Wannan bude Dutch Explorer Abel Tasman? Taimako Abel Tasman a labarin kasa

Tasman Abel Yanszon shahara Dutch Explorer, discoverer na New Zealand, Fiji Tsibiran da Bismarck, kazalika da yawa wasu karami tsibiran. An suna bayan Tasmania tsibirin, located kudu da Australia, wanda shi ne na farko ziyarci zuwa Abel Tasman. Wannan ya bude shahara matafiyi, da kuma inda ya kasance - karanta game da shi a wannan abu.

Da asiri na asalin da navigator

A gaskiya, na yi tunani na Abel Tasman aka sani ba sosai, a kalla, a zubar da masana tarihi, akwai kuma 'yan takardu da zai zubar da haske a kan biography. Daga cikin akwai kafofin, akwai blog tafiya 1642-1643 gg., Rubuta a hannunsa, da kuma wasu daga cikin haruffa. Amma ga ranar haihuwa na seafarer, shi ne kaɗai ya sani shekara guda - 1603. A wurin haihuwa na Tasman zama da aka sani kawai, a 1845, lokacin da Dutch archives za, kõma har suka samu a 1657 - mai yiwuwa shi Lyutgegast kauye, located in Dutch lardin Groningen.

Har ila yau, kadan da aka sani game da mahaifansa biyu ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa, sai dai cewa mahaifinsa, mai yiwuwa suna Jans, a matsayin sunan tsakiya Abel Yanszon zance "Jansa ɗa." Ina Tasman aka ilimi, ya zama wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa - a kan wannan kamar yadda babu wani bayani. Kila kafin ya yana da shekara talatin, ya bai zauna babban matsayin da, amma Abel Tasman sailing a Turai ruwan yafi tsare.

Motsi da Dutch Gabas Indies

A 1633 (bisa ga wani version - a 1634) ne a Dutch ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa bar Turai, ya tafi zuwa ga Gabas Indies, tsohon a lokacin da Dutch mallaka. Akwai Abel Tasman aiki a matsayin kyaftin na jirgin ruwa na ga Dutch Gabas India Company, samun kwarewa da kuma yi aiki da kyau, a farkon 1638, sai aka nada shugaban "Angel" jirgin ruwa.

Tasmania da komawa zuwa Holland, inda ya sanya hannu kan wata sabuwar yarjejeniya da kamfanin shekara goma. Bugu da kari a India, ya koma da matarsa, game da abin kadan ne da aka sani. Suna da 'ya mace, wanda har shekaru da yawa ya rayu tare da mahaifinsa a Batavia (yanzu Jakarta), sa'an nan aure kuma ya matsa zuwa Turai.

Treasure Hunt

Daga cikin Spanish, kuma Dutch explorers dadewa Legends game da wasu m, arziki a daraja karafa Islands Rico de Plata de Oro da Puerto Rico, wanda ke nufin "m azurfa" da "zinariya-arziki", da zato located a cikin teku gabashin Japan. Anthony van Diemen, da sai Gwamna-Janar na Gabas India, da nufin samun wadannan tsibiran. A cikin search for biyu jiragen ruwa, jimlar yawan da matukan jirgin wanda ya 90 persons sun m. The jirgin "dasa" An jagorancin Abel Tasman.

2 Yuni, 1639 jirãge daga cikin harbor a Batavia suka doshi Japan. Bugu da kari ga babban aiki da balaguro da qananan matsala. Alal misali, a Philippines an yi domin daidaita taswirar a yankin, a cikin Bugu da kari, da Mariners yana da sa'a bude da dama da sabon tsibirin na Bonin Islands. Su ma an umurce su da su sayi tare da asalin mutanen da wuraren za su ziyarci. Suka ci gaba da tafiya a cikin akayi shugabanci, amma nan da nan da jirãge annoba barke, sakamakon a cikin balaguro aka tilasta juya baya. Duk da haka, Habila Tasman, da shekaru na rayuwa wanda, da kuma manyan, haƙĩƙa, sun shige a cikin m Voyages, kuma wannan lokacin bai vata lokaci a kan hanyar dawo, yayin da ci gaba da gudanar da bincike a kan marine expanses.

New kewayawa - sabon hatsarori

The balaguro koma zuwa Batavia Fabrairu 19, 1640. Habila Tasman tafiya shi ba gaba ɗaya nasara, saboda ya ƙungiya tsira kawai mutane bakwai da aka bar, da kaya shigo da kaya ba ma gamsu da Van Diemen ta Land, domin ba zai yiwu a samu arziki da dukiyar da take cikin m tsibirin. Duk da haka, da gwamnan-janar iya ba a tantance da ikon na Abel Tasman, kuma tun daga nan ya akai-akai aika zuwa a cikin daban-daban iyo.

A lokacin na gaba manufa don Taiwan rundunar kama wani karfi Typhoon nutse kusan duk jiragen ruwa. Tasmania hanyar mu'ujiza gudanar ya tsere a kan kadai tsira flagship, amma al'amurra da yake da shi ba Rosy, saboda jirgin kawai kiyaye da ninkaya: da mast da rada aka karya, da kuma riƙe ya malale, lokacin da ruwa. Amma rabo ya tsĩrar da ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa kamar yadda yo iyon da wani Dutch jirgin.

Ana shirya wani sabon manyan balaguro

The Dutch Gabas India Company fadada da tasiri lokaci zuwa lokaci shirya sabon expeditions. A wannan batun, Gwamnan-Janar van Diemen a 1642, Fitted fitar da wani balaguro, wanda manufarsa shine don nazarin kudancin tekun India, da kuma samun sabon teku hanyoyi. Yana da aka kallafa samun da Solomon Islands, bi da ze tashi a wajen gabas a search na da mafi kyau duka hanya zuwa Chile. Bugu da kari, ya wajaba don gano shaci na kudancin ƙasar, wanda aka gano Explorer Willem Yanszon a farkon XVII karni.

A wannan lokacin, da Dutch navigator dauke kusan mafi kere navigator Gabas India, shi ne ba abin mamaki ba cewa irin wannan wani muhimmin shugaban da aka nada domin kamfanin Abel Tasman balaguro. Abin da ya gano a lokacin tafiya? Wannan Tasman rubuta a cikin daki-daki, a cikin diary.

A gano Tasmania

The balaguro, 14 ga watan Agusta, 1642 da aka buga a Batavia, mutane 110 halarci. A tawagar yi tashi a kan ƙananan jirage biyu: flagship "Hemsmerke" da kuma uku-masted "Zeehane" hijirar na 60 da 100 ton, bi da bi. A cewar shaidar Tasman, jirãge a kan abin da matuƙan ya je a kan tafiya, ba a cikin mafi kyau yanayin, don haka ya san cewa a kan wadannan jiragen ruwa ne mai wuya su ƙetare Pacific da kuma isa bakin tekun na Chile.

Habila Tasman ta yanke shawarar gudanar da wani cikakken binciken na kudancin tekun Indiya, wanda ya tafi zuwa tsibirin Mauritius, wadda take gabas da Afirka, da kuma daga can ya juya zuwa ga kudu maso gabashin, sa'an nan, kai 49 ° kudu latitud, gangarawa gabas. Saboda haka ya kai gaba na tsibirin, wanda daga baya aka mai suna a bãyan discoverer - Tasmania, duk da haka, shi kansa mai Dutch ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa mai suna shi Van Diemen ta Land, bayan da gwamnan na Gabas Indies mazauna.

Ci gaba iyo da kuma sabon nasarori

The balaguro ci gaba iyo da kuma motsi a cikin wani easterly shugabanci, circled da sabon bincike ƙasar tare kudancin bakin tekun. Saboda haka, Habila Tasman isa gabar yammacin kasar na New Zealand, wanda sa'an nan ya dauki kan Earth Amurka (yanzu Staten Island, dake kashe kudancin tip na Latin America). Matafiya partially bincika da bakin tekun na New Zealand, bayan da shugaban gano cewa ƙasar gano su ba da Solomon Islands, ya yanke shawarar komawa zuwa Batavia.

Tasman ya aika jiragen ruwa zuwa arewa na balaguro. A kan hanyar dawo ya yi bude yawa sabon tsibiran, ciki har da Fiji. Af, Turai explorers zo nan ne kawai bayan 130 shekaru. Sha'awa, da Tasman shiga jirgin ruwa mun gwada kusa da Solomon Islands, wanda ya aka gaya ya nemi, amma saboda matalauta Ganuwar na balaguro ya ba lura.

Koma Batavia. Shiri na gaba balaguro

Jirãge 'Hemsmerk "da" Zeehan "koma zuwa Batavia Yuni 15, 1643. Tun da balaguro bai kawo wani samun kudin shiga, da kuma kyaftin bai cika dukan ayyuka, da gudanar da Gabas India Company a matsayin dukan da aka m tare da sakamakon na yin iyo, wadda bayar Abel Tasman. A samu na Van Diemen ta Land, duk da haka, yarda da Gwamnan wanda ya m, ya yi imani da cewa duk ba a rasa, kuma riga tunanin aika wani sabon balaguro.

Wannan lokaci, yana sha'awar New Guinea, wanda, ya yi ĩmãni, ya daraja fiye sosai gano for albarkatun ma'adinai. Gwamnan da aka ƙaddara kafa hanya tsakanin New Guinea da kuma sabon bincike Van Diemen ta Land, don haka sai nan da nan ya fara tsara wani sabon balaguro, a karkashin jagorancin nada Tasman.

A binciken na arewacin tekun na Australia

A wannan tafiya da Dutch navigator, kadan da aka sani, kamar yadda kawai kafofin na shaida game da shi - wannan wasika van Diemen, jawabi ga Gabas India Company, da kuma, a gaskiya, Maps kõma da Tasman. Navigator gudanar da tara a cikakken taswirar fiye da uku da rabi dubu. Km na arewacin tekun na Australia, da kuma wannan shi ne hujja da cewa wannan ƙasa ne ɓangaren duniya.

The balaguro koma zuwa Batavia 4 Agusta shekarar 1644. Ko da yake Gabas India Company, da kuma wannan lokacin ba su samun wata riba, a cikin isa yabo na navigator ya ba shakka, kamar yadda Abel Tasman ya yi babban taimako ga binciken fayyace kudancin nahiyar, ga cewa a watan Mayu 1645 ya aka bayar da daraja na Amirul. Bugu da kari, ya samu babban ofishin da kuma shiga cikin majalisar Justice na Batavia.

incorrigible matafiyi

Duk da sabon matsayi, wanda ya dauki Tasman, kazalika da ta hakkinsu, har yanzu daga lokaci zuwa lokaci tafi m tafiya. Saboda haka, a 1645-1646 gg. Ya halarci balaguro zuwa Malay tarin tsiburai, a 1647 ya shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa wakana (yanzu Thailand), da kuma a 1648-1649 - Philippines.

Habila Tasman, wanda biography ne cike da dukan Kasadar, a 1653, ya yi murabus. Ya zauna a cikin Batavia, inda ya yi aure a karo na biyu, amma a kan matarsa ta biyu kuma an ba da aka sani da na farko. Bayan zaune a shiru da kuma m rayuwa har zuwa 56 shekara, Tasman mutu a 1659.

An lamarin da ya faru a lokacin da daya daga cikin mutane da yawa Voyages

A Tasman blog akwai mai yawa daban-daban records, gaya mana game da balaguro 1642-1643 gg., Ina da Dutch yana da damar shiga matafiyi. Daya daga cikin labarun, ya rubuta su, yayi Magana game da lamarin da ya faru a kan wasu kananan tsibirin a kan wanda ya zama dole ga ziyarci Mariners.

Yana da haka ya faru da cewa wasu 'yan qasar harbe kibiya a cikin shugabanci na masu zuwa da kuma rauni daya daga cikin maza. Yan unguwa iya tsoron fushin da mutane a kan jirgin ruwa ya zo da m zuwa cikin jirgi, kuma mayar da su zuwa da sababbin. Suka yiwuwa zaci cewa jirgin mike tare da su delinquent tribesman, duk da haka, yawancin ya Sahaban Tasman, m dã ba su aikata haka. Amma Abel Tasman tabbatar da wani mai tausayi, wanda ya ba baƙo a gabar gaskiya, saboda haka ya bari tafi da fursuna.

An sani cewa matuƙan da suke ƙarƙashin Tasman, mutunta, kuma a yaba da shi, kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda a wannan labarin da 'yan qasar delinquent, za mu iya cewa shi ya kasance wani nagarin mutum. Bugu da kari, ya kasance wani gogaggen navigator da sana'a a gonarsa, don haka da matuƙan amince da shi.

ƙarshe

Tun da balaguro na Dutch navigator ne na farko manyan nazarin Australian ruwa, da kuma Oceania, da taimako na Abel Tasman a labarin kasa ba za a iya overestimated. Ayyukansa sun gudummawar da wani gagarumin enrichment na maps na lokacin, don haka da Tasman ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci majagaba na XVII karni.

A Jihar Archives na Netherlands, located in The Hague, kiyaye mafi muhimmanci ga tarihi na diary, wanda Tasman da kaina cika a lokacin daya daga cikin expeditions. Yana da wani taro na dukan bayanai, kuma images cewa nuna kasancewar wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa na kwarai m iyawa. Cikakken rubutu daga cikin diary aka farko da aka buga a 1860 da takwararta Tasman Yakubu Schwartz. Abin baƙin ciki, masana kimiyya har yanzu ba zai iya samun asali logbook da jiragen ruwa a kan wanda ya shiga jirgin ruwa da Tasman.

Tasmania - ba kawai Gwargwadon mahaluži da ake kira da sunan da shahararrun discoverer. Daga abin da aka mai suna bayan Abel Tasman, za mu iya rarrabe cikin tẽku, located tsakanin Australia da kuma New Zealand, kazalika da wani rukuni na kananan tsibiran dake cikin tekun Pacific.