Boris Babochkin: biography kuma Filmography

A cewar Oleg Yefremov, Stanislavski halitta ya m tsarin da mutane kamar Boris Babochkin. Biography na actor, wanda aka haifa a 1904 kamar tsaga Chapayeva irin rawa da su a 1934, a sassa biyu: "kafin" da "bayan".

ƙaramin shekaru

Haife Boris Andreevich Babochkin a Saratov 18.01.1904, a cikin iyali na railway. macen ta kasance wani malami a kauyen makaranta, inda ya samu ya sakandare ilimi. Kamar dukan takwarorina a shekaru 13 ya zama memba na Komsomol Boris. Kuma a cikin shekaru 15 na sun tafi a cikin adulthood - aka kira da Eastern Front da yakin basasa, inda ya yi aiki a sashen siyasa na 4th Army.

Duk da haka, wani saurayi fiye da sabis, janyo hankalin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya samu nasarar wuce Nazarin a cikin Saratov wasan kwaikwayo makaranta, karanta wani sashi daga cikin waka "Fairy" Maksima Gorkogo. The saurayi nan da nan ya dauki manyan hanya. Kuma da shugaban Aleksandr Kanin studio dauke da basira ga wata, a aika Boris zuwa Moscow da wata wasika daga gabatarwar Nemirovich-Danchenko.

zama wani actor

A Moscow, Guy tafi, amma ba su yi amfani da taimaka. Maimakon haka, sai ya shiga binciken a drama makaranta "Sun Master" by Hilarion Pevtsova kuma studio Mihaila Chehova. Ya na farko, bisa ga actor, ya kama mai kyau kafuwar ya gidan wasan kwaikwayo samuwar. Kuma Hilarion Pevtsova Boris Andreyevich daukarsa a matsayin malaminsa. Daga baya a cikin tsawon shekaru 6 (tun 1921) Boris Babochkin rawar da suka taka (kuma akwai fiye da 200) wasa a sinimomi Voronezh, Kostroma, Mogilev, Samarkand. Wannan lokaci ya kira zama.

Balaga ya zo tun 1927, lokacin da actor taka leda a Birnin Leningrad, Theatre of satire. Ƙ, shi ya riga da multifaceted kerawa na mutanen da suke mafi muhimmanci aiki a kafada. Babochkin play, directed, amsa a fina-finai, ya koyar kuma ya rubuta articles for Theatrical bugu.

A m wa kansu a cikin shekara ta 1927 zuwa aure Boris Babochkin. Personal rai-monogamous actor ba kama wani lissafi da yawa unknowns. All Rares, a lokacin da ya fadi cikin soyayya da wani dancer Katya, wanda nan da nan ya zama malam. Sai suka yi 'yar Tatyana. Babochkin iyali ya kananan, amma m. The biyu ƙaunar juna, ya nuna godiya da kuma girmama su.

Karbuwa ga cinema

Tun shekarar 1931, wasa a Pushkin Drama wasan kwaikwayo (sai ya kira jama'ar House Drama wasan kwaikwayo), Boris Babochkin a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma fim ya zama ma fi ganuwa. Kamar yadda furuci da sukar, suka buga da muhimmancin Sysoev daga play "The First doki" Vishnevsky taso sha'awa. Ya nuna da masu sauraro mai daraja jirgin saman soja, a 'yan tawaye da kuma Bakan'ane, matsari daga cikin Fatherland da kuma juyin juya halin Musulunci. Wasan kwaikwayo sukar sun sunyi baki daya: mafi kyau actor Petersburg a shirye ya ke wasa a gaske manyan sikelin-almara rawa.

Kafin babban aiki a cikin rayuwarsa mai yawan ayyuka a cikin art na actor kika aika fita idan nufin rabo, kamar yadda idan ya shirya masa domin ya nan gaba rawar tsanani.

Hard szhivaetsya mataki actor tare da ƙayyadaddu na movie. A farko domin shi ne mai hanya na Karavayeva bataliya kwamandan a cikin film "bore". Darektan fim kokarin iyaka hõre stringent algorithm Babochkin m magana. Ya tayar, ba yarda da wani cinema. Amma da ya gaba aikin - rawar da Makar Bobryk (fim "Da farko tawagar" directed Sablina-Korsch) ya nuna cewa wani mataki actor ya iya jimre kinospetsifikoy warai da kuma tsare m siffar da hali.

Offer gudanarwa Vasilyev wasa a cikin fim "Chapaev"

Famous a duk faɗin ƙasar wannan actor sanya hoton Chapaeva. Duk da haka, akwai wani dukan sarkar da katari da ya kai ga cewa actor Babochkin Boris Andreevich samu da rawar da ya ba tukuna almara rabo kwamandan.

Wannan tef cancanci musamman short comment. Kadan da aka sani, cewa halitta na cikin movie rubutun "Chapaev", gudanarwa Vasilyev, m ga sanannen imani, da 'yan'uwansa ba su - su ne kawai namesakes. Daya daga cikinsu, Georgiya Vasileva, da kallo na fim, wanda ya zama wani classic, za a iya gani a scene na White Guard qwaqwalwa ne qwarai hari, yanã tafiya da shi tare da wani tari, shan taba taba. Mun kuma iya ganin matar na biyu darektan. Sergeya Vasileva actress matar Barbara Myasnikov taka rawar da Anakie-na'ura-sojan igwa.

Shirye da su aiwatar da Babochkin Chapayeva

Da farko Boris Babochkin aka dauka a kan rawar da ma'ana Vasily Ivanovich - Petka. A Chapayeva rawa dauki wani mabanbanta actor - Nikolai Batalov, amma ya aggravated a lokacin yin fim da tarin fuka.

Boris A. a lokacin da wani m kerawa. All ya gabata na addashin aiki shi ne, a ainihi, da motsi gaba a ci gaba da iyawa. Babochkin kammalã da ikon REINCARNATION. Ya Raya Makon suna ƙara ganin darajarsa tsafi. Ya sũranta su ji da kansa a blurring da iyakoki da kerawa.

A screenplay daga cikin rabo kwamandan na actor shãfe ga core, saboda ta sirri rai kuwa shi wannan da cewa Boris kansa Babochkin a cikin yakin basasa suka yi jihãdi a cikin wannan rundunar tare da gwarzo: siyasa jami'in ya bauta wa, kusa da 25th sojan doki Division. Bugu da ƙari, cikin siyasa malami Babochkin domin sabis magana da manajoji: kwamandan sojojin Avksentiev, shugaban ma'aikatan Makarov san da kaina duk division shugabannin sojoji ... fãce Chapaev. Vasily Ivanovich, Abin mamaki, aka ba labartawa ne, da aka taba gani a sake.

Boris Babochkin san ganin an da tausasãwa na rayuwa da kuma sabis da darajõji. Ya, da kansa wani gogaggen trooper iya prance a kan dawakai, da soja chic sa a uniform a mahayan sa ya hula domin ta zauna a cikin wasu m hanya, ta sirri kwaikwayo wakilta ƙamus da kuma demeanor konarmeytsev.

Wannan ya ba shi damar yi rubutun daga cikin fim ba a matsayin jaruntakar labari, da tashin hankali, domin gano wadanda sihiri thread wadanda hanyoyi-hanyõyi cewa kai ga zuciya da kallo.

Daga cikin ma'ana - a jami'in Kwamandan

Zai yiwu shi ya sa, a farko kokarin wasa a kan kansa Petka, actor (wanda lalatattu abokan aiki kira ga ikon fadada rawar da ta fi ƙanƙanta da aka gyara ya mamaye bincika kowane) don yin m sabawa siffar wani ma'ana. Vasilyev yi jayayya da shi, sai sun kasance wanda muryarsa ta duƙushe.

The tsaro sun unequal: biyu cikakku directed da guda actor. Boris Babochkin sãɓa wa jũna. Ya tsaya ya kasa: play ya zama daban-daban. A daya irin wannan m muhawara, ya ba zato ba tsammani, suka juya abruptly kuma shiru tafi zuwa ga miya dakin.

Vasilyev dube juna da yayi ajiyar zuci, idan akai la'akari da shawarwari da aka lashe, amma akwai shi. Wadannan 'yan mintoci, quite bisa ga abke, na zo fama da tashin hankali actor, amma a kayan shafa Chapaev. Directed kawai gasped hoto da kuma halayyar kamance. Sha'awar roba ƙungiyoyi Babochkin-Chapaeva, ya na ibada. A actor yi magana 'yan impromptu phrases - shi ya fiye tabbatacce.

A takaice a kan muhimmancin kinoraboty Babochkin a "Chapaev"

Rawar da Petka nan da nan ya wuce Gudkin actor Yakubu ne, wanda daga baya aka maye gurbinsu Leonidom Kmitom. Bayan da cewa, bisa ga gudanarwa, "katin tafi daidai."

Da alama cewa wannan your mataki na farko zuwa Chapayev - m aikace-aikace na da suke dashi da kuma nan da nan reincarnation a cikin jami'in Kwamandan - tako cikin abada Babochkin Boris. A actor ya yi da farko a cikin nau'i na Vasily dukan fim. Sa'an nan wannan rawa da aka bar wata alama a kan ransa. Kuma a karshen - a cikin tarihi na dukan na Soviet cinema.

A kan ci da mutane Chapayeva Babochkin

Hoton rabo kwamandan kayyade sikelin na canji da kuma m ƙaddamar da actor.

A cikin rawar da Chapaeva ya sami wata damar jefa punches shiru cine fim, inda actor ya yar tsana da darektan, inda waje yiwuwa ana fĩfĩta actor ta kerawa.

Ya faru ne a mu'ujiza na kerawa: Hoton Chapaeva farfado, shãfe miliyoyin zukata, cike da abun ciki da aka hũra a cikinsa, Babochkin. Za a yanzu da aka sani da jami'in Kwamandan, idan ba wasan na actor? Za sauti a kan lebe na masu sauraro Babochkin sunan, idan ba haka ba, Vasily Ivanovich?

A rabo daga wadannan biyu maza suna inextricably garwaya. M canji na The Miracle Ma'aikata. Almara labari ya halicci manya manyan Rasha actor Boris Babochkin. Photo na actor a kayan shafa Chapayeva ko da tsohon mambobi ne na 25th sojan doki Division, da kaina saba da Vasily Ivanovich, da ake kira m ga asali.

Ku cika play to ikon art: actor sanar da masu sauraro game da labarin ba m mazakuta, da ɗaukaka, kamar yadda wani mai rai mutum, mallakan gaskiya, Allah ya ba basira da - zama da shugaba. CHapaev Babochkin, jami'in, ya tashe daga talakawa daraja, wani lokacin m m hikima. Wani lokaci yana da jiki ba daidai ba

Amma shi duka - fili ƙarƙashin shugabanni mutum kasawan. Kuma sũ, sunã gãfartawa shi a gare shi, kamar yadda idan ya gafarta kaina uba. Bayan duk, su san cewa su Chapayev taba yaudararka, kada ka bar fagen fama. Sun yi imani da shi ne m dabara, instinctively fahimtar ƙayyadaddu na wani sojan doki yaƙi. Su ne, idan ya cancanta, kada ku yi shakka a rufe shi da jikinsa da wani kau- harsashi a matsayin Chapaev da kuma shirye su mutu a gare su.

Duk wannan ya iya kawo wa matsayin su Babochkin.

A tasiri na rawa a kan Chapaev m rai na actor Babochkin

A fim "Chapayev" shiga a cikin na farko da ɗari na duniya mafi kyau fim ayyukansu. A Marshal Voroshilov Boris Andreyevich wasan ya yi irin wannan ra'ayi cewa ya ba da actor wani Apartment a Moscow. Boris Babochkin ya tuna da wata babbar kasa soyayya, wanda aka splashed a kan mahaifinta. Actor gaske halitta mai real fitacciyar. Shekara arba'in baya, wani m darektan Tarkovsky kira Babochkin-Chapaeva "m lu'u-lu'u, a cikin abin da kowane fuska bambanta da m, kafa monolithic bayani dalla-dalla."

Godiya ga wannan fim aiki Babochkin zama a shekarar 1935 ƙarami Mutane ta Artist na Rasha.

"Chapaev" ya ba da actor a irin indulgence: ya kai tsaye da kuma bude mutum, wanda ba zai iya daidaita da kuma magana sau da yawa m abubuwa, kada ku shãfe ta NKVD. Duk da yake yawa dogara a kan nazari na Janar, kuma an bã ta. M, wanda rasa Boris Andreyevich taba zuwa ciji harshensa ...

Boris Babochkin a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma cinema bayan "Chapaev"

A lokacin babban Patriotic War, da actor yin fim da yawa. Yuni 22, 1941, ya kasance a cikin Riga a kan yin fim na "Matattu madauki", gaya game da matukin jirgi S. Utochkin. Kuma mutãnensa suka yi ƙaunar. Actor su kinoobraz karfafa mutane su yi tsayayya da Nazis, ya gane shi, aiki fanatically, 16 hours a rana. Mutane da yawa manyan film matsayin buga ta Boris Babochkin, ya Filmography a yaki lokaci ya m: "iya karawa", "Front", "The tsaron na Tsaritsyn", "Uwar filin." A karshe na wadannan fina-finai shi ne na farko aikin shi a matsayin wani fim darektan.

Duk da haka, idan harkar fim Babochkin da kyau sake dubawa, ta Theatrical ayyukansu sun zo karkashin hari. Na ƙi shi ga sa'a, ga basira da. Amma idan m film "Chapayev" an untouchable alfarma saniya, yana aiki a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo darektan Labari Kaka, sun gana da rashin jituwa. Shawarwarin da aka yi a asirce, Arts Council, nauyin akida akidarsu da kuma alamu. A halin da ake ciki ya paradoxical: da Leningrad sauraro farincikin gane tafiya tare da sayar da-fita wasanni na "Sarki Potap", "Kuban", "Wolf", "Summer Mutane" (Boris Babochkin - darektan), da kuma bayan wani yini na tura raba su zuwa smithereens.

Af, da play "Sarki Potap" Boris Andreyevich dauke da ya fi kyau aiki. Ya ba su iya tsayawa cewa wani shirya zalunci da kuma rubuta wasika na murabus, koma daga Birnin Leningrad, to Moscow. Sa'an nan wannan mataki zai kira mafi girma kuskure ransa. Ya gari a kan Neva ya fi congenial.

Baiting darektan a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Pushkin

Birnin Leningrad, a kwakwala, Babochkin canja da yawa daga cikin Moscow sinimomi. Ya farko taka leda a farko Moscow Art gidan wasan kwaikwayo, sa'an nan - a cikin Vakhtangov Theater. Daga shekarar 1949 zuwa shekarar 1951 Boris A. an actor kuma darektan na Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo, Moscow Drama Theater. Pushkin. Aikin a karshen tabbatar da hayayyafa.

Babochkin halshen, wanda ya kawo cikakken gidaje, - "Inuwar" (bisa Saltykov-Shchedrin). Birnin Leningrad, ya maimaita halin da ake ciki. A da shi, da darektan, yayyafa tare da caustic, cancanci, wulãkantãwa zargi. Domin da wannan nasarar, domin iyawa. A Babochkin sa'an nan ya yi ta farko da ciwon zuciya, sai ya riƙi zuwa gadonsa a asibiti. Sa'an nan na shekaru uku da ya yi ya zama m. A actor san yadda za a budewa da yarn Ƙasa sukar, amma aka tilasta neman wani wa'adi tare da Ministan Al'adu Furtsevoy ... ewa, ya samu aiki, a Maly Theater.

Aiki a Moscow Art Theater

Kuma a nan halin da ake ciki an maimaita: babochkinsky play "Ivanov" da yake faruwa a cika gidan, da taccen zargi (alamance magana) tsãge shi da hakora. "Kuskure" Babochkin ya akida: ya ko da yaushe sa mutum sama akida, ji na biyayya, da lamiri na jam'iyyar da ake bukata. Kuma duk da haka ya fito fili ya kira da darektan da wasan kwaikwayo Tsarev Yahuza don yi ɓatanci a baiwa darektan Meyerhold, wanda ya zama dalilin kamawar na baiwa. Grass Boris A. Wannan abin.

Bayan m ya sanar da rezhessiruemy su yi wasa "Les" unplanned, Boris Babochkin iya tsayawa ba da wulakanci da murabus daga Maly Theater.

Ya bar koyarwa a VGIK. Almajiransa, musamman actress Natalia Bogunova, tare da sha'awa game da unspent kerawa Babochkin. A cewar ta, ya iya "doke da" dukan kamfanin.

maimakon a ƙarshe

Babochkin koyar a VGIK, ina nan suka gane abin da matsalar na Soviet wasan kwaikwayo: a motsa daga classic, da canzawa da hankula takalidai. , Cutarsa ji rauni emasculation adam, aiki, art farkon a matsayin.

Boris Andreyevich ba zato ba tsammani ya wajaba sha'awar sa "The tsuntsun seagull" Chekhov ta m. Ya rubuta musamman darektan ta rubutun. 17/07/1975 Babochkin na da mota ya zo da Maly gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da ya zo a cikin ginin, bayan cimma wata yarjejeniya tare da Igorem Ilinskim, don haka ya taka rawar da Sorin. A kan hanyar dawo, ya ba zato ba tsammani zama da rashin lafiya. Zuciya. Ya tsaya da mota. Na fara neman wani hannu. Ba su samu ba a hannunka ...