Midshipmen - shi ba ne kawai da haruffa na daba film

Bayan da a saki na 1988 film da umarni Svetlana Druzhininoj "Sojan Ruwa Cadets, Forward!" Mutane da yawa na da tofin cewa kyakkyawan kasashen waje kalmomi bayyana a cikin title, shi ne game da wannan a matsayin cewa na wani musketeer. Wato, da midshipmen - a kõfatansu a kan duwatsu matasa kyau maza, wanda aka kullum yaki da takuba, nice hawa dawakai da su aiki hallara a fadar mãkirci shafi cikin shakka daga tarihi. Shot kara fina-finai game da ci gaba da Kasadar na kawai tabbatar da wannan ra'ayi. Amma wannan m kalma na da tarihi, wanda ba ya bukatar ƙawa sojojin na tarihi da mawallafa irin su.

Midshipmen - wanda shi ne wannan?

Garde de marine ( "Maritime tsaro") - shi ne mai sojan ruwa daraja, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar kafa na Rasha rundunar motoci da Bitrus da Great don maye gurbin da sunan "Navigator" kuma suka aro daga harshen Faransanci. Haka ya faru a 1716 a cikin translation azuzuwan, horar gaba jiragen ruwa shugabannin Moscow School of Ilmin Lissafi da kuma kewayawa Sciences, wanda ya wanzu for game da shekaru 15, zuwa ga sabon babban birnin kasar. A St. Petersburg, a kan su akai da aka kafa ta da Sojan Ruwa Academy.

A ra'ayi na Bitrus, da take tsaka-tsaki ya: midshipmen sũ ne waɗanda suka yi nasarar koyi da zama dole ka'idar, amma saboda rashin m kwarewa da sanin ne ba a shirye domin cikakken sabis a matsayin sojan ruwa jami'in. Lakabobi an bayar da su digiri na Academy kafin sakewa su a cikin jiragen ruwa, inda suka samu m basira a cikin suna suna tukin jirgin da kuma a cikin umurnin ma'aikata na sojan ruwa crews. Dangane da yawan shekaru, suka kasu kashi m da junior.

"A cikin yaki - rundunõninsa a cikin shakka - na matuƙan '

Jihar farko midshipmen a wani matasa Rasha sojojin ruwa da aka ƙaddara a cikin adadin mutane 300. Sanye da wani na musamman tsari - da uniform na da Preobrazhensky rajimanti, sun samu abun ciki daidai da Naira Miliyan Xari da alawus na sojoji a Guard, wanda kuma ya bambanta su daga talakawa matuƙan. Amma a cikin sabis suna da, bisa ga Yarjejeniya, shi ne amfani da ƙananan umarni, tare da kama aikinsu.

Mutunta zuwa da goyon bayan irin wannan daga ƙungiya darajõji ya wuya. Basu iya fahimtar: cadets - wanda shi ne wannan? Sũ ba su sani da al'adar marine rai daga kasa, drayat bene da kuma hawa da mast, saita filafili, tare da talakawa matuƙan. A lokaci guda suka yi sha kullum horo tare da sojan ruwa jami'an navigator ta yanayin, da jirgin management na manyan bindigogi wuta da kuma tafiyar da fama horo tare da wani musket. Sun yi a kai a kai gudanar da "puteplavaniya mujallar", wanda aka gudanar da saka idanu na su horo. Lokacin da himma game midshipman zuwa sabis kuma m horo shugabannin da aka bayar "An approving takardar shaida", wanda shi ne kudin shiga ga jarrabawa a cikin tushe. A wasu kalmomin, da cadets - shi ne ake kira, ba kifi ba kaza, kuma idan dai ba su wuce da karshe gwajin, ba za a iya dauke da wani cikakken fledged sojan ruwa sanda.

midshipman kamfanin

Bayan Bitrus mutuwa sa shi a fi so brainchild - Rasha jiragen ruwa - ya fara hankali koma baya. Suka rage a cikin yawa da kuma gardemariny. Wannan ya kai ga cewa su aka garwaya a cikin daya kamfanin a Sojan Ruwa Academy, kuma shi sau da yawa koma daga St. Petersburg don Kronstadt da kuma mayar. Winter cadets karatu a makarantar kimiyya, bazara yi a kotu, amma sau da yawa saboda kananan yawan warships a tashoshin jiragen ruwa bauta a kan wadanda ba izini jami'an (NCO) matsayi. Yanzu midshipman aka shigar da jarrabawa ga wani tushe jami'in daraja ba kasa da shekaru 7 da sabis, amma bayan musharaka cikin uku yakin, kuma kawai a lokacin da akwai wani jami'in ta aiki.

A 1752, da sojan ruwa Academy midshipman da kuma kamfanin da aka soke da kuma zama wani ɓangare na kafa Marine yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps. Yanzu, a nan gaba na sojan ruwa da jami'an karatu na shekaru uku. Elizabethan cadets - shi ne mai karshe shekara dalibai, kuma waɗanda suka halarci farko biyu, aka kira cadets. Daga baya ya zama sananne a matsayin midshipmen dalibai na duk musamman - injiniya, manyan bindigogi, da dai sauransu - .. Marine darussa. Combatant daraja na midshipman aka soke a Navy.

sojan ruwa jami'an horo tsarin garambawul

Wannan hali ya ci gaba domin kusan karni. By tsakiyar XIX karni umurnin da Rasha jiragen ruwa, shi ya bayyana cewa ba da daraja na jami'in wa saurayin nan da nan bayan da makaranta shekaru ne m. Na farko, a kan Black Sea jiragen ruwa a Nikolaev, mai zaman kansa kamfanin na cadets da aka kafa, da kuma sabon gabatar combatant suna a 1860. A sa'an nan cadets - shi ne wani nau'i ne na koma asalin Bitrus. Dalilin da kafa a cikin Navy ya sa bukatar ba matasa - digiri na sojan ruwa yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps da kuma Nikolaev midshipman kamfanin - hukuma kuma suna suna tukin jirgin.

By ta Halin sojojin ruwa midshipmen corresponded sojojin leftana. Sun sa wani jami'in ta uniform, da kuma samu musamman albashinsa. Bayan shekaru biyu na sabis, a cikin shawarwarin da umurninSa, su aka shigar da m jarrabawa a daraja na tushe jami'in.

Ba sai 1882, lokacin da take da cadets aka sake mayar da su zuwa ga dalibai na babban jami'in darussa na Marine Corps, wanda aka dauka da ayyuka a cikin nisa teku tafiye-tafiye a kan wani musamman jirgin. A ƙarshen ya dalibai wuce karshe gwajin da kuma zama midshipmen. Daga bisani midshipman suna da aka bai da dalibai na sakandare da kuma musamman darussa da prefix "ƙaramin".

A shekarar 1906, bayan da Rasha faduwa a yakin da tare da Japan, da kai tsaye aiki na da lakabi na matasa masu digiri canza su saki a cikin Navy matsayin midshipman, kuma su daya-shekara waje-faruwa jiragen ruwa a fama. A shekara a Bahar Rum, da barin wani musamman aikata horo detachment da dama jiragen ruwa. Jarrabawa ga junior sojan ruwa jami'in zo a kan dawowarsa daga wannan yakin.

A Soviet sau, da daraja na midshipman da aka soke.

A halin yanzu halin da ake ciki

Yau cadets - abin da yake da shi? Mafi sau da yawa, da ake kira dalibai na musamman makarantun kamar babban birnin kasar na farko Marine yar jam'iyyar kadet shiga makaranta ko dalibai Nakhimov Sojan Ruwa School. Amma shi ya faru wajen al'ada da kuma informally.

Ba haka ba da dadewa akwai rahotanni a kan shirye-shirye domin harbi na gaba mabiyi ga da sadaukarwa film, don haka ba za ka iya tabbata cewa wannan girman kai kalmar za su zauna cikin harshen mu, da kuma more.