Varroatosis na ƙudan zuma: rigakafi, hanyoyi na magani. Kudan zuma ga masu farawa

Varroa - daya daga cikin na kowa da m cututtuka na ƙudan zuma. Ya kira shi mite Varroa destructor. Wannan arthropod m on ƙudan zuma, da drones, mahaifa, larvae da pupae da ciyar a kan su jini. A sakamakon haka, kwari yi rauni, kuma ƙarshe mutu.

bayyanar mite

Parasitize ƙudan zuma kawai mace Varroa destructor. Maza, wata cũta ba kwari ba sa. Takin mace, suka nan da nan ya mutu. Externally, da Varroa mite kama kaguwa kananan (1.1 mm) na mai ruwan kasa launi. The mace da wannan m, mai kaifi ne-tsotsa mouthparts. Tare da shi, shi da ke shiga cikin chitin cover ƙudan zuma da kuma fara tsotse jini (hemolymph). Propagated kaska wannan nau'in sosai da sauri, kwanciya qwai game da 0.5 mm a size.

Hanyar kamuwa da cuta

Don kwanan wata, kusan duk apiaries ne iyalan da suke zaune tare da wannan hatsari m. Daukar kwayar cutar Varroa kudan zuma iya a hanyoyi da dama:

• tare da sayan sabon iyalai a disadvantaged gidaje.
• ta hanyar-barayi ƙudan zuma.
• ta hanyar tumakinsa tare da ayarinsa.
• ta hanyar kudan zuma kunshe-;
• yawo ta hanyar ƙudan zuma.

Yadda cutar bayyana kanta

Varroatosis hadari, da sauransu, ya ta'allaka ne da cewa yana da wuya a gane a wani wuri mataki. A mite Varroa destructor, kamar yadda aka ambata riga, yana da matukar kananan size. Saboda haka, sanarwa na parasites, a cikin taron da cewa ba su da yawa yawaita, shi ne wuya. A mafi tsanani raunuka domin sanin Varroa kudan zuma zai iya zama a kan hali na kwari da kansu. Su kasa rayayye tara Nectar da haka zama fiye da m da kuma m. Daga cikin abubuwan, kuma rage su lifespan.

Idan beekeeper ba ya dauki matakai don rabu da ƙudan zuma daga mites cuta ke shiga da zurfi mataki. A lokaci guda a cikin hive za su fara bayyana musamman raunana motley brood. Game da Varroa a guje, a cikin wasu abubuwa, da kuma iya nuna wani babban adadin mummuna kananan ƙudan zuma. Wasu samfurori daga kamuwa da amya, misali, ba su da fuka-fuki. Wani ãyã daga rashin lafiya da aka taqaitaccen ciki na ƙudan zuma. A karshe mataki Varroa shiga cikin 3-4th shekara bayan kamuwa da cuta.

effects

Don dauki matakan da suka dace ya kamata a qaddamar nan da nan bayan da Varroa kudan zuma gano. Alamun wannan cuta, haka - shi ne da farko wani m hali da kuma fitowan na kwari a cikin hive mummuna dabbobi. Mene ne sakamakon Varroa destructor infestation?

Mummunan sakamako na wannan cuta ne, ba shakka, wani gagarumin raguwa a yawan aiki na ƙudan zuma. Bugu da kari, fall na haƙuri ta iyali ba zai iya samar da wani shigen sukari. A cikin hunturu, da raunana ƙudan zuma kamu yawanci mutu daga yunwa ba. Wani lokacin da ta faru, kuma dõmin ya fusata kwari, a maimakon haka, to rayayye kai farmaki da abinci. A sakamakon haka, da spring sun mutu saboda zawo.

Yadda cutar tasowa

Da zarar a cikin hive, da mace mite ratsa cikin cell larval Kwayoyin. Bayan ga ƙudan zuma rufe shi, da ta fara zuwa rayayye ciyar. A daidai wannan mite kayansa mãsu yawa qwai da cewa baya su fito da sabon mace da daya namiji. Game da wani mako na karshe fertilizes 'Yan'uwansa mata kuma ya mutu. The mace-kafa, da kuma sabon parasites bar tantanin halitta a bãyan bude da kuma bayan kwana 4 na fara wani sabon kwai samarwa.

A mafi girma yawan parasites yayin da infecting Varroa lura a drone brood (a cikin 7-15 sau fiye da a cikin kudan zuma). A rayuwa span na mace a lokacin rani ne game da watanni 3, a cikin hunturu - 9.

Ta yaya domin sanin gaban mite a cikin hive

Tun Varroa destructor ne sosai na kowa da kullum yana sa babban lalacewar da apiary, amma dace ganewar asali na kamuwa da cuta na iya zama wani garanti domin samun nasarar irin wannan ayyuka kamar yadda beekeeping. A cikin bazara na amya ake bukata da za a binciki. Wannan zai rage lalacewar ta wurin wani mite, zuwa m. Musamman hankali ya kamata a biya zuwa jarrabawa na brood. Ya kamata ka kuma a tabbata cewa ga ƙudan zuma nuna hali a cikin saba hanya, kuma a cikin hive ba matattu dabbobi. A fuka-fuki na kwari dole ne dukan, da lafiya. A gaban cije iya nuna kamuwa da cuta.

Bugu da kari ga hive, kana bukatar ka gano da sarari na gaba da shi. Kamuwa, mai tsanani raunana kudan zuma larvae da pupae yawanci jefa fitar.

Ta yaya zan iya rabu da wani gidan kudan zuma mite

Varroa kudan zuma bi da a hanyoyi daban-daban. All hanyoyin za a iya raba uku manyan kungiyoyin. Mafi sau da yawa, don kawar da amya daga beekeepers mite amfani da dukan musamman sunadarai. Amma akwai kuma magoya bayan na tsabtace muhalli ayyuka tsakanin beekeepers. Wadannan beekeepers yi wa Varroa da na halitta wajen. Akwai kuma inji hanyoyin da za a cire parasites. Alal misali, wani lokacin rabu da mites, ƙudan zuma da ajiye wani musamman zafi jam'iyya domin minti 15 (a zazzabi na game da 47 digiri). Duk da haka, wannan hanya ne sosai aiki m, sabili da haka da wuya amfani. Beekeepers kuma wani lokacin excised daga amya drone brood. Bayan duk, shi ya ƙunshi mafi girma yawan mites.

A amfani da sinadarai

Kamar wani ciwo na ƙudan zuma, Varroa ne sau da yawa bi da tare da yin amfani da iri daban-daban kwayoyi sayi. Daga musamman kudi na wannan kungiyar beekeepers yawanci amfani da:

• peritroidy ( "Apifit", "Apistan", "Fumisan");
• brompropilaty ( "Folbeks");
• formaniny ( "Bipin," "Anitraz", "Taktin").

Saya duk wadannan kayayyakin aiki na iya zama a cikin wata sana'a store "for beekeepers Kaya" ko via da Internet. A wannan magani ga dama shekaru ba za a iya amfani da a kan wani apiary. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar sabon maye gurbi mite resistant zuwa cewa musamman makaman. Gogaggen beekeepers rika amfani da apiary wadannan regimen:

• A farkon da kuma tsakiyar bazara yi amfani da halitta magunguna.
• A watan Agusta, nema "Fumisan" ko "Apifit".
• A cikin kaka na amfani "Bipin" ko "Taktin".

Jiyya varroatosis spring ne yawanci gudanar da yin amfani da "Apifita" (1 farantin 3 cell).

Kawar da hive na mites ne musamman wuya kafin rashin himma. Gaskiyar ita ce, a wannan lokacin mace shiga cikin tergites ƙudan zuma, inda suka zauna har zuwa spring. Sabili da haka, amfani da sunadarai kawai ba su da wani tasiri a kan su. Saboda haka, a cikin kaka, kafin sahun gudanar da aiki na "Bipin" ko "Taktinom", ya kamata ka yi amfani da 20% tincture na Mint. Da wari daga cikin ciyawa mites ba na son. Saboda haka, suna kunne kuma bar tergites. A wannan yanayin, parasites an riga an rufe ta da asali kwayoyi.

"Bipin 'for ƙudan zuma: wa'azi a kan yin amfani da kudi

Wannan magani na ga kungiyar formaninov domin magance Varroa beekeepers ake amfani da mafi sau da yawa fiye da sauran formulations. Saboda haka ci gaba da la'akari da abin da shi ne da kuma yadda aka yi amfani da. Babban aiki abu "Bipin" ne amitraz - musamman addashin destructively a kan ticks, guba. Yana kawota wannan wakili a ampoules da kuma wakiltar yellowish ruwa da ciwon wani m wari (as a naphthalene).

Yadda daidai amfani da "Bipin 'for ƙudan zuma? Umurnai na yin amfani da ta musamman sauki. yana nufin wani ruwa-ruwa bayani da ake amfani da aiki. Karshe ta shirya hadawa daya vial (0.5 ml) a wani lita na ruwa mai tsarkakẽwa. A magani ne da za'ayi ta nomena rani melkostruynogo "tituna" na hive (10 ml da) sau biyu a mako-mako jinkiri.

halitta magunguna

Kamar yadda da kusan duk wani sauran cuta na ƙudan zuma, Varroa za a iya bi ba kawai tare da yin amfani da sunadarai, amma kuma dukan halitta mahadi. Daga halitta, hadari wajen rabu da hive daga mites za a iya amfani da:

• formic acid da kuma oxalic acid.
• daban-daban iri iri na man fetur (dill, fir).
• ganye.

A sugar aka aza a gaban hive rashin himma, masana bayar da shawarar ƙara halitta magani CAS 81, wanda shi ne mai decoction na abinci mai ɗaci, kuma Pine buds. Bayan ga ƙudan zuma ci shi, da jini zama m. A sakamakon haka, mites kawai ki ci shi.

Amfani mai

Wannan hanya da aka dauke su quite tasiri, amma a lokaci guda kuma aiki-m. Mai domin lura da daban-daban ƙudan zuma za a iya amfani da su. Beekeepers iya tambaya, misali, fir itacen al'ul, Pine, da sauransu. G. Insects Very sau da yawa bi da, misali, ladabi kayan lambu mai, gauraye da dama saukad da na fennel ko kafur. Wannan abun da ke ciki na iya zama da gaske da amfani sosai a wannan yanayin, kamar yadda beekeeping. kwaro spring dole ne feshi a cakuda man fetur, pre-ja frame, ta amfani da musamman SPRAY. Processing da za a yi sau biyu, a wani lokaci na kwanaki 10. The uku lokaci, man amfani a cikin kaka, bayan ƙulli medosbora, cinyewa game 2 g da miyagun ƙwayoyi a kan firam.

Varroatosis domin magani kuma za a iya bai wa ƙudan zuma a cikin spring saman miya da dill mai gauraye a shi. Wani lokacin beekeepers kuma mai tsanani a karshen a wani musamman jam'iyya da kuma shiryar da shi ma'aurata su hive ta hanya famfo.

Miya da kuma man shanu yi sosai sauki. Domin wannan, a cikin wasu abubuwa, kuma akwai bukatar a bit of syrup (misali, daga wani jam). 10-15 sassa dill man ne gauraye da 85-90 sassa na vaseline. Sa'an nan kara 3.2 ml na syrup. A sakamakon wakili ne amfani a ko'ina a kan takarda sheet 2. Bugu da ari, daya daga cikinsu sanya a kasa na hive (warkewa gado sama) da kuma na biyu da aka sanya a saman da tsarin. Dill man fetur za a iya saya a kantin sayar da ko yi da shi da kanka. A karshen harka pounded 300 g na tsaba. Sai suka zuba sunflower man fetur da kuma nace a mako daya, stirring kullum. Shirye nufin tace ta hanyar folded sau da yawa gauze.

A amfani da oxalic acid

Wannan kayan aiki ne ko da yaushe akwai a shagunan "The dukiya ga beekeepers" da kuma beekeepers amfani sosai yadu. Aiyuka oxalic acid da yafi ga spraying. A wannan yanayin, da firam an cire daga amya. Na acid kanta shirya a kan wani 2% bayani daga Boiled ruwa. Ya kamata cinye 10-12 ml na samfurin daya frame. Carry sarrafa dole ne a zazzabi ba m fiye 16 digiri. Gudanar da wani spraying sau da yawa a lokacin kakar (3-4). A cikin kaka na aiki yi bayan zuma yin famfo da kuma ciyar da alamar shafi. Lokacin amfani oxalic acid ticks fara fada kashe riga a kan 10-12 rana. Jiyya ne da za'ayi a bushe weather. Amfani da oxalic acid kada ta kasance ta yi tsawo. A cikin aikace-aikace na wannan kayan aiki fiye da shida a jere shekaru, da parasites ci gaba da juriya.

Oxalic acid za a iya amfani ba kawai domin spraying, amma kuma ga fumigation na beehives a nau'i-nau'i. A wannan yanayin, kamar yadda a lokacin da yin amfani da dill mai, amfani da musamman jam'iyya da kuma famfo.

A amfani da ganye

Kamar wani ciwo na ƙudan zuma, Varroa za a iya bi da ganye. Daban-daban iri iri na infusions da decoctions ake amfani da su a cikin al'amarin, idan suna son su kare muhalli tsarki na zuma. Duk da haka beekeeper, shi ya so ya yi amfani da albarkatun kasa ya kamata a kiyaye a tuna cewa su ne na baya a tasiri sinadaran shirye-shirye (50%).

A lura da kudan zuma mite za a iya yi ta amfani da, misali, yana nufin irin su:

• Broth motherwort, camomile da Calendula (Boiled 50 minutes). A ƙãre ruwa da aka gauraye da sugar syrup kuma ciyar da ƙudan zuma samun abun da ke ciki. Yi amfani da decoction yawanci fada.
• Jiko 50 g barkono Boiled a cikin 0.5 lita na ruwa. A wani searing ruwa ya kamata a kara kadan sukari syrup. Wannan kayan aiki da ake amfani da matsayin ciyar spring.
• Sprigs na daji ceri. Suna kawai aza a kan tsarin. Maimakon daji ceri mite iya kokarin kore yin amfani da shredded thyme.
• Softwood gari. An fesa a cikin spring, a lokacin da hive kadan brood.

quite wuya yin amfani da wadannan kayayyakin aiki, amma shi ne har yanzu yiwu ga rabu da irin wannan cututtuka kamar Varroa kudan zuma. Na ganye magani, duk da haka, yana da daraja jawabin a tare da sunadarai. Wannan zai rabu da mu da mites maza maza.

magance

Jiyya ƙudan zuma daga varroatosis ta wannan hanya na iya zama sosai m. Zafi magani - shi ne tsabtace muhalli, amma shi ne isa da kuma aiki-m hanyoyin. Yi wannan hanya yawanci fada. An sanya kamar haka:

• Ƙananan notches 10 an ciyar daga smoker puffs.
• Rufewa da taphole, da hive aka shiga a cikin dakin da zazzabi wanda shi ne dan kadan fi titi (amma ba fiye da 12 digiri).
• Cire daga hive Frames.
• Ƙudan zuma suna girgiza tare da ya zauna cikin mahaifa, a cikin cassette ta mazurari.
• A cassette da aka rufe. Bees da tsira a shi na mintina 15.
• A cassette da aka adana a cikin wani mai tsanani wanka. A dakin da zazzabi dole ne barga kuma ci gaba a 47 digiri.

A lokacin aiki, da cassette ya kamata a juya da kuma girgiza, ba kyale wa ƙudan zuma huddled up a wani ball. Bayan 15 min kudan zuma da za'ayi na wanka. A cikin dakin inda wata gidan kudan zuma, tef ya kamata a kiyaye domin a kara minti 15. Bugu da ari kwari zuba baya ga da Frames, kuma an saita zuwa hive. Bayan ga ƙudan zuma natsu, kasa ƙofar da aka bude 8 cm. Bayan awa har Ya rage bukata a wannan lokacin, da size.

Idan ya cancanta, da magani daga ƙudan zuma gudanar a cikin wani wanka varroatosis biyu spring. Yi da shi a wannan lokaci, kwanaki biyar bayan da farko flyby.

rigakafin

Kamar sauran cututtuka na ƙudan zuma, Varroa yi wa quite wuya. Yana da sauƙin ga kokarin hana shigar azzakari cikin farji na mites a cikin hive. Rigakafin iya hada wadannan ayyukan:

• Musamman shigarwa a beehives protivovarroatoznogo kasa;
• rike da apiary tsaftacewa (kau na wuce haddi da ciyawa tarkace fitad da brood, da dai sauransu ...).
• da yin amfani da musamman shirye-shirye (misali, yana nufin "Thymol");
• Girkawar a beehives kangon da saƙar zuma.
• Association of rauni iyalai da sauransu. D.

Rigakafin varroatosis ya kamata a gudanar a ranar apiaries zama dole. Bugu da kari, da beekeeper dole ne ko da yaushe tabbatar da cewa ƙudan zuma suna ba da cutar dukan comorbidities, Tick-haifa.

Rigakafin kamuwa da cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta

Jini tsotsa mite Varroa destructor raunana kudan zuma, suna ɓuɓɓugar da shi hasarar da nishaxi, da ƙarshe ya mutu. Duk da haka, shi ne ba kawai da lalacewar ta wurin wannan m. Saboda haka, misali, da ugliness na ƙudan zuma bayyana da farko saboda gaskiyar cewa mace na Varroa destructor harba su dukan cutarwa kwayoyin. Wannan na iya zama, misali, wata cutar iri na reshe ko m inna.

Rigakafin irin wannan cuta ne da farko a cikin al'amurra da matakan inganta tsarin na rigakafi na ƙudan zuma. Sau da yawa sosai, da masu da apiaries amfani da wannan manufa, misali, ciyar da Pine tsame. Har ila yau, mai kyau sake dubawa a matsayin hanyar bunkasa rigakafi, akwai wani "Endoglyukin" shirye-shiryen.

ƙarshe

Kamar yadda ka gani, Varroa kudan zuma - cuta ne ƙwarai da gaske. Matakan domin halakar da kaska ya kamata a dauka a farko alamun kamuwa da cuta. In ba haka ba, beekeeper sa ran ba kawai babbar asarar da hade da wani karfi dakushe yawan aiki na ƙudan zuma. Idan cutar da ake fara, da iyali zai iya kuma kada rasa.