Wani nau'in ba kawai wani abu ne ko kare ba, amma wani abu ne

Irin wannan abu ne mai mahimmanci. Jinsin yana nuna duk abin da ke da nau'i na musamman, nau'in, ga masu rai da waɗanda ba su da rai.

Abin da ake nufi da wannan

Irin wannan shine nau'in halittu masu rai da marasa rai. Kuna iya bambanta:

1. Dabbobi da suka bambanta a mazauninsu ko wasu dukiya. Alal misali, irin dabbobin da zasu iya rayuwa ne kawai a arewa ko kudu. Mutum zai iya cire shi (irin jinsi, karnuka, da dai sauransu). Duk dabbobin dake zaune a cikin gandun daji, a cikin steppes, a gida farmsteads suna da irin.
2. Tsire-tsire. Mafi sau da yawa, ana sanya bishiyoyi, misali, conifers.
3. Ma'adanai, kayan hakar ma'adinai.
4. Wani lokaci ma'anar "irin" tana nufin mutane, irinsu, asali.

Dutsen na iya zama abu mai laushi ko mai wuya, alal misali itace.

Ganye

Dutsen mai dadi shine tarin nau'o'in kayan da aka ƙayyade ta hanyoyi daban-daban. An mafi sau da yawa amfani da su gano taurin katako Hanyar Brinell. Ya haɗa da aunawa zurfin rashin ciki a cikin itace. Don wannan, a ƙarƙashin matsa lamba, an guga man karfe. Sa'an nan kuma an cire shi kuma zurfin halayen da aka rage a cikin ma'auni (HB).

Wani lokaci Hardness an auna ta hanyar Rockwell. Shafin ma'auni yana kama da na baya, amma sassan da aka samu a wannan yanayin shine wasu - HRC ko HRA, HRB.

Bisa ga sakamakon binciken, rarraba bishiyar bishiyoyi bisa ga tauraron da aka yi. Da farko shine Jatoba tare da tsananin nauyin HB 7. Matsayi na biyu shine sucupyra, hardness shine 5.6 NV.

Dukkan itatuwan da wuya na kasa da 4 HB ana kiransa laushi.

Dutsen mai karfi

Dutsen dutse mai ƙarfi ne na asali na halitta, zuwa kashi uku manyan kungiyoyi: sedimentary, metamorphic da magmatic.

Abinda ya fi kowa na asali na asali shine gurasar. An yi amfani dashi a cikin aikin.

A cikin ɓangare na ɓawon ƙwayar ƙasa akwai ƙuƙƙun duwatsu. Sakamakon ayyukan da suka dace da kwayoyin halitta ko halakar wasu nau'in. Dutsen dutse - wasu 'yan kuɗi, wanda ya haɗa da nau'i, sunadarai da kwayoyin halitta.

Metamorphic yawanci suna wakiltar shale, marble da ma'adini. Wadannan kayan an kafa ne a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin yanayin zafi da matsin lamba.

Dabbobi

Dabbobi na dabbobi suna da kungiyoyi masu yawa na nau'i daya, tare da tarihin bunkasa daya. Yawancin lokaci nau'in yana da wasu kaddarorin da suka gaji da kuma sanya su a cikin kwayoyin. Kuma yana da mahimmanci cewa zuriya da iyaye suna da siffofin, jiki, launuka. Lokacin da ke tsallake daban-daban iri, ana samu hybrids ko mestizos.

Don ƙwarewar sabon nau'in, an yi aiki mai yawa a cikin shekaru masu yawa. A sakamakon haka, an samo yawancin dabbobi da yawa, wanda aka bayyana alamun wannan alamomin, kuma a yanayin dabi'un jinsi suna dage farawa.

Da zarar shayarwa na shanu suka sami sakamakon da ake so (yawancin tsararraki suna da nau'i-nau'i, dabi'u masu canzawa), ana kiran wannan nau'ikan tsarin. Wadannan dabbobi suna karban zuriya masu tsarki a irin wannan da zai yiwu a adana tsarki na irin. Bayan cimma sakamakon da aka so, ana yin rajista ta hanyar haɗa shi zuwa wata ƙasa.

Tsire-tsire

Haka kuma an cire wasu sababbin bishiyoyin coniferous. An samo su ta hanyar tsallaka iri daban-daban, nau'i na pines, tuja, junipers. A sakamakon haka, masu shayarwa suna sarrafawa don samun tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da kyawawan kaddarorin. Alal misali, dwarf pine, nau'in coniferous, wanda zai iya ɗaukar gishiri mai tsananin karfi, conifers tare da launi mai launi daban-daban, needles.

Duk wani nau'i ne sakamakon aikin da aka yi na dogon lokaci. Kuma ba kome bane ko an halicci shi ta hanyar dabi'a ko mutum.