Sarakuna na Rasha: Chronology. All Rasha sarakuna domin

Great sarakuna Rasha ne Alpha da Omega, da kuma ci gaba da ta mutane. Kamar yadda Allah - master na sararin duniya, kuma sun kasance Masters ƙasarsu. Kuma mulki shi ne mai yawa. The sosai farko wakilin wannan lakabi ya Bitrus da farko. Kuma mai yiwuwa ba a banza da tarihi na Rasha Empire fara da wannan babban hali.

A nan gaba mai girma sarki

Peter aka haife shi a Moscow a 1672, na tara na Yuni. A da goma sha huɗu yaro na Alexei Mikhailovich da matarsa ta biyu Natali Kirillovny Naryshkinoy. Bayan rasuwar sarkin Peter gaji kasa cewa ya sosai underdeveloped a kwatanta da al'adu m kasashen Turai. Duk da yake cikin Renaissance da canji share Turai, Rasha ƙaryata westernization ya kuma kasance ya zama ruwan dare daga zamani.

Petr Veliky - na farko sarki na Rasha, wanda ya zama sananne ga mutane da yawa da sake fasalin da kuma yunkurin yin jiharsa mai girma da iko. Ya halicci wani karfi sojojin ruwa, sake tsarafa sojojin ta Western nagartacce. Lokacin da ta bullo da sabon administrative da kuma yankin rabo daga cikin kasar, ya qaddamar da wani jerin canje-canje da suka shafi dukkan duniyoyin da Rasha rayuwa.

M canje-canje da sauran ci gaba na

Musamman da hankali ne na farko sarki na Rasha aika zuwa ga cigaban kimiyya. Ya yi ijara da dama kasashen waje masana don horar da su mutane dukan fasaha ci gaba. Mayar da hankali a kan ci gaban cinikayya da masana'antu, ya ya sabunta hanyoyin da Rasha haruffa, ya gabatar da Julian kalanda, da kuma na farko Rasha jarida da aka halitta ta amfani da shi.

Peter A. kasance mai hangen nesa, kuma mai kere jami'in diflomasiyyar, wanda soke wani tsaoho nau'i na gwamnati da kuma kafa Hukumar da ke majalisar dattijai. Da shi shi ne mafi girman sashen jihar ikon, wanda kayyade dukan rassan na gwamnati, kazalika da mafita da kuma m nasarori a cikin kasashen waje da manufofin na Rasha.

New yankin dũkiyarku

A zamanin mulkin Petra Velikogo jihar ya samu da yawa yankunan, kamar Estonia, Latvia da kuma Finland. Bayan fadace-fadace da Turkey, ya sami damar yin amfani da tekun Black Sea. Kuma a cikin dubu da ɗari bakwai goma sha biyu shekara Poroshenko koma cikin babban birnin kasar zuwa wani sabon birni a kan Neva River - St. Petersburg, an tabbatar da kuma wanda nan da nan ya zama wata "taga zuwa Turai".

A daidai da dokoki da kuma bambancin da Bitrus Rasha ya zama babban Turai iko. Kuma a cikin 1721, ya yi shela, wani daular, bi da bi, da Bitrus Alekseevich aka bai wa lakabi na All-Russian Sarkin sarakuna, Mai girma Fatherland uba.

Bitrus kuwa yana da aure sau biyu, kuma yana da goma sha yara, da yawa daga cikinsu ta rasu a jarirai. Babban dan daga farko aure, Alex, aka kaso na cin amanar kasa da kuma kashe a asirce a 1718. Mutu Peter A. Takwas a watan Fabrairu 1725 ba tare da nominating wani mataimaki.

Wani Peter A.

Babu shakka, da Rasha jihar iko ba kawai sarakunan Rasha, da Chronology nuna gaban hudu empresses. Daya daga cikinsu shi Catherine farko. Ta zauna a kan kursiyin bayan Petra Velikogo. Kuma a sa'an nan ya zo da iko, jikan Peter Mai girma. Ya aka haife a kan goma sha biyu Oktoba 1715. Da uwarsa mutu kwana goma bayan haihuwa. Bayan shekaru uku da mahaifinsa bi bayan mahaifiyata.

A 1727, Menshikov kira Catherine farko hannu nufin a cikin ni'imar da Bitrus. Kuma a lokacin da Empress mutu, Bitrus II ci gaba da jerin Rasha sarakuna.

Da ainihin mulkin na Majalisar Koli

Menshikov sanya yaron a cikin gidansa da kuma fara sarrafa ayyukansa. Little Bitrus yana da rai, hankali, m da m yaro kuma ya kasance yawa kamar kakan kaka. Duk da wannan kama, shi ne, da bambanci ga Bitrus da girma, ba ya so ya koya.

Da yake ma matasa Bitrus II iya hukunci ba da wani daular, kuma kusan bai kai kashi a cikin ayyukan kãshi Council. Wannan sauri ya kai ga take hakkin da jiha tsarin, kamar yadda jami'an tsoron unmotivated ayyuka na Bitrus, da ba ya so ya dauki alhakin wani muhimmanci yanke shawara.

Talatin ranar Nuwamba daya dubu da ɗari bakwai da ashirin da tara, Bitrus II aka tsunduma zuwa goma sha takwas kyakkyawa Ekaterina Alekseevna Dolgorukova. Amma shekara ta gaba, da na shidansu Janairu, ya kama wani sanyi a lokacin da wani soja review da smallpox. Mutu sha tara Janairu 1730.

Bayan mutuwar Bitrus II a kan gadon sarautar zaune a kan wata mace - Anna Ivanovna. A m sarakuna na Rasha - da Chronology nuna shekaru goma na ta sarautar - jira su wuri a cikin tarihi na jihar.

Sarkin sarakuna-jariri ko gwagwarmayar ikon

Ivan The shida da aka haife shi a St. Petersburg a watan Agusta 1740 na goma sha biyu. Ya kuwa ɗan Prince Antona Braunshveyga-Wolfenbüttel da kuma Anna Leopoldovna. Kwana goma sha biyu a gabãnin mutuwarsa, da Empress sanar da wani biyu-wata Ivan matsayin wanda zai gaje shi. Kuma Ernst Johann Biron ya zuwa bauta a matsayin regent yaron har ya kai shekara goma sha bakwai.

Amma Ivan mahaifiyar a 1740 hambarar Biron da kuma ayyana kanta regent. A shekara daga baya, sai ta hambararren Elizabeth, da goyan bayan da grenadiers da kuma shugabannin Preobrazhensky rajimanti. 'Yar Petra Velikogo, Anna tare da dukan iyalin da jariri sarki aka kama shi kuma kurkuku a cikin sansanin soja kusa Riga. Sai sarki Ivan The shida da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Kholmogory. Akwai wani komai a bishop gidan da aka canza kama zuwa wani kurkuku. Akwai yaron ya rayu a cikin gaba shekara goma sha biyu, alhãli kuwa wani daya, fãce tsaron kurkuku.

The m mutuwar wani fursuna, ko wani da Sarkin sarakuna

The wuya rabo a da yawa 'yan daga gidan sararta, wanda ake zaton kai da wuri a kan kursiyin. Kuma watakila shi ne daya daga cikin dalilan da wasu Rasha sarakuna (Chronology nuna su sunayen) to aikin yãfe, ikon a cikin ni'imar wani daga cikin 'yan'uwansa.

Amma abin da na gaba ya faru da girma-up Ivan ta shida ba? Jita-jita, da kurkuku, cikin Kholmogory aka yada, da kuma mulkin Elizaveta Petrovna fassara shi a cikin Schlisselburg sansanin soja, inda ya aka sanya shi a cikin Kadaitaccen kurkuku. A ainihi daga cikin fursuna da aka sa a halin asiri. Ko da masu gadi ba su sani ba wanda ya kare. Ivan kiyaye a cikin m yanayi. The kawai hasken yana da kyandir a gare shi.

The masu gadi ya ruwaito cewa leken boys sun karya, Ivan ya rasa ya memory kuma ba su da wani ra'ayi game da wanda ya ke. Stuttering shi da karfi da cewa su fahimci abin da ya ce fursuna, shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba, duk da haka, Ivan Shida tuna da real name.

Hambararren sarki ya mai hatsari ga German gimbiya, kãma kursiyin, da kuma ta umurce su da su tsare shi sosai a hankali, kuma a cikin akwati na wani yunkurin 'yantar da wani fursuna - don su kashe shi. Kuma nan da nan bayan da cewa a cikin dare na hudu a kan 5 Yuli 1764 da Smolensk dakaru rajimanti Lieutenant Vasily Mirovich ya jagoranci 'yan tawayen da sojoji kokarin agazawa Ivan da fursuna da aka nan da nan hukuncin kisa. Saboda haka jerin Rasha sarakuna kara wani sunan. M Ivan da Shida, wanda bai iya dauka ta rightful wuri.

Jikan biyu sarakuna na Rasha da kuma Sweden

Duk da sarakuna na Rasha, a cikin tsari na maye ko ta fada juyin daukan kursiyin, ko ta yaya aka nuna a cikin tarihi archives. Kuma ba za mu iya ambaci nan Bitrus III, wanda ya yi mulki Rasha domin kawai watanni shida. Ya aka haife kan ashirin-farko na Fabrairu daya dubu da ɗari bakwai da ashirin da takwas ta a arewacin Jamus. Da shi shi ne kawai dan Anna Petrovna da Karla Fridriha. Jikan biyu sarakuna - Petra Velikogo da Charles goma sha biyu.

Yaron ya nuna wani amfani a art, ya ƙaunace soja farati da kuma mafarkin cewa da zarar shi ya zama mai duniya-sanannen jarumi. A cikin shekaru goma sha huɗu da shekaru, ya aka kawo Rasha ta wurin inna, da mulki Elizabeth. Ashirin-farko a watan Agusta 1745, Peter aure a gimbiya na Anhalt-Tserbskoy, wanda ya dauki sunan Catherine. Siyasa aure, shirya Bitrus inna, wani bala'i daga farko.

Sarkin sarakuna, wanda ya ƙi da Rasha jihar da kuma ta mutane

Catherine wata mace da gagarumin hankali, da Bitrus ya zauna yaro a jikin ya fara tasawa namiji. Sun daya dan da aka haife - Paul, nan gaba sarki, da kuma 'yar Anna, wanda ya mutu a cikin shimfiɗar jariri. Duk da sarakuna na Rasha, domin zauna kursiyin kuma iko da jiha, yafi kokarin kawo kasar matsakaicin amfani. Amma Bitrus ya III shi ne banda. Ya ƙi Rasha. Ban damu ba game da Rasha mutane, kuma ba zai iya jure wa Orthodox Church.

Bayan Bitrus III ya kama wuri a kan kursiyin, ya soke kasashen waje da manufofin da ya inna, ya kawo Rasha daga shekara bakwai 'War, kuma wannan mataki Sahaban dauke a matsayin cin amana da Rasha wadanda ke fama da yaki. Amma a lokaci guda, masana suke da sha'awar a tarihin Rasha sarakuna, bayar da shawarar cewa, watakila da hukuncin Bitrus III shi ne wani ɓangare na wani hadin shirin na tasiri na Rasha jihar zuwa yamma.

Garambawul ko sabis zuwa jihar

Duk da haka, Peter III a zamanin mulkin shirya wani jerin ciki ya gyara, wanda a yau ze sosai demokra] iyya. Shelar 'yancin addini, ya ɓãci asirin' yan sanda haramta kisan serfs da masu su ba. Kuma ma halitta na farko mallakar gwamnati banki.

The Board of yawa sarakuna a Rasha ƙare a ban tausayi mutuwa. Har ila yau, shi ya faru da Bitrus III. Akwai da yawa hasashe game da mutuwa, amma a gaskiya ya kasance wanda aka azabtar da wani ƙulli daga matarsa Catherine, wanda ya so ya rabu da shi, ya dauki kursiyin. Ashirin da takwas Yuni 1762, Peter aka kama shi kuma nan da nan aka kashe.

Paul ta girman kai mulki

Wasu sunayen Rasha sarakuna ba zai yiwu ba a ma maganar da mai girma godiya da kuma girman kai. Alal misali, Paul na, wanda ya mulki kasar har tsawon shekara biyar na girman kai, kafin ya aka kashe. An haife shi a St. Petersburg a 1754. Mahaifansa biyu - nan gaba Sarkin sarakuna Peter III da Catherine II. Uwar ba su yi la'akari da shi a matsayin nan gaba m da kuma aika zuwa rayuwa a cikin estate na Gatchina. Kuma a cikin wurin nan gaba sarki Ekaterina ya ke shirya dansa Alexander.

Amma bayan mutuwar Empress, Paul kãma kursiyin, da farko umurnin da aka kafa da matsayin ɗan fari a kan karaga, kuma ba zabi na magajin sarki da kansa. Ganin cewa Rasha yana bukatar mai cikakkar daular mulkinsu, sai ya fara yanka da ikon da gata na nobility. Don da akida na Faransa juyin juya halin bai yaɗu a kasar, ya haramta waje littattafai da kuma tafiya a waje a jihar.

Da yawa canje-canje a cikin ciki da kuma waje da manufofin Paul, guda biyu tare da hali da kuma azzaluman fushi harin, ya sa yada jita-jita game da shafi tunanin mutum unbalance. Da kuma ashirin da uku na Maris 1801, Paul na uku da aka kashe. Kuma a kan kursiyin da na ɗansa Alexander.

The almajiri Catherine kaka

Alexander aka haife shi a St. Petersburg a watan Disamba 1777 na goma sha biyu. Ya aka kawo up da Catherine Mai girma, wanda bai son ɗansa, Paul bai zaton cewa yana da ikon gudanar da mulki a kasar. A nan gaba sarki ta gan ta jikan. Ya aka masani a Turai tarihi, al'adu da siyasa, da kuma aka kawo a cikin ruhu na freethinking da kotun na Empress.

Amma da ƙeta a tsakãninku, Paul da Catherine sanya shi wasa biyu daban-daban matsayin. Lokacin da kakarsa, ya bãyukansu ga ka'idojin hakkin Dan-Adam da kuma yancin walwala, ya ji dãɗi wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da kuma falsafa. Kuma kusa da mahaifinsa kuwa m soja horo da kuma m horo. Ba da da ewa, Alexander ya zama wata halitta hawainiya, ya zama secretive da kuma sauƙi canza halaye bisa ga hali.

A 1801, yana da shekaru ashirin da uku da shekaru, Alexander aka lashe. Kyau da kuma m sarki ya kasance musamman rare. Gaskiya wa m akida na makaranta, sai ya hau kan wani jerin zamantakewa da sake fasalin. Yana da aka dakatar da azabtarwa, da kuma sabuwar doka a yarda da manoma ya fanshi kansu daga serfdom. Biye da administrative, kudi da kuma ilimi canji.

Kawasaki daga cikin manyan monarch

A zamanin mulkin Rasha sarakuna da yawa daban-daban yaƙe-yaƙe da fadace-fadace. Amma daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci, ko da ya kira da Patriotic War, akwai wani yaki da Napoleon. Domin Alexander shi ne mai Alkahntaka, wani abu fiye da kawai wani yaki tsakanin kasashen biyu. Wata yaki tsakanin nagarta da mugunta. Kuma a lokacin da Alexander bayan ya lashe hau a kai na dakarun a Paris, ya zama daya daga cikin mafi iko wadanada. Shi ne mai rabo na mulkinsa.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da zamanin mulkin Sarkin sarakuna ya zama sosai damu da Allah da kuma Kiristanci. Kuma a lõkacin da ya sha tara mutu a cikin watan Nuwamba 1825, ya yi tafiya mai yawa jita-jita, cewa Sarkin asirce abdicated, kuma ya kasance wani m. Abin da Rasha sarakuna sun zahiri da kuma abin da tunani ya ziyarci babban zukatanku, ba su ma san da labarin.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma sarautar Nicholas

Nicholas Na tara yaro na Paul na da Maria Feodorovna. Haife ashirin da biyar ranar Yuni, daya a 1796. Kamar yadda wani yaro, ya kasance m kuma fitinarsu. Ilimi a farko daga wani Scottish reno, sa'an nan - Janar Gustav Lambsdorff. Rashin mai m da kuma na bincike tunani, Nicholas bai son karatu. The matasa sarkin ya zama rai kawai a lokacin da darussan da aka kawo karshen da ya aka yarda ka sa a uniform kuma su shiga soja wasanni.

Nicholas aka ba a kawo up a matsayin nan gaba sarki, da kuma a cikin farkon sarautar Ahasurus, aka fuskanci wani taron cewa gigice da shi. Wannan tawaye na Decembrists. The biyar shugabannin da aka kashe da kuma game da mutum ɗari da ashirin kõre su Siberia. Farga da bukatar gyara, sarki, duk da haka tsoron cewa canje-canje zai girgiza, Harsashin na daular, wanda ya yi don canja wurin zuwa zuriyarsa. Akwai sauran cikas ga garambawul - yana zuwa da Sarkin sarakuna ta dangi, wanda ra'ayoyi da wani babban tasiri a kan ayyukansa.

Nicholas taken sun Orthodoxy, Autocracy da Kasa. Sarautarsa alama heyday daga cikin cikakkar daular mulkinsu a Rasha. Ya mutu a kan ta goma sha takwas Fabrairu dubu ɗari takwas da hamsin da biyar shekara na ciwon huhu. Kuma a karshe, na karshe sarki na Rasha. Chronology bayanin kula daga cikin mulkinsa. Yana da aka Alexander II da kuma Alexander III da kuma Nicholas II. A labarin ƙare da Rasha sarakuna.

dan Nicholas Board

Alexander II, ɗan fari na Nicholas, na goma sha bakwai a watan Afrilu 1818 aka haife. Ya samu mai ban mamaki ilimi. Ya san harsuna da dama, koya ma'adanin na yaki, kudi da kuma diflomasiyya. Daga wani wuri shekaru ya yi tafiya.

Bayan da zama sarki, Alexander bayar da wata doka a kan saki da manoma. A sansanin soja samu yanzu mafi manya rayuwa. Kuma tun da suka zama free jama'a, ya wajaba domin a gyara gaba dayan tsarin na gida shugabanci. A zamanin Alexander da tsarin shari'a da aka sauya, duk zamantakewa azuzuwan zama daidai a gaban doka. Idon matsa lamba da aka sauƙaƙar, kuma mutane suka fara samun karin 'yancin magana.

Duk da yawa ya gyara aikinsa, to inganta rayuwar na Rasha mutane, Alexander II zama manufa domin yunkuri. A memba na kungiyar 'yan ta'adda kashe sarki a 1881.

A personification na Rasha bear

Alexander III da aka haife a kan ashirin da shida na Fabrairu 1845 kadai. Strong, m, matsananciyar Bakan'ane, ya kasance da embodiment na almara Rasha bear. Ya zo domin ya mallakar wani mawuyacin lokacin da daular. Daya da rabi daga cikin jama'a aka m tare da jinkirin taki na gyara, na biyu kuwa ya ji tsoron canji. A tattalin arzikin da aka har yanzu murmurewa daga yaki tare da Turkey. Tartsatsi tsõro arko da yunkuri, ya haifar da samuwar wani counter-neman sauyi kungiyar na monarchists.

Sarkin sarakuna bai son 'yan kasashen waje, suka runtume da manufofin da Russification. Wannan ya haddasa annobar cutar da Rasha kishin kasa da kuma Yahudawa Rikicin. Ya manne wa manufa da "Rasha domin Rasha" da kuma ƙarfafa ikon da gwamnati. Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Romanov mutu daga nephritis a 1894. Kuma zo iko karshe Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II.

The ban tausayi karshen fadar iyali

Ban sha'awa gaskiya! Na uku daban-daban tsarin tsarin kunshi sarauta sunayen sarauta. Rasha Sarkin sarakuna suna kuma yana da siffofin, daya daga wanda - full. Kuma a nan ne mai suna na Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II kunshi na goma sha uku da ɗari kalmomi.

Nicholas II aka haife shi a 1868. A 1894, Nicholas ya zama sarki. Duk da babban ilimi, ya ji cewa ya ba a shirye domin da alhakin cewa an tunkuɗa su a gare shi. Kuma da yawa daga cikin Sahaban lura da cewa ya duba rude da disoriented.

Cikin mafi sarautarsa, sai ya bi manufofin da mahaifinsa. Ya kasance m, kuma sannu a hankali sosai gane da bukatar canji a dangane da abubuwan da suka faru na 1901. Duk da cewa ta ikon aka iyakance zuwa karfe, na karshe Sarkin sarakuna na Rasha da aka ƙoƙarin yi aiki a matsayin idan ya kasance har yanzu an autocrat. Nicholas so komawa a lokacin da mayar da ikon su da kakanninsu.

Bayan Bolshevik juyin juya halin na 1917 da matsayi na sarauta iyali ya zama sosai hadaddun, da kuma a shekara daga baya a cikin farkon safe Yuli goma sha bakwai, Nicholas II, matarsa da 'ya'yansa sun mutu. Kamar wancan ƙare zamanin sarakunan Rasha, da kuma a cikin tarihin kasar fara wani batu na reference.