Akwatin gidan Tarihi: daga triples zuwa e-mail. Tattabara post. Katunan gaisuwa. mail isar

Mutane da yaushe bukatar musanya bayani. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa akwatin gidan tarihin ya fara tun kafin zuwan rubutu da kuma haruffa saba wa zamani mutum. A zamanin da, domin watsa labarai murya amfani. Wannan hanya zauna a cikin wasu yankuna har zuwa tsakiyar zamanai. Alal misali, a cikin Inca Empire ga mutane da yawa ƙarni, akwai matsara-criers wanda yada labarai na babban birnin kasar, da motsi a kusa da kasar ta hanyar wani cibiyar sadarwa na branched dutsen hanyoyi. Daga baya, da suka yi amfani da knotted wasika, cikinsa da bayanai m sun igiyoyinsu da thread.

cuneiform Allunan

A farko tsarin da rubutu a cikin gargajiya ma'anarta - cuneiform. Tare da bayyanar game 3 shekara dubu BC. e. akwatin gidan tarihi ya koma zuwa wani sabon matakin. Cuneiform baza cikin al'ummai na zamanin d Mesofotamiya: Sumerians, Akkadians, Babilawa, da Hittiyawa.

Wasiku nuna wani katako, itace a kan lãka Allunan, yayin da yumbu riƙe da softness. Saboda da takamaiman halayyar sandan kayan aiki tashi shtrishki. Envelopes ga haruffa kamar sanya daga lãka. Don karanta saƙon, da mai karɓa ya karya "da kunshin."

A tsohon tarihin mail na dogon lokaci zauna kusan ba a sani ba. Great taimako ga binciken da ya sanya da bude daga cikin library na karshe girma Sarkin Assuriya Ashurbanipal, wanda ya yi mulki a VII. BC. e. A nasa umarni, madadin aka sanya daga 25,000 lãka Allunan. Daga cikin cuneiform texts kasance a matsayin gwamnatin takardun da kuma misali mail. A library da aka bude a cikin XIX karni. Saboda da musamman samu iya ciyar deciphering m kafin fassara cuneiform.

Bawo da kuma zane

Huron yan kabilar India bi da tare da beads na bawo. Suna strung a kan wani thread, kuma haka samu dukan wasika. Kowane farantin da wani launi. Black nufi mutuwa, ja - yaki, rawaya - .. haraji, da dai sauransu A ikon karanta wadannan launin belts aka dauke da gata, da kuma hikima.

Akwatin gidan tarihi ya faru da kuma "misalta" mataki. Kafin rubuta wasika, mutane sun koyi su zana. Sun zanen na tsoho, misalai na wanda a yau ake samu a cikin m kogwanni, shi ne kuma wani irin mail, gwanon zuwa wani zamani makõma ga al'ummomi. Harshe alamu da jarfa har yanzu kiyaye su a cikin ruwan dare Polynesian kabilu.

Alphabet da tẽku mail

Its musamman tsarin rubuce-rubuce da aka ta da tsoho Masarawa. Bugu da kari, su aka ci gaba da tattabara post. Don canja wurin Masarawa amfani hieroglyphics bayanai. Da yawa kasa da aka sani ne cewa wannan al'umma ya halitta da farko samfur daga cikin haruffa. Daga cikin da yawa haruffa, Figures sun kasance haruffa, a aika da audio (akwai 24).

A nan gaba, da manufa na boye-boye ɓullo da wasu mutanen zamanin da Gabas. A farko dace haruffa dauke haruffa, wanda ya bayyana a birnin Ugarit a kan ƙasa na zamani Syria a kusa da XV karni. BC. e. Sa'an nan, a irin wannan tsarin ya yaɗu zuwa wasu Semitic harsuna.

Its haruffa ya daga Phoenicians. Wannan m mutane ne sananne ga gwani shipbuilders. Matuƙan aka haihuwa mail a cikin da yawa mazauna a sassa daban daban na Rum. A kan tushen da Phoenician haruffa samo asali Aramaic da kuma Greek alphabets, daga wanda yake fãra kusan dukan zamani rubuce-rubuce tsarin.

angarum

Angarum - tsoho Persian akwatin gidan sabis, kafa a cikin Achaemenid Empire a cikin VI. BC. e. Yana kafa ta sarki Sairus II Mai girma. Kafin cewa mail isar daga daya karshen jihar zuwa wani zai iya daukar watanni, wanda ba ya dacewa da hukumomi.

A zamanin Sairus bayyana hangars (da haka ya kira doki jigilar kayayyaki). Post da yawa na wancan zamanin ya ba na farko stirrings na Martial mail, data kasance a yau. A mafi tsawo hanya angarum gudu daga Susa zuwa Sardisu, da kuma ta tsawon aka 2500 kilomita. Babbar hanya da aka raba daruruwan tashoshin inda dawakai da aka canza da kuma jigilar kayayyaki. Tare da wannan ingantaccen tsarin na Persian sarakuna seamlessly canja wurin umarni da hakimai a cikin mafi m lardunan da sararin daular.

Lokacin da Cyrus II ta gaje Dariyus da na Sarakuna Babbar Hanya, wadda aka kwanciya da ingancin ya haka high cewa misali na kungiyar (da kullum angarum) a cikin jihar ya yi amfani da Aleksandr Makedonsky, Roman sarakuna, da kuma ko da Charles I, wanda ya mulki na da Frankish Empire a cikin IX karni da aka gina.

The Roman zamanin

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, Roman haruffa da kuma akwatin gidan tarihi yawa kamar Persian. A jamhuriyar, kuma daga baya a cikin Empire wanzu a layi daya jama'a da kuma masu zaman kansu saƙon tsarin. A karshen da aka bisa ga aiki na da yawa wakilan, wanda aka yi ijara da (ko amfani a matsayin bayi) arziki patricians.

A rufinta Roman Empire rufe sararin ƙasa a cikin uku sassa na duniya. Tare da guda cibiyar sadarwa na branched hanyoyi riga a cikin na karni AD, ta kasance amintacciyã aika wata wasika daga Syria zuwa Spain ko daga Misira zuwa Gaul. Kananan tashar, inda nake a doki, an shirya a nesa da dama kilomita. Kunshe-hawa da jigilar kayayyaki a kan doki, ya yi amfani for kaya kuraye.

A mafi m da tasiri a jihar post ya samuwa ne kawai domin na aikin rubutu. Daga baya suka fara da za a bayar na musamman yarda da amfani da tsarin tafiya jami'an da Kirista firistoci. Jihar lura da post kusa da Sarkin sarakuna da yake matsaran prefect, kuma daga IV karni - Jagora officiorum.

na da Turai

Bayan fall na Roman Empire da tsohon mail tsarin rushe. Posts karfe tsĩrar da babban matsaloli. Hana kan iyaka, da rashin hanyoyi da kuma sakaci, aikata laifi da kuma bacewar wani guda tsakiyar iko. Mail sakon ya zama ko da muni tare da fitowan na feudalism. Manyan gonaki sau da yawa cajin babbar kudade domin tafiya a kan karkararta, wanda yake shi ne musamman rikitarwa aiki jigilar kayayyaki.

The kawai ko da dan kadan Karkasa kungiyar a Turai a farkon tsakiyar zamanai, da coci zauna. Gidajen, dakunan karatu, majami'u da kuma administrative jikin bukatar a akai musayar bayanai a cikin sararin mafi yawan siyasa fragmented Turai. Domin kungiyar na mail fara dauki dukan ruhaniya domin. Sau da yawa, muhimmin rubutu a Old World aka hawa cikin ɓata sufaye da firistoci, wanda cassock da kuma ruhaniya matsayi kasance sau da yawa da mafi kyau wajen kariya daga matsala da baki.

Its kamfanoni manzanni bayyana a jami'o'i, wanda janyo hankalin dalibai daga wani m iri-iri gefuna. Musamman shahara jigilar kayayyaki makarantu na Naples, Bologna, Toulouse da kuma Paris. Su liaise tsakanin dalibai da kuma iyalansu.

Mai bukatar post yan kasuwa da 'yan sana'a. Ba tare da musayar rubuta saƙonni tare da abokan aikinsu, ba su iya tsayar da cinikayya da kuma kasuwanci. Mutum hukumomi m mail tashi a kusa da guilds da kuma sauran kungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa. A misali na irin wannan tsarin da aka halitta a Venice, wanda cinikayya Lambobin hade na da jamhuriyar ba kawai daga Turai amma kuma daga m kasashe a daya gefen da Rum.

A Italiya da Jamus, inda ma'aikata free birane kafa, aka mika tasiri birane mail. Nasu gogaggen masu gudu sun kasance a Mainz, Cologne, Nordgauzena, Breslau, Augsburg da sauransu. D. Suna tsĩrar da matsayin haruffa na gwamnati, kazalika da aika talakawa mazauna biya domin ayyuka a wani jadawalin kuɗin fito.

Coachmen da triples

Godiya ga "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" Aleksandra Pushkina a da yara duka ji da magana: "Tafi tare da wata wasika da Manzo." Domestic mail samo asali a cikin tsawon Kievan Rus. Da bukatar wani tsarin na musayar rubutu ya kasance kullum dacewa ga kasar mu saboda da sararin yankuna. Babban Yammacin Turawa da kuma nuna nesa jeri na Rasha ManzanninSa, kuma mutumin ga kasashen waje.

A lokutan Ivana Groznogo da tsar ta jigilar kayayyaki ya auku a kan rana na ɗari kilomita, wanda kasance da wuya a bayyana wa kasashen waje kallo. A XIII - XVIII ƙarni. akwatin gidan tashoshin a Rasha an kira rami. Suka kuma kiyaye dawakai, da aiki Inns.

Akwai kuma abin da ake kira coachman sabis. Yana yada wa jama'ar na lardunan daftarin. Manoma bauta wa da taƙawa, muna da tsara harkokin sufuri na jami'an gwamnati, jami'an diplomasiyan da kaya. Wannan hadisin ya yada Tatar-mangolawa a lokacin da karkiya a Eastern Slavic mulkoki. A XVI karni Yamskoy da oda ya bayyana a cikin Rasha jihar. Wannan analogue na ma'aikatar aka tsunduma ba kawai mail amma kuma da haraji al'amura. A takaice magana: "Tafi tare da wata wasika Manzo" iya wuya kai da wuya daga cikin kar kasuwanci a na da Rasha.

Game da ɗari biyu da suka wuce, akwai shahararrun raznoallyurnye tafiye-tafiye uku dawakai. Su aka Fitted fita musamman domin tafiya a tsawon nisa. A tarnaƙi na crotch doki gallop, da kuma tsakiyar shaft-doki trotting koma. Godiya ga wannan sanyi ya kai iyaka ga lokacin gudun 45-50 kilomita awa.

Daga kocina zuwa Railways da steamships

Karkasa tsarin na Royal Mail bayyana a Ingila, Sweden, Faransa da kuma sauran kasashen da suka ci gaba a XVI-XVII ƙarni. Tare da girma bukatar wani inji ILD.

A nuna na tsakiyar zamanai da Modern Times a Ingila yada stagecoaches. Wannan hoto ne a hankali ƙwace cikin sauki doki jigilar kayayyaki. A karshen, ta lashe duniya da kuma bayyana a dukan sassa na duniya, daga Australia zuwa Amurka. Zuwa na mail karusa a wani gari ko kauye, ya ruwaito tare da wani musamman Kakakin.

Wani sauyi a ci gaba na sadarwa da tsarin ya faru a farkon XIX karni tare da zuwan railroads da shipping kamfanoni. Wani sabon irin ruwa kai ne da kafa a cikin kungiyar na Birtaniya-Indian-mail. Musamman don sauƙaƙe tafiya zuwa gabas da Burtaniya ta dauki nauyin gina da Suez Canal a Misira, ta hanyar abin da jirãge iya ba tafi kusa da Afirka.

mailboxes

Akwai da dama iri na inda ya zo na farko akwatin gidan waya. A daya daga cikinsu za a iya gani a matsayin irin wannan lobbies, kafa a Florence a farkon XVI karni. Suka sanya gaba ga majami'u - babban jama'a wurare na birnin. Katako akwatin da tsaguwa a saman da aka tsara don aika da wani m denunciation, a cikin abin da ya ruwaito aikata laifukan yaki a jihar.

Har ila yau a cikin XVI karni, wadannan trends sun matuƙan. A kowane daga Birtaniya da kuma Dutch mazauna da nasu akwatin gidan waya. Da taimakon wannan fasahar explorers shige rubutu zuwa wasu jiragen ruwa.

Faransa ya kirkiro akwatin gidan waya aka dauke Renoir de Vilayat. Shi ya warware matsalar da rubutu tsakanin Parisians. A tsakiyar karni XVII a Faransa babban birnin kasar akwai hudu gidan waya, amma ba su iya jimre da babbar kwarara daga rubutu na talakawa 'yan ƙasa. Renoir de Vilayat ya memba na gwamnatin da kuma National Academy of Sciences. Ta haɗa da kansa dabara da administrative albarkatun (ƙuduri na King Louis XIV), a 1653 ya qaddamar da shigarwa na mailboxes duk kan Paris, wanda shi ne sauƙin ga akwatin gidan sabis. The sabon abu da sauri kama a cikin babban birnin kasar da kuma yada zuwa wasu biranen.

A tarihin Rasha-mail ne irin wannan cewa gida mailboxes bayyana ne kawai a 1848. A farko wannan abubuwan al'ajabi kafa a Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg. Da farko, da zane da aka yi da itace, sa'an nan suka maye gurbinsu da karfe. Domin gaggawa kayayyakin amfani mailboxes, fentin wani haske orange launi.

kan sarki

A halin yanzu lokaci a New duniya akwatin gidan tsarin yana da yawa shortcomings. Key daga cikinsu shi ne gaskiya cewa da zargin domin aika parcels zauna knotted duk da wani kayan aiki da kuma fasaha sababbin abubuwa. A karo na farko da wannan matsalar da aka warware a Birtaniya. A 1840 ya bayyana da farko na yanzu sanannun brands - "black dinari". Its saki aka hade da gabatarwar tariffs domin aikawa imel.

Qaddamar da halittar da iri ya zama Rowland Hill siyasa. A adadi An kwarzana da iri profile na matasa Sarauniya Victoria. Innovation makale kuma tun sa'an nan kowane ambulan da harafin da aka sanye take da wani musamman lakabin. Lambobi bayyana a cikin wasu kasashe. A gyara ya jagoranci wani gagarumin karuwa a yawan akwatin gidan kayayyakin a Birtaniya fiye da ninki biyu a cikin adalci shekara ta fari ta wata epochal canji.

A Rasha, da alama bayyana a cikin 1857. A farko alamar kudin sufurin mai daraja a 10 aninai. The hatimi-gangarawa mikiya da aka nuna. Domin wurare dabam dabam ya zaɓi wannan heraldic alama ce, tun da shi ne alama na titi Department na daular. A dillancin kokarin tsayar da tare da Western trends. Mail Tarayyar Soviet kuma biya yawa da hankali ga brands. Soviet Shipping Biya ãyõyi bayyana a shekarar 1923.

katunan gaisuwa

Saba katunan gaisuwa fito gwada da kwanan nan. A farko katin wannan irin bayyana a 1869 a Austria-Hungary. Ba da da ewa, wannan format ya lashe Turai-fadi da shahararsa. Haka ya faru a lokacin da Franco-Prussian War na 1870-1871., Lokacin da Faransa da sojoji suka fara massively aika uwansu misalta katunan gaisuwa.

Frontline fashion aka nan da nan intercepted by fatake. Bayan 'yan watanni katunan gaisuwa suka taro samar a Ingila, Denmark, Belgium da kuma Netherlands. Rasha ta farko da katin da aka bayar a 1872. Ko bayan shekaru shida a wani musamman majalisa na kasa da kasa misali katin masu girma dabam da aka soma a Paris (9 santimita dogon, 14 santimita m). Daga baya an canja sau da yawa. A tsawon lokaci, akwai subspecies na katunan gaisuwa: gaisuwa, jinsunan, haifuwa, art, talla, siyasa, da dai sauransu ...

sabon yayi

A 1820, ya? Ir? Ira da ambulan a Birtaniya. Bayan wani shekaru 30, akwai hatimi parcels. A tsakiyar XIX karni, da wasika iya tafiya a duniya domin 80-85 kwanaki. Tashi kara lokacin da Trans-Siberian Railway da aka bude a kasar Rasha.

XIX karni aka alama ta bayyanar da wani serial da gidan waya, tarho da kuma rediyo. Ana zargin sabuwar fasahar ba ya rage muhimmancin da wakilci ga nan mutane ta mail. Tangarahu, kuma ya aikata samar invaluable taimako ga ta ci gaba (a duk sassan na kasar suna hankali a hade suke da alhakin wadannan nau'o'i guda biyu na connection).

A 1874, Universal titi Union da kuma Universal titi Congress gudanar an halitta. Manufar taron shi ne sanya hannu na kasa da kasa yarjejeniya, wanda zai daidaita da disparate rubutu watsa tsarin duniya. A majalisa samu halartar wakilan 22 jihohi. Sun sa hannu da Universal titi guda kwangila, nan da nan sake masa suna Universal titi Yarjejeniyar. The daftarin aiki takaita da dokoki na kasa da kasa tasowa musayar. Tun daga nan, da lambar akwatin gidan waya tarihi na Rasha ya ci gaba a cikin layi tare da duk duniya juyin halitta na akwatin gidan sabis.

ci gaba Aeronautics fara a cikin marigayi XIX karni. Ci mutumin iska ya kai ga bacewar wani jiki shingen ga kayayyakin a dukan duniya. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, har ma da tsoho wayewar da aka sani na da wasikun waje - tattabara. Birds amfani da mutane don sadarwa ko a cikin tsawo na ci gaba. Musamman na tattabarai ya zama ba makawa a lokacin da na jini rikici. Feathered mail a kai a kai amfani a kan fronts na farko da kuma yakin duniya na biyu.

e-mail

A cikin zamani zamanin akwai da yawa ma'anar. Kuma kiran shi bayani. Kuma wannan gaskiya ne a mutunta mutane da yawa. A yau shi ne mai babbar hanya ga bayanai, don matsar da ci gaba. A hade da juyin juya halin faru godiya zuwa fitowan na Internet da kuma na zamani hanyar sadarwa.

Yau, saba wa da yawa daga mutane takarda mail hankali bada hanya zuwa email. A wuri na baƙin ƙarfe akwatin for envelopes zo e-mail, da kuma shafukan yanar-gizon gaba ɗaya shãfe gani Ganin cewa na nesa. Idan shekaru ashirin da suka wuce da Internet da aka gani a matsayin chudacheskaya fun, yanzu ba tare da yana da wuya a kwatanta da rayuwa na zamani mutum. Samuwa a matsayin wani lantarki e-mail zuwa ga kowane mutum embodies dade karnuka juyin halitta da kusan duk da daban-daban jerks da tsalle.