Mataki na ashirin da 275 na kundin Code. Cin amanar kasa da laifi alhaki ga shi

Duk wani nau'i na kauda taimako zuwa wani waje ikon da za su gudanar da ayyukan da za su iya cutar da tsaro na Rasha Federation ta waje, shi ne cin amanar kasa. A Criminal Code fanarite for laifi bayar da labari 275. Mene ne fraught tare da sa hannu a cikin irin wannan ayyuka? Abin da irin azãbar iya jawo wa kansu da aikata wannan laifi? Kuma abin da wuraren da suka irin ayyukan?

Ma'ana

Concepts kamar cin amanar kasa da kuma leken asiri, akwai karni. Su labarin, a gaskiya, da tarihi na yaƙe-yaƙe. A musamman, da Brussels jawabi soma a 1897, ya furta cewa, wani ɗan leƙen asiri ne da wani mutum wanda fraudulently ko sirrin hanyar da aka tattara bayanai domin amfanin wata kasa.

Duk da haka, tsakanin wannan manufar 'leken asiri "da" m ", akwai halayyar da bambance-bambance. A farko tsame bayanai a} asar waje. Na biyu - a ƙasar kabila ne. Kamar yadda wani janar mulki, gudanar da wani laifi shirin yale shi ya ofishin, wanda aka shan shi zuwa mai gaba daya istinbadi da kuma ma'ana filaye yana da bayanai na kasa muhimmancin. By cin amanar kasa iya kuma sun hada da mika mulki mutum da abokan gaba a lokacin yaki. Sanadiyar haka ne, ajalin ake magana a kai a cikin wannan labarin, shi ne synonymous da kalmar "cin amana".

labarin

A ra'ayi bincika a wannan labarin, a daban-daban sau da a kasashe daban-daban fassara daban. Saboda haka, a karkashin shi a Ingila a lokacin Renaissance gane wani irin take hakkin musamman na sarauta dokoki. Yau, a wannan kasa, cin amanar kasa yana da matukar kunkuntar ma'anar. An fahimci matsayin hari a kan wadanada. A {asar Amirka, a wannan harka ta zargi 'yan ƙasa ga jangwalo yaki da jihar, shiga cikin maƙiya kungiyoyi da su taimaka ma su. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin wannan kasa domin cin amanar kasa ba a hukunta wani mutum ba tare da wata shaidar akalla mutane biyu. Haka kuma, a lokacin da biyu da rabi na XX karni, da ake zargi da aikata laifi, shi ne kawai mutum daya.

Tawaye a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

Kusan a shekara ɗari da suka wuce, a kasar mu da wannan lokaci na nufin wani aiki ba da alaka aji akida. Tun da 1934, a wata kasida a kan counterrevolutionary ayyukan da aka gabatar daban-daban ayyukan, kazalika da bugun fanareti a gare su. Daga cikin su aka jera, kuma cin amanar kasa. The bashin irin wannan laifi, ba kawai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, amma kuma a wasu ƙasashe ko da yaushe ya kasance mai tsanani. Ga shi shekaru masu yawa da aka hukunta, yawanci da mutuwa.

manufar "Gida" ne dangantawa ga kalmar "jiha" a cikin manyan laifuka Code na RSFSR. A raba labarin wannan laifi bai wanzu ba. A cikin marigayi thirties na karshe karni kan tuhumar da ake da aikata irin wannan aiki da aka yi Allah wadai da zãlunci manyan yawan Soviet jama'a. A irin wannan halin da ake ciki da aka lura a Jamus a lokacin. Tun daga shekarar 1960, a cikin Soviet Criminal Code aka sanya gagarumin sabawa. Treasonable yi ta tun da aka sanya wa wani raba 64th labarin.

a Rasha

Domin ayyuka da jihar Rasha jama'a ne ke da alhakin. Wannan laifi ne kishin labarin 275. Azãba - kurkuku shekara goma sha biyu ko fiye. Matsakaicin lokaci - shekara ashirin. A shekarar 2012, Duma soma gyara ga labarin, bisa ga abin da laifi alhaki riske har ma da wadanda 'yan asalin wanda azurta abu, kudi ko shawara da taimako ga kasashen waje kungiyar. Irin ayyuka ne daban-daban m rashin tabbas. Kuma saboda sabon gyara jawo kalaman na zargi.

A batu na laifi

Essential rubutu hada Mataki na ashirin da 275. High cin amanar kasa - wani laifi ga wanda azãbar laifin za a iya saki idan sun lokaci ya hana a yiwu m kanta na Rasha Federation. Wannan shi ne, idan mutum ya ƙãra yin wani aikin bayar da rahoton da hali hukuma, shi ne kebe daga laifi alhaki.

Tawaye - wani aiki da abu na wanda abubuwa a matsayin waje tsaro na kasar. Kamar yadda wani batu iya a yi la'akari da wani bayani constituting a jihar m. A aka azabtar ne Rasha Federation.

Kuma abin da ake nufi musamman domin irin wannan laifi a matsayin cin amanar kasa? Irin wannan ayyukan hada da farko leken asirin. Bayar da asirin gwamnati , da kuma wani hanyoyi domin taimakawa a kasashen waje mahaluži, da yin amfani da abin da entails m aqibar tsaro na Rasha, kuma ya yi magana game da gaskiyar da laifi wajabta a Art. 275 na kundin Code.

leken asirin

Wannan aiki da aka kira da tarin, watsa, da kuma ajiya na sata sirri bayanai - amma ba kowane irin aiki da dama a karkashin definition of "laifin cin amanar kasa". Ba kamar leken asiri cin amanar kasa ne batu na laifi. Mene ne wannan? Yi, cin amanar kasa ne kawai zai iya zama dan kasa na wata} asa, a cikin yanayin - Rasha. A leken asirin da ake zargi kawai na kasashen.

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, batun da laifi karkashin Art. 275 na kundin Code iya zama wani bayani da cewa ba batun tonawa. Wanne yankunan hada da irin wannan bayani? Tawaye - wani aiki wanda ya shafi da bayar da bayanai alaka da soja, da tattalin arziki, kimiyya, kasashen waje da manufofin da m ayyuka na Rasha Federation. Watsa bayanai wannan yanayi ne iya haifar da gwaji lalacewar tsaron kasa. Saboda haka, takardu, da watsa daga abin da aka bi da matsayin cin amanar kasa (da Criminal Code), suna alama "tallace" ko ya kamãta da musamman category. Idan irin wannan bayanai da wakilan su a jihar aika wani waje jama'a, sa'an nan muna magana ne game da leken asiri - wani laifi abin da aka rubuta a cikin mafi daki-daki, a cikin labarin. 176 na kundin Code. The bashin irin wannan laifi - kurkuku ga wani ajali na goma zuwa ashirin da shekaru.

Wani bambanci daga leken asiri jihar kafirci ne cewa a cikin tsohon harka cajin ya isar, kamar zane-zane, zane-zane, Charts, ko wani shiri, da ciwon irin wannan takardun doka. A waje dan kasa na da hakkin ya adana irin wannan bayani. Kuma haka domin mallake ta, kuma baya ya zama dukiyar jihar, shi daukawa fitar da sata.

Sauran hanyoyin da za a samar da taimako ga kasashen waje a jihar

Tawaye (Mataki na ashirin da 275 na kundin Code.) - shi ne mai laifi da ya shafi ba kawai da canja wurin da bayanai classified a matsayin "saman m." Wannan mataki na iya hada wasu ayyuka da taimakawa ga burin na wani waje kamfanin, wanda ke tsunduma a cikin m ayyuka a kasar Rasha. A ciki da irin wannan taimako na iya zama sosai bambancin.

A cikin rawar da wani da ake zargin na cin amanar kasa iya rubuce yi wani dan kasa na Rasha, wanda aka ba rayayye da hannu a cikin ayyukan da leken asirin kungiyar, amma yana da wani abu goyon baya.

Wanda ya razana su Mataki na ashirin da 275?

Tawaye - wani laifi wanda za a iya la'anta Rasha jama'a, kurtu jamiái ga kasashen waje leken, zabin da hadari gidaje ga wadanda wannan kungiyoyi da su taimaka a wani aiki na ma'aikatan. Idan a aiwatar da duk wadannan doka ayyukan jajirce ne wasu ayyukan siyasa da talakawa laifi yanayi, da suka kamata a yi la'akari da kansa.

Daga cikin sama ba za mu iya zana da wadannan ƙarshe: haƙiƙa gefe na cin amanar kasa ne halin da irin wannan ayyuka kamar yadda leken asirin, watsuwar asirin gwamnati da kuma sauran hanyoyin da za a taimaka waje da kungiyoyi da suke a rashin daidaito da bukatun na Rasha Federation.

An ce dokar cin amanar kasa da aka fallasa zuwa wasu gyararrakin a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. The ayyuka aka bayyana a sama ba ko da yaushe wani laifi. Tawaye ko leken asirin, ba haka ba da dadewa aiki a matsayin wani canja wuri na tallace bayanai.

muradi

Kayadadden bangare na wannan laifi ne kai tsaye da niyyar. Treasonable ayyuka da siyasa ko son kai, da muradi. A shari'a yi, akwai lokuta inda dalili ga irin ayyukan kamar cin amanar kasa (da Criminal Code Art. 275), shi ne sha'awar samu wani waje kasa.

Kamar yadda wani misali, ka yi la'akari da wadannan tamkar halin da ake ciki. Bari mu ɗauka cewa Shugaba na daya daga cikin kamfanonin da cewa samar da sassa na roka-gine filin, aiki don m dalilai (wanin abu sakamako ga irin wannan "hadin gwiwa", a waje kungiyar yi wa'adi ga taya jihar m dan kasa rajista), haƙĩƙa, sun shige m bayanai kasashen waje. M tasowa kasashen waje darektan sha'awar a cikin aikin farar hula. Duk da haka, dalilin da kafuwa na harka ya sanarwa na daya daga cikin ma'aikata. Ayyukan Manzanni jajirce da kai ne alamun wani laifi a karkashin Mataki na ashirin da 275, ga wanda ya za a yanke masa hukuncin.

Wa zai iya yi treasonable ayyuka?

A batu na wannan laifi yi kawai Rasha wanda ya kai shekaru goma sha shida. Bisa ga m zargin suna dauke taba zargi kasashen waje jama'a ko stateless mutane. Sun kuma ba zai iya aiki a cikin fitina kamar yadda ake zargi da tayar da rikicin. Wannan ne bayani dalla-dalla, wanda yana cikin labarin na Criminal Code. Tawaye - wani aiki ga abin da za a iya azabtar da kawai wani dan kasa na Rasha Federation. Kazalika, ce, da 106th labarin ( "The Kisan wani jariri uwa"), da kotu ta yi Allah wadai kawai uwar yaron da wani mutum. Saboda haka, cin amanar kasa da kuma leken asiri - wani laifi tsananin kanka. Leƙen Asiri, kamar yadda aka ce, shi ne iya yi kawai a baƙo.

Sabani tsakanin lauyoyi

Masana ne a rashin daidaito kamar yadda ya ke a iya zargi da laifin cin amanar kasa: wanda ya sani, bisa la'akari da aikinsu, ko da daya da suka karbi bayanai ta hanyar sata. Wasu theorists da kuma likitoci yi imani da cewa batu na iya zama wani mutum wanda aka amince da takardun constituting a jihar m. Duk da haka, irin wannan fahimtar ba a dauke a cikin m zargin. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa sukan da laifin cin amanar kasa iya bayar ga duk wanda ya bã da lãbari da sirrin bayanai.

yanayi na kebewa

Laifi alhaki ga cin amanar kasa a wasu lokuta cire daga laifin. Haka kuma an bayyana a cikin labarin. 275. Amma ga kebewa daga azãba wajibi ne don tsayar da wadannan yanayi:

1. Da son rai da kuma dace sako gawawwakin cike da iko, m bayanai. Irin ayyuka taimake su hana mummunan sakamakon ga kasar ta kasashen waje da manufofin, kuma haka cire nauyin. Amma zama da sanin cewa wani muhimmin nuna alama na fitarwa ne daidai da son rai da kuma dace.
2. Babu sauran laifi, ba alaka cin amanar kasa.

Idan daya daga cikin yanayi ne gamsu, amma kawai a sashi, zai iya yiwuwa a dauki la'akari a cikin aikace-aikace matsayin mitigating shã'aninku.

fikihu

Bayani da cewa ba za a iya bayyana, yana da kusan kowane dokar tilasta yin aiki jami'in. Idan wani dan kasa, shan 'yan sanda ko wasu hukumomin gwamnati wani muhimmin matsayi a cikin kasashen waje kamfanin aika da bayanai samu a sakamakon sana'a aiki, ya fuskanci mai tsanani laifi fanarite.

Kamar yadda a wasu irin laifuka, da muradi zai iya bauta wa kawai m sharudda. A sakamakon da aikace-aikace a kan gaskiyar da irin wadannan ayyukan zama wani dogon lokacin da gidan yari na jihar m.

A hukuncin, lalle ne, haƙĩƙa taka rawa mitigating yanayi. Bayan da aikata ayyukan da ya sa tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin na Rasha gagarumin lalacewa, initsiiator bisa doka ba aiki, da kasancewa wani dan kasa na Rasha Federation, shi iya wuya fatan wani gagarumin easing azãba. A mutum dan kaso na cin amanar kasa, hana yanci na tsawon akalla shekara goma sha biyu.