Bulls: Dabbobi na shanu da halaye. Naman ƙudan zuma

All breeds na shanu rarrabu a uku main yankunan: madara, nama da madara da nama. Jinsin dabba na karshe shine halin da yafi girma da girma. Naman irin waɗannan shanu suna yawan rufe shi da ma'auni, saboda haka ana nuna juiciness da matsayi mai kyau. Kuma wannan dama akan irin wadan daji da ke da alade na iya yin alfaharin shanu da na shanu. Dabbobi na shanu mai nama yawanci basu da kyau a kula da ciyarwa.

Yanayin halayen duwatsu

Babban alama na kiwo irin wannan shanu shine cewa calves ne a kan sap daga uwa zuwa shida zuwa takwas watanni. Wannan lokaci mai tsawo yana bayyana quite kawai. Shan shanu - tare da ƙananan ƙananan - ba madara ba. A cikin watanni 5-8 na gaba, ana sa kananan yara da zaki-calves a kan kayan abinci, hay da kayan lambu. Wani lokaci kafin a yanka, dabbobi masu tasowa suna canjawa zuwa abincin hatsi. Wannan yana ba ka damar samun sakamako mafi kyau dangane da ƙara nauyin da kuma naman nama. Hanyoyin amfanin gonar za su iya kaiwa zuwa kashi 64% na gawawwakin gawa.

Tarihin Kalmyk irin

Wannan shi ne mafi kyau m nama dabbõbi irin. An shayar da shi ne daga Kalmyks mai suna a cikin tsaka-tsaki na tsakiya da tsakiyar tsakiyar Asia. A Rasha, wannan nau'in ya zama mai sha'awar kuma ya fara farfado fiye da shekaru 400 da suka shude. Yayin da 'yan noman sun koma yamma, Kalmyk irin na bijimai sun fara karuwa a Siberia, sannan a kan Volga da Don.

Main Features

Tsarin tsarin waɗannan dabbobi yana da karfi, mai karfi da jituwa. An rarrabe jiki ta hanyar kiran siffofin nama. Babban fasali na irin shine shine babu tsinkaye a kan kai. Maciyar kalmyk zai iya auna kilo 450-600. Kwanan 800-1100 ne abin da zaku iya yi alfahari. Rawan daji na naman da aka kebanta suna ci gaba da girma. A haihuwa, Kalmyk calves yayi nauyi kawai 20-25 kg. A shekara guda saniya zai iya bada kilo 800-1500 na madara. Wannan yafi isa ga kayan da aka samu na yara masu kyau, da suka bunkasa.

Launi na shanu na wannan nau'in yawanci ja ko ja-fari. Akwai ma ja-dabbare-dabbare, ruwan kasa-dabbare-dabbare da kuma ja daga cikin wakilan. Ana amfani da irin, ciki har da iyaye, a aiwatar da aikin zaɓi. Alal misali, ta tsallaka Kalmyk, Hereford da kuma Kazakhstan shanu da aka samu Kazakh fari.

Kula

Dabar Kalmyk ba ta buƙatar kowane yanayi na musamman na ajiye ko ciyar. Waɗannan su ne matukar shanu da bijimai. Dabbobi na shanu, shayarwa na ƙarni a cikin yanayin yanayin yanayi na yau da kullum, ko da yaushe ya bambanta da daidaitaccen yanayin da ya shafi abubuwa masu ban sha'awa. Lokacin da aka juya zuwa wurare tare da yanayi mafi tsanani, dabbobin nan da nan sukan daidaita, ba tare da rage yawan aiki ba. Saboda haka, unpretentiousness, saboda haka, shine babban amfani da Kalmyk irin. Koda a cikin matalauta, tsararrakin da aka shafe-raye, wadannan dabbobi suna da nauyi sosai. Naman waɗannan shanu ne mai dadi da hawan kalori. Ana shayar da shanu a Kalmyk da yawa a yankunan da ba su da kyau a kasar.

Hereford irin

An gano waɗannan dabbobin a cikin karni na 18 a Ingila. Da zarar irin bijimai Hereford aka yi amfani ne kawai a matsayin takarda na dabba. Duk da haka, a yanzu a karni na 18, aikin noma yayi amfani da shi don samun dabbobi masu kyau. Herefords ya fara aikawa zuwa wasu ƙasashe. A wannan lokacin wannan shine irin nama mafi yawan gaske a duniya. A Rasha an shigo da shi a 1928.

Ayyukan

Wadun shanu na Hereford sune halayyar jiki na jiki. Jiki shine nau'i-nau'i ne, mota kuma m, wuyansa ya takaice, kuma naman alade ne ƙwayar murya. Launi na irin shine duhu ja. A daidai wannan madararru, kai, ciki, ciki da ƙananan kafafu sune fari. Nauyin shanu - 550-650 kg, kg 850-1000 zasu iya kai ga mai. Irin nauyin bijimai Hereford da Kalmyk, saboda haka, a cikin ikon yin nauyi da juna ba kusan ba. Dabbobi suna da kyau sosai. Abincin daga Hereford "marmara" tare da veins, mai dadi sosai, kuma yawan amfaninta zai iya kai har kashi 62 cikin dari na gawawwakin gawa.

Kula da Hereford

Kamar Kalmyk, Hereford shanu suna bambanta ta wurin rashin amincewar su da ikon yin amfani da yanayin damuwa mai tsanani. Irin wadannan dabbobin suna kwantar da hankula da jin dadi. A cikin abinci suna da kyau sosai. Ana haifa ƙananan ƙananan (25-30 kg), amma da sauri samun nauyi kuma kusan ba sa da lafiya.

Rasha 'yan luwadi

Wannan wani nau'in nama ne mai kyau. An janye shi a cikin Volgograd yankin kwanan nan - a 2007. Babban fasalin nau'in shine kwat da wando. Kwancen shanu na Rasha zasu iya kaiwa 550-550 kg, bijimai - kilo 1100. Wannan nau'in, kamar sauran nama, yana da kyau sosai kuma baya jin dadi har ma a cikin yanayi mai ma'ana. Wani amfani na gnat na Rasha shine tsayayya da cutar. Naman waɗannan shanu "marmara" ne.

Abedin-Angus ya fito

An gano wadannan dabbobi a Scotland a karni na 18. A Rasha, an kawo wakilan farko a cikin 1917. Duk da haka, ba su da yawa da yawa a lokacin. A karo na biyu an kawo irin waɗannan dabbobi zuwa kasar a 1948. Ana rarrabe nau'in ta hanyar gashin baki da jiki mai karfi. Ƙafãfun shanu na abedin-agus suna takaice, kuma babba babba ne. Daya daga cikin amfanin wannan irin shine farkon matasan. Yayi haihuwa a kimanin kilo 25. Nauyin nauyin bijimai - 750-1200 kg. Shanu zasu iya kai nauyin kilo 450-500.

Ƙwararrun nau'in

Da farko, waɗannan dabbobi suna cin nama kamar madara da madara. An samu sãniya a cikin Faransanci a karni na 18 ta hanyar tsallaka Aquitaine tare da wasu irin wadan da suke da nasaba. Daga bisani, aikin zaɓin ya shafi ci gaba da yawancin nama. A Rasha da wannan irin aka shigo da a farkon 60s.

Nauyin nau'in limousine na dabba yana da jikin tsohuwar jiki, da kananan kawuna da ƙaho. Waɗannan su ne dabbobi maras kyau (shanu - 135 cm, bijimai - 145 cm). An haifi ƙudawan ƙananan - 40 kg. Duk da haka, ta lokacin yanka zai iya kai nauyin kilo 310. An rarraba irin wannan nau'in ta hanyar rashin kulawa da tsayayya da cututtuka. A Faransa, yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan al'ada. Kyakkyawan dandano yana nama kamar limousine calves, wanda aka yanka sau da yawa don sayarwa, da kuma tsofaffi shanu da bijimai.

Sauran rassa masu yawa

Dabbobin naman da aka bayyana a sama suna da yawa a kasarmu. Musamman Kalmyk da Hereford. Duk da haka, a kan gonaki mafi sau da yawa nama da kiwo dabbobi suna girma. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun shahararrun wannan jagora shine Simmental daya. Wadannan suna da kyau sosai kuma ba ma dabbobi mara kyau ba. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da kyau Holstein.

Shan shanu

Sun kawo wadannan dabbobi zuwa Switzerland. Sau ɗaya a wani lokaci Smentalks sun kasance shanu mara kyau. Duk da haka, babban aiki a kan zaɓar dabbobi mafi kyau ya samar da kyakkyawan sakamako. Yau Misalin nau'in bijimai - babba, yana ba da yawa madara madara. Tsarin mulki na wadannan mutane yana da karfi, ƙwayar murya, wani lokacin har ma m, tsayinsa yana da tsawo, kuma kashin baya yana da karfi. Daga wata saniya yana yiwuwa a karbi kilo 3500-6000 na madara a kowace shekara. Nauyin bijimai zai iya isa kilo 900-1000. Shanu - kilo 600-900. Ana hawan ƙananan baƙuƙi sosai - a cikin 60 kg. Kashe yawan amfanin naman zai iya zama 56-65%. Cows da yawa suna jurewa sanyi da zafi. Duk da haka, don samun sakamako mai kyau, dole ne a ciyar da su.

Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa a madaidaiciya. Wadannan shanu an tashe su ne a yankunan Chernozem na Rasha da Ukraine.

Shanu na Holstein irin

Kasashen da ke cikin gida sune Holland. Duk da haka, tare da yawan yawan samfurinsa na yanzu, nau'in kiɗa na Holstein ne saboda dan asalin Amurka daga Belmont, Wensroop V. Chenery. A wannan lokacin ita ce mafi yawan shayarwa a duniya. Suna haifar da shi a kasashe da dama. Kwan zuma na Holstein zai iya ba da kilo 8000-10000 na madara a kowace shekara. Ɗaya daga cikin siffofin rarrabe irin wannan nau'in shine mai ɗigon fasalin babban nau'in nau'i-nau'i. Launi daga cikin wadannan dabbobi baƙaƙƙiƙi ne baƙi ko ja-motsi. Wani lokaci akwai dabbobi baki da ƙananan alamomi a cikin sassan kafafu, ciki, wutsiya da kai. Tun 1971, an gane su a matsayin nau'in raba. Rawan da aka haifa a lokacin haihuwa yana da nauyin kilo 37-42. Ba wai kawai madara ne kawai ba, amma har ma da manyan nau'in. Ƙararuwan alkama zasu iya auna har zuwa kilo 1200, shanu - har zuwa kilo 750.

Dabbobin naman da aka dauke a sama za a iya la'akari da su a wannan lokaci. Suna girma wakilan su ba kawai ga madara da nama ba. Sau da yawa, ana amfani da irin waɗannan nau'o'in a matsayin iyayensu a cikin kiwo sabon, mai kwarewa da kuma dadi.