a lokacin Soviet zamanin. By irin tafki ne rabu cikin wani kogi da lake.

Flooded yankin ma ya auku saboda halitta haddasawa. Wannan na iya zama wani Yunƙurin a teku matakin, ruwan karkashin kasa ko wasu dalilai. Musamman m ambaliyar ruwa a lokacin da shi ne kwatsam yanayi.

Sunken biranen mu mahaifarsa

Flooded biranen Rasha - canzawa ɓangare na mu tarihin. A Sanadin ambaliya sun daban-daban. Amma mafi yawansu ba su tafi a karkashin ruwa a 30-50-ies karni na karshe, a lokacin da ta gudanar da wani babban-sikelin gina ruwa kududdufai da kuma hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke. Yadda birane da yawa da aka cika da ruwa a wannan lokacin? 9 kira da manyan ƙauyuka, bakwai na abin da aka located a kan Volga River, da kuma daya - a kan Likitan mata da Yenisei. Wanne gari ya malale, lokacin? Yana Mologa, Kalyazin, Korcheva, Puchezh, Vesegonsk, Stavropol, Volzhsky, Kuibyshev, Berdsk da Shagonar. Wasu daga wadannan matsugunai aka flooded gaba daya, da sauran - a sashi ba. Mene ne flooded birnin Rasha da kuma yadda su ƙaddara, yanzu mun sani.

Mologa: tarihi na birnin

Mafi shahara a Rasha gangara zuwa kasa daga cikin ƙauyuka - Mologa, gari awash Rybinsk tafki. Shi ne wannan kauye a mahaɗar tsakãninsu guda kogin a cikin Volga River, a nesa na kadan fiye da dari kilomita daga Yaroslavl.

A daidai lokacin da ya magance cikin ƙasa, inda a nan gaba ya bayyana Mologa birni ne ba a sani ba, amma a farkon rabin na XIV karni akwai Mologa sarauta a matsayin takamaiman ɓangare na Yaroslavl sarauta. A cikin wadannan karni na gari girma da kuma ci gaba. Ya sami daraja kamar yadda wani fairly manyan shopping cibiyar. Tun 1777 ya zama babban gundumar gari, har ma ya samu da kansa gashi na makamai. Akwai da dama majami'u da kuma a sufi. Tare da zuwan su ikon da Bolsheviks zama birnin da gundumar cibiyar.

Kamar wancan samo asali Mologa. Flooded birnin a lokacin da nitsewa zuwa kasa da tafki da tara gidaje da dubu bakwai da mazaunanta.

ambaliya Mologi

Amma duk da m ci gaban tattalin arziki na yankin, da yanke shawara a kan kafa na Rybinsk tafki da aka sanar a watan Satumba 1935, abin da ake nufi da an inundation na manyan yankunan. A wannan lokacin shi ya zama mafi girma a wucin gadi tafki a duniya.

Aikin da aka kaddamar a wannan shekara. Bisa ga ainihin shirin, da ruwa matakin da ya kamata a tãyar da su 98 mita. Ganin cewa Mologa ne ma located a kan wannan matakin, ambaliya da shi ba barazana. Amma bayan shekaru biyu da shirin da aka bita, kuma Ya ƙãra ruwa matakan tashi zuwa 102 mita, wanda ƙwarai karu da ambaliyar yankin. Da aiwatar da wannan aikin da aka yi da Mologa flooded birni a kan Volga.

Sake ma su matsugunni a wasu birane suka fara a farkon 1937, mafi yawa a cikin kusa da} auyensu na barinta, kuma ya dauki 4 years. A cikin 1940s akwai da ambaliyar ruwa da birnin. The ruwa bar gidajensu, gine-gine, kasuwanci, majami'u da kuma Athanasian sufi.

Tun daga nan Mologa - flooded birni. Amma a shekarar 2014, akwai wani gagarumin karu a matakin na ruwa daga cikin Rybinsk tafki, wanda a yarda don isa surface dukan titunan wannan sau daya Tsayayyar kauyen.

Kalyazin - wani gari a kan Volga

Wani ambaliyar ruwa birni a kan Volga - Kalyazin. A farko tarihi bayani game da Kalyazin koma fiye da XI karni. Amma na dogon lokaci shi ne wani kyakkyawan karamin gari, wanda ya da nisa daga cikin gari take. Rayuwa a Kalyazin zama raya bayan gina Macarius sufi a cikin XV karni. Wannan sufi zama wani wuri na taro taro na mahajjata, wanda shi ne babbar impetus ga ci gaban birnin. Af, daga gare su, shi ne shahararren mai bincike Athanasius Nikitin a Tver. Za mu iya cewa shi ne mai ruhaniya ma'aikata ya zama wani irin "kamfanin garuruwa".

A birni ya iya sauka a tarihi godiya ga sanannen Battle of Kalyazin, a cikin abin da sojojin Rasha a karkashin umurnin Prince Skopin-Shuisky a 1609 ya ci Polish sojojin.

A 1775 Kaljazin bã birni matsayi da kuma ya zama cibiyar County. Tun daga nan kuma har zuwa kafa Soviet ikon garin, wani muhimmin yankin ciniki cibiyar.

Kalyazin ke karkashin ruwa

A 1935 da shiri na Uglich hydroelectric iko shuka fara. A wannan batun, a 1939-1940, da ruwa da aka saukar, kuma Kalyazin. Flooded birni kamar yadda irin wannan shi ne kawai partially. A farko buga wani tarihi ɓangare na kauye. Bugu da ƙari, ya mutu fice gine-gine da Monuments, kamar Macarius da St. Nicholas Zhabensky gidajen lama.

Mutane da suka rayu a bygone kura idon sassa na kauye aka ƙaura uninjured yankunan, amma, duk da wannan, a gaskiya Kalyazin - flooded birni.

Korcheva

City Korcheva raba al'adar Mologa. Yana da wadannan kauyuka - kadai sunken birni a Rasha, wanda gaba daya bace a karkashin ruwa. Wasu sun auku zuwa kasa kawai partially.

A lokaci daya Korcheva kuma shi ne cibiyar da County. Amma da farkon masana'antu, gina fara Ivankovo tafki. Mutane ga mafi part an mayar da su cikin kauyen Konakovo, kuma ta Korcheva - flooded.

Sauran sunken birni a kan Volga

Bugu da kari, akwai hudu mafi flooded birni a kan Volga. Yana Puchezh, Vesegonsk, Stavropol, Volzhsky da Kuibyshev.

Puchezh aka partially kura idon a cikin shekaru 1955-1957 a lokacin da shiri na Gorky tafki. Mafi yawa a karkashin ruwa bar tsohon ɓangare na birnin tare da gine-gine da Monuments da gine-gine.

Vesegonsk birni ya malale, lokacin da ɗan baya, a 1939, a matsayin Mologa, a lokacin shiri na Rybinsk tafki. Kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da Puchezh, birnin ya zuwa kasa part.

Wani ambaliyar ruwa birni - Stavropol - shi ne na yau da kullum sunan Stavropol-on-Volga, da kuma Volga-Stavropol, saboda ya bambanta da shi daga Arewa Caucasus takwara. A lokacin da ambaliya, wanda ya faru a tsakiyar 50s na karshe karni, a garin 12 000 mutanen da suke zaune. Dukkan su sun kaura zuwa wani sabon wuri kusa da tsohon shiri, wanda ya hau kan sunan marigayin karkashin birnin ruwa. Saboda haka, a ci gaba da aka kiyaye. Kuma a kan site na tsohon kauye ne yanzu na kwalba Kuibyshev tafki.

New Stavropol a shekarar 1964 aka sake masa suna a Togliatti, a cikin girmamawa daga cikin shahararrun kwaminisanci shugaban Italiya. Yanzu shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma Rasha birane da suka ci gaba masana'antu (yafi mota), da ɗari bakwai dubbai yawan jama'a.

A 50-ies na XX karni shi ma aka yi ambaliyar ruwa cikin birnin Kuibyshev, har 1936. Suna Spassk-Tatar. Shin ya kasance a kan ƙasa na zamani Tatarstan. Kafin Ruwan Tsufana mutane aka koma zuwa wani sabon wuri kusa da halakar da tarihi birnin Bulgar, amma sabon shiri har yanzu aka kira Kuibyshev. Kawai a shekarar 1991 a garin da aka sake masa suna a Bulgaria.

Flooded birni a Siberia

Fiye ko žasa da gagarumin ƙauyuka flooded a Siberia, za ka iya zaɓar birnin Berdsk da Shagonar.

Berdsk aka kafa a XVII karni a kan daya daga cikin aikin gandu na Likitan mata, amma birni ne kawai a lokacin da Mai girma Patriotic War. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan matsayi da shi dade ba dade. A cikin 50s na karshe karni shi ya fara manyan sikelin-gine na Novosibirsk tafki a kan Likitan mata kogin. Berdsk batun ambaliya. Zuwa wani sabon wuri a cikin tsohon garin a nesa na takwas kilomita, mutane da aka Hijira cikin 1953-1957 shekaru. Kamar yadda ka gani, shi ne ba a yanzu-yanzu tsari, wanda dade shekaru hudu. A sakamakon canja wuri da sabon wuri na tsohon birni ne, ya zama wata babbar cibiyar masana'antu. Amma tarihi gine-gine Berdsk gaba daya rasa, kamar yadda suka kasance duk a karkashin ruwa.

Wani Siberian birni, da aka sani da ambaliya ne Shagonar. Ya kasance a kan ƙasa na Tuva da located a kan banki na Irtysh girma. Wannan birni ya malale, lokacin bayan sauran ƙauyuka na Rasha a yi na Sayano-Shushenskoye tafki a 70s na karshe karni. Sa'an nan, ya aka koma zuwa wani sabon wuri, bakwai kilomita daga tsohon shiri. Amma, sabanin Togliatti da Berdsk, motsi zuwa wani sabon wuri ba shi da wani tasiri a kan ci gaban birnin. Yanzu wannan karamin gari, akwai dan kadan fiye da dubu goma mazaunan, kunsha a mafi yawan kabilu Tuvan.

Flooded birni a wasu kasashen

Flooded birni ne ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma a sauran kasashe na duniya. Sau da yawa cikin hanyar da ambaliyar ruwa ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mutum tattalin arziki aiki. Alal misali, a {asar Amirka game da mutum ɗari da kananan garuruwa da aka barshi a cikin duhun domin gina daban-daban da wuraren samar da wutar lantarki. Bugu da kari, sun nuna sabo ruwa.

Domin wannan dalilai ya malale, lokacin a 1985. gari a Venezuela a karkashin sunan Potosi. Amma tun da ruwa matakin ragu sosai, sabili da haka flooded birni a hankali ya fara surface.

A 1938 a Amurka Jihar Nevada wucin gadi Lake Mead aka kafa. Yana da haka ya faru da cewa domin gina wannan tafki ya Ambaliyar karamin gari na St. Thomas. Yanzu da lake ta kafe, kuma, kamar yadda a cikin hali na Potosi, a farfajiya na ruwa surface bayyana da na fi tsohon gine-gine.

A 1950, a arewacin Italiya, biyu tabkuna - Rezija da Muto - aka artificially garwaya a cikin daya. Wannan ya yi domin aiwatar da aikin don samar da wutar lantarki. A sakamakon haka, karamin gari na Curon aka flooded. The kawai nuni da cewa akwai sau daya a shiri ne kararrawa Hasumiyar XIV karni, mai danko daga cikin ruwa.

Domin gina mafi girma ikon shuka a Brazil ma ya Ambaliyar kauyen Petrolândia. A sabon gari aka gina kadan kara daga flooded kauyen.

Har ila yau, domin inganta kasar makamashi wadata a shekarar 1972 shi da aka saukar a cikin ruwa gari a arewacin Portugal kira Vilarinyu das Furnas. Haka kuma, mazauna nan aka located more ga Roman sau.

A marigayi 50-ies karni na karshe da za a gina wata madatsar ruwa a kan kogin ya malale, lokacin Xi'an zamanin da na Sin birnin Shi Cheng Qingdao a kan lake. A lokacin da sake wa mazauna yankin game da 290 da dubu. Mutane sun undeveloped. Wannan shi ne mai yiwuwa mafi girma a sake ma su matsugunni a duniya a cikin tarihin dangantaka da wucin gadi ambaliya daga birnin.

A shekarar 1988, a sakamakon wannan bala'i a an flooded Romanian gari Bezidu Nou. Tashin hankalin da taron reinforces da cewa a sakamakon wannan bala'i a kashe dukan 180 mutane, da suka rayu a can.

Ancient birni a karkashin ruwa

Amma ba kawai a baya karni faru ambaliya da biranen. Similar lokuta sun faru a tsufa da kuma tsakiyar zamanai, amma sau da yawa suka ba sa mutum sa baki da kuma bala'o'i.

All yiwuwa san labari na FC. Wannan shi ne na farko da shaida na nitsewa zuwa kasa na birane ƙauyuka, amma game da historicity, ba shakka, shi ne debatable. Idan ka yi imani da rubuce-rubucen da Plato, yayin da a karkashin ruwa a sakamakon babbar ambaliya ya bar fiye da daya birni, da kuma nahiyar baki daya.

Ƙarin shaidun da irin wannan bala'i da yake a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki. Wannan halakar da biranen Saduma da Gwamrata, wadda bisa ga labari, ya tafi zuwa kasa na Tekun Gishiri. A bambanci ga sinking na FC, da jarrabawa na wanzuwar wadannan birane yana da wani babba a kimiyance.

Har ila yau, a lokacin sun kasance partially ko gaba daya flooded Alexandria, Canopus da Heraklion a Misira, garin da yake kan Japan tsibirin Yonaguni, sunk shekaru 2,000 da suka wuce, Saeftinge a cikin Netherlands, wanda aka kashe a cikin acan karkashin ruwa a 1584, Port Royal, Jamaica, halaka su da wata ambaliyar ruwa a 1692 shekara, da Port of Julius da Bailly a Italiya Pavlopetri da kuma wasu tsibirin garuruwa a kasar Girka, Atlit Yam a Isra'ila, an unknown Mayan birni a Guatemala, samu a kasa na Lake Atitlan, da tsohon birnin a kan Kekova tsibirin a zamani Turkey.

Kamar yadda na Rasha, na farko na duk ya kamata a lura da tsohon babban birnin kasar na Khazar Khanate - bace birnin Itil, wanda, a cewar wasu masana, aka wanke tafi da Volga.

Shi ke ba duk flooded birane a duniya, amma muna da ya fi shahara daga cikin su sun ambata.

Ambaliya ta amfani?

An dade kasance muhawara a kan ko ambaliyar ruwa da wasu wurare kubutar da ya dace, ko kuma domin irin wannan ayyuka ba zai iya zama cancanci binciken? A daya hannun, a jihar, da kuma yawan al'ummarta a matsayin dukan bayan gina hydroelectric iko tashoshin ko ruwa tare tafki da gagarumin tattalin arziki.

Amma bai kamata mu manta da a lokaci guda cewa hijirarsa mutane daga wuri daya zuwa wani, haddasa wata iri-iri na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki matsaloli a adapting cewa ba kowane mutum daukawa painlessly. Bugu da kari, ambaliya ƙauyuka hade da lalata gidaje da kasuwanci da gine-gine, kuma sau da yawa al'adu dabi'u.

Kuma da rabo daga cikin ƙauyuka, canjawa wuri zuwa wani sabon wuri, ya ci gaba daban. Wasu sun girma kuma sun zama manyan masana'antu cibiyoyin, ƙara zama kyau fiye da suka flooded birni, yayin da wasu sun bace.

Saboda haka matsalar da da'a da kuma tattalin arziki yiwuwa ambaliyar ruwa na ƙauyuka ne wajen shubuha.