Requisitioning - wannan ... Gabatarwa ragi

The sabon abu na abinci rabo, kuma aka sani da acronym requisitioning, ya faru a Rasha a lokacin daga 1919 zuwa 1921. A wannan lokaci, gwamnatin yanke shawarar kafa wasu matsayin for burodi da kuma sauran abinci, wanda zai iya ci gaba da manoma da kuma duk da ragi suna da su sayar wa jihar a low farashin. Da ragi-appropriation tsarin da hannu abinci kungiyoyin, kwamitoci na matalauta da shiyya majalisarku, wanda ya tilasta wa manoma su daina su reserves.

Tasiri a kan yawan

Gabatarwa da ragi ya kara aggravated da riga wuya halin da ake ciki na talakawa mutane. Norms na isar da burodi da aka rarraba, ko razverstyvalis a matsayin haraji, sau da yawa sosai wuce ainihin hannun jari mazauna.

Mutane da yawa manoman suka yi ƙoƙarin boye su abinci, amma azumi abinci hari duk samu da kuma azabtar da ko da qeta "Hoarders."

sakamakon ragi

Riga lokacin farko da shekara ta'addanci da kuma abinci fara abinci ragi yawan aka saya game 44.6 ton miliyan hatsi. A shekara ta biyu alama wani gagarumin karuwa a yi da kuma kawo jihar 113,9 miliyan fam. A kaifi Yunƙurin a rates aka jawo da mamayewa na fari, a matsayin wani ɓangare na kowa mutane yana goyon baya da gurguzun su hana nasarar da makiya sojojin. Saboda haka, kawai ga Nuwamba 1917 an ajiye da oda na 33.7 miliyan fam, amma shi ne kawai zai yiwu godiya ga aiki yayin da naúrar abinci hannun jari na wucin gwamnatin, ta hanyar da aka za'ayi requisitioning.

Wannan sabon abu, wanda shine ya samar da sojoji, kuma yana da yawan shortcomings. Babban matsalar da aka matalauta kungiyar, saboda wanda wani babba ɓangare na tattara kaya da kuma bai isa manufa a lokacin, kawai washe daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. A kan bukatun da sojojin da aka yi amfani da 60% na nama da kifi, 100% taba da kuma 40% na abinci, wanda aka tattara a cikin ragi. Manoma da talakawa da ma'aikata da aka tilasta tafi jin yunwa, yayin da suka zaba kayayyakin, ya zo da manyan birane, sau da yawa washe da kuma ya kasu kashi da abincin sojoji.

Me za'ayi requisitioning

Ma'ana iyaka ga yawan manoman ya yarda kayayyakin sun hada da ma'aikata da kuma ma'aikata a akalla rabin-starved yanayin. A little mafi arziki da sojoji, da kuma ya jagoranci jihar, wanda yau da kullum da abinci da aka bayar da mafi kyaun yanayi. Da ragi ya haddasa wani rashin marmarin aiki a tsakanin manoma, saboda girbi su har yanzu tattara. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ya kai ga cikakken lalata aikin noma a farkon 1921. Fadin kasar, ya fara taro yunkuri na manoma wuya da yarjejeniyoyin da irin wannan hanyoyin.

A wannan lokacin kuma aka maye gurbinsu da ragi haraji a irin, wanda shi ne na farko kuma mafi muhimmanci mataki a cikin miƙa mulki ga NEP.

Amfani ko rashin amfani

Duk da cewa aiwatar ya iya gwada da dattako da abinci halin da ake ciki a kasar, da kuma ya zo da wata yawa mummunan sakamakon. Hukumance, da requisitioning aka gabatar Janairu 11, 1919, a cikin wani sosai m ga Soviet gwamnatin lokacin da kasar ke cikin bukatar tallafi.

Bisa ga hukuma version, da manoma, da su mika su ragi kayayyakin ƙetare matsayin da aka kafa ta gwamnati, amma shi ya faru requisitioning? Yana da quite wuya kafa yanzu da cewa kusan karni daga baya, amma har yanzu ya rike wasu asali bayani. Wani lokaci daga sauki manoma da aka zaba da kuma abin da ya kamata ya kasance a kan sirri bukatun da yawan jama'a, da kuma kudi da suka yin maye gurbinsu da dukan receipts, ga abin da bã kõme ba za a iya sayo. Wannan ya kai ga zubar da jini, wanda aka kama da yunkurin. Saboda haka, daga tarihi ra'ayi, wannan da amfãninta ninki biyu tsari.

facts

• A farko matakai na da ragi a cikin sannu a hankali collapsing Rasha Empire suka fara a watan Disamba 1916. Amma wannan, kazalika da yawa wasu manufofi na gwamnati, kawai sauƙaƙe m auka na jihar.
• Gwamnatin wucin, wanda kuma koma ga bita a cikin abinci, iya ci a replenishing abinci hannun jari, tattara miliyan 280 ton na hatsi daga wani shirin kaiwa 650.

• Requisitioning, hukuma gabatar a farkon shekara ta 1919, ya zama wani ɓangare na abinci ta'addanci na Bolsheviks a lokacin yakin basasa, abin da ya faru a lokacin da "yaki kwaminisanci".
• Domin da Bolsheviks requisitioning (da shi a hukumance tabbatar da) shi ya wajen wuya. Da aiwatar da aka farko ba zai yiwu ba a wasu yankunan, don haka shi aka za'ayi kawai a tsakiyar yankin na kasar.
• Da farko requisitioning ya shafi kawai a kan hatsi, amma a karshen 1920 matakan da aka yi amfani dangane da duk data kasance gona.
• Da farko, manoma sun je biya domin tattara kayayyakin, amma bayarwa na dukiya ya kusan gratuitous, saboda kudi da aka devalued, da kuma masana'antu da ke cikin cikakken ƙi - babu abin da ya canza.

• Babu shakka, da manoma, ba ko da yaushe yarda to aikin ba up dũkiyõyinsu, don haka akwai na musamman masu dauke da makamai, kwamitoci na matalauci da Red Army raka'a.
• Lokacin da manoma da ba da bege kuma da ikon su yi tsayayya da gwamnatin kasar ta dauki matakan, suka fara boye abinci da kuma girma alkama ba fiye da kullum.
• Ko shan la'akari da cewa abinci mulkin kama karya kai ga rashi na manoma, bãbu shakka cewa sojojin iya ciyar kawai requisitioning. Wannan sabon abu ya kuma taimaka tserewa cikin birane proletariat.
• A lokacin daga 1918 zuwa 1920 shugaban na Rasha requisition ya kwaminisanci wanda daga baya ya zama memba na Uku Reich. Yana da aka Roland Freisler.

sakamakon

A sabon abu na abinci ragi, kazalika da yawa wasu manufofin gabatar da Bolsheviks, shi ne yadda za a yawan abũbuwan amfãni, kuma da yawa rashin. Duk da cewa wannan tsari ya taimaka wa samar da kayayyakin dole soja, mafi yawan dukiya kawai bace, ko da yake shi aka kawar daga mutanen da suke bukatar su - wannan ne a gaskiya za'ayi requisitioning. Shekara, a lokacin da shi ya fara, shi ne batu na ba mai da su kwanciyar hankali da kuma farkon abin da yake a nan gaba gubar zuwa wani tsanani rikicin.