A Jamus matukin Hartman Erih

Kowane mutum ne saba da exploits na Soviet matukan jirgi aces, ya nuna heroism a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Amma kadan da aka ce game da cewa Jamus matukan jirgi na zamani a wata hanya mafi ƙaranci daga gare mu aviators. Haka kuma, Jamus matukin Hartman Erih ne ace da ciwon da mafi yawan nasarori a tarihin duniya jirgin sama. Bari mu tattauna a daki-daki, ya biography.

matasa

Hartman Erih Alfred aka haife Afrilu 19, 1922 a cikin karamin gari na hikima, a ƙasar Württemberg. Ba shi ne kawai yaro a cikin iyali, nan gaba ace yana da wani kane, Alfred, daga baya kuma a yi fama matukin jirgi.

A 20-ies na Hartmann ta iyali yanke shawarar komawa kasar Sin. Dalili kuwa da tsananin talauci a cikinsa, akwai wani iyali a Jamus ke faruwa ta hanyar a lokacin mai tsanani tattalin arziki da rikicin. Duk da haka, tuni a 1928, Hartman Erih, tare da iyayensa da ɗan'uwansa, aka tilasta su kõmo zuwa ga mahaifarsa, inda suka zauna a garin Weil im Schönbuch a Württemberg.

Soyayya ga jirgin sama ya Erich jini saboda uwarsa Elise Hartman ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko mace matukan jirgi a Jamus. A 30s, ta ko da kuwa ta buɗe ta nasu glider makaranta cewa danta da aka samu nasarar kammala.

Bayan makarantar sakandare, Hartman Erih a 1936 samu National Institute for Siyasa Ilimi. Bayan shekaru uku, ya sa wata fizga yarinya Ursula, wanda ya hadu yayin da karatu a makarantar sakandare riga a Korntal. Hakika, ta iya ba ki irin wannan ban sha'awa da kuma alamar saurayi kamar Erich Hartmann. Hotuna da su daga iyali album za a iya kyan gani a kasa.

Fara na sabis

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, nan gaba matukin Erich Hartmann yanke shawarar bauta wa a cikin Luftwaffe - Air Force Wehrmacht. A cikin farkawa daga cikin m nasarori na Jamus aces son zuciyarsa kawai girma karfi, kuma ya samu nasarar kammala jirgin horo a watan Oktoba 1941.

A farkon watanni na 1942 tare da Erich ya gudanar da azuzuwan kuma yana karantar da daya daga saman Jamus aces - Hogan. Wannan al'amari, ba shakka, zai iya ba a nan gaba ba zai shafi da kyau kwarai da sakamakon. Na muhimmancin gaske da su azuzuwan a kan wani jirgin saman soja "Messerschmitt Bf109», wanda Hartman Erih daura da sauran ya aiki a matsayin matukin jirgi.

A karshe, a watan Oktoba 1942, a nan gaba ace da aka aiko zuwa Arewa Caucasus matsayin wani ɓangare na Tara rundujar soja masu dawaki 52nd Fighter rundujar soja masu dawaki (JG-52), wanda ya ta da cewa lokaci riga daukaka da daraja, karkashin jagorancin shugabansu Dietrich Grabakom.

Better luck gaba lokaci

Ba da da ewa akwai wani baftismar wuta Erich Hartmann. Babu wani abu da jaruntakar ko fice gaba ace bai aikata. Yin jirgin tare da kai tsaye ya rene Edmund Rossman, ya rasa gani da mazan. Bugu da kari, da jirgin sama na Erich Hartmann sha wahala kwatsam hari na Soviet jirgin saman soja. Amma dole ne mu biya haraji ga matasa matukin - ya har yanzu ya iya samun daga abokan gaba da kuma sa kyamara.

Kwararru da yawa baya ya bayyana cewa Erich Hartman kawai tsoratar. Amma tsoro ya halin kusan dukkan matukan jirgi, ya sanya farko sortie, har ma da wadanda suka zama a gane ace a nan gaba. Duk da haka, a cikin wani m jirgin Erich ba ya ba da tsoro, ka dauki kan saman.

farko nasara

Amma, duk da irin wannan depressing farkon ya soja aiki, a farkon Nuwamba Hartman Erih ya iya samun farko nasara a kan makiya a cikin iska.

Wanda aka azabtar da ashirin matukin jirgi ya zama Soviet hari jirgin Il-2, wanda ya kasance wani sosai m, kuma m abokin gaba ga German matukan jirgi. Amma Erich gudanar da basira da rike shi. Ya ya iya kusanci maƙiyi jirgin sama kusa yadda ya kamata da kuma yin saiti don samun ya mai sanyaya. Wannan dabara ta horar da matasa matukan jirgi yãƙi Jamus ace Alfred Grislavsky. Daga baya, matukin jirgin Hartman ya yi ta amfani da wannan dabara a wani yaki da irin wannan na'urorin.

Duk da haka, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, yana cikin maganin shafawa gardama a cikin maganin shafawa. nesa kusanci na downed jirgin sama taka m wargi, da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa na shi kamu na'urar Erich. Ya aka tilasta yin gaggawa saukowa. Shi ne mai kyau darasi ga matasa pilot, don ci gaba da shi, bayan karin abokan gaba a kusa da iyaka, ko da yaushe ina kokarin da sauri don karkatar da jirgin sama daga hanya.

mafi kyau hour

Bayan wannan in mun gwada nasara yaƙi bi jerin m manufa. Saboda haka, Erich Hartmann for watanni uku ya iya buga saukar daya kawai naúrar na abokan gaba.

Wannan hour na rabo ga matasa matukin jirgi ya faru a lokacin yakin Kursk, daukan wuri a cikin watan Yuli da Agusta 1943. Duk da sauran deplorable sakamako na yaki ga Jamus sojojin, shi ke lokacin da Eric nuna mafi m sakamakon. Bayan da Kursk fadace-fadace a baya shi a dama da aka gyarawa daraja - matukin jirgin ace. Hartman Erih for kawai wata rana daga cikin yaƙi nuna wani mamaki sakamakon, harbe saukar bakwai maƙiyi jirgin sama.

A nan gaba, matukin jirgin ne kawai don kara yawan nasarar da suka samu. A lokacin Agusta 1943 ya harbe saukar 43 Soviet da jirgin sama, kuma su total number a wannan lokaci ya kai casa'in.

banmamaki gudun hijira

A daya daga wadannan fadace-fadace kawai tsere bauta Erich Hartmann. Memoirs rubuta da kansa, kuma ya gaya daki-daki, game da lamarin.

Lokacin da Jamusanci direban yi yaƙi da Soviet matukan jirgi ya jirgin sama tsanani lalacewa da aka sa. Bayan wani maƙiyi na'ura buga Hartman Erih, boomerang, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa rufe kansa mota. Wannan tilasta ace zuwa kasa cikin yankin magabta.

Erich tsunduma a gyara da jirgin sama. Amma sai ya ga cewa wuri inda ya shafe gyara gabatowa detachment na Soviet sojojin. The kawai damar tserewa da kuma kauce wa kama ya yi da'awa da za a ji mugun rauni. Hartmann ya yi amfani da wannan dama da kyau. Ya aiki ya haka m cewa Red Army sojoji yi imani da cewa Eric ne a wani mutuwa yanayin.

Sojoji ɗora Kwatancen da Jamusanci ace a kan wani gadon ɗauka maras lafiya da kuma aika da truck a naúrar. Amma Erich, inganta lokacin, tsalle daga cikin mota da gudu. Babu harsashi da nufin zuwa ga Hartman, kada buga manufa, amma, Abin mamaki, riga a kan Jamus gefen gaban, aka yi masa rauni mai gadi nasu sojojin, wadda suka amince da gudun hijira matukin jirgi na abokan gaba.

Yana da wuya a yi hukunci da yadda gaskiya labarin gaya Erich Hartmann. Memoirs na matukin jirgin ne kawai tushen daga wanda duniya san shi.

kara ci gaba

Ko da yake Jamus sojojin suka tattara m zuwa kan iyakoki na Reich, Eric Hartman da kowane yaki ya kara yawan ta sirri nasarori. By karshen 1943 adadin su ya daidaita kusan xari da sittin. By lokacin Al ya gudanar ya samu a matsayin lada da Knight ta Cross - da mafi fifiko a Jamus sojojin.

A babbar yawan Hartman wins shuka iri shakka a cikin AMINCI, ko da a cikin Jamus High umurninSa. Amma daga baya, Eric ya iya tabbatar da cewa irin wannan zato da tushe. A farkon Maris 1944 da yawan makiya jirage harbe saukar da wani Jamus ace, wuce ɗari biyu, kamar yadda na Yuli 1, ya kai ɗari biyu da hamsin.

By wannan lokaci da yaki a Turai wasan kwaikwayo na tashin shigar da Amurka Air Force. Kuma yanzu shi ne Amurka da jirgin sama, mafi yawa "Mustangs" su ne babban abokan adawar na wani Jamus matukin jirgi.

Amma daraja yana da bangarorin biyu na tsabar kudi. Da zarar a watan Agusta 1944, yawan cin nasarar yaki da Erich wuce ɗari uku, ya zama wani rai labari, mafi nasara ace dukan lokaci. Yana sanya mana tunanin da Wehrmacht jagorancin cewa a taron da ya rasu, wannan al'amari ƙwarai demoralize da Jamus sojojin. Yana da aka haka ya yanke shawarar janye daga almara matukin yanki na aiki yãƙi. Tare da wahala, Hartmann gudanar ya kare su dama su zama a sahun gaba.

yaki Gamawa

A farkon shekarar 1945, Erich Hartmann da aka bai umurnin a rundujar soja masu dawaki mahada. Wannan abu ne da tabbatar da kansa a cikin wannan wuri.

Sa na karshe yaki Jamus ace gudanar May 8, 1945, a gaskiya, riga bayan rattaba hannu da Jamusanci sallama, a kan Czechoslovak birnin Brno. A wannan rana ya harbe saukar da wani Soviet jirgin saman soja. Amma, sanin cewa aikin banza ne juriya, ƙarshe Hartman da guntattakin ya naúrar da aka tilasta su mika wuya zuwa Amurka sojojin division.

bayan da yaki,

Bayan karshen yakin duniya na II, bisa ga yarjejeniyar tsakanin masu cin nasara, Erich Hartmann aka mika da Amirkawa ga Soviet gefe kamar yadda wani soja, wanda ya yi yaƙi da Red Army.

A cikin Tarayyar Soviet Hartmann ya aka daure da zarar shekaru 10 ga laifuffukan yaki. Kuma a sa'an nan da shekaru 25 don shirya wani haddin shari'a cikin kurkuku. Amma a shekara ta 1955 da almara ace an sake, a cewar wani hadin yarjejeniya tsakanin da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Jamus a kan mayar da fursunonin yaki.

Nan da nan bayan ya dawo gida Hartmann gano da soja sabis kamar yadda jami'an. Ya aka nada shugaban rundujar soja masu dawaki. Murabus daga cikin shahararrun ace bar a shekarar 1970, ko da yake ci gaba da aiki bayan da malami jirgin sama.

Mutuwa ta riske Erica Hartmann Satumba 19, 1993, yana da shekaru 71.

Hali fice ace

Hartman aka halin da takwarorinsa a matsayin m kuma na gaisuwa mutum. Ya sauri zuba a cikin sabon tawagar da kuma ko da yaushe jin dadin da girmama juna da kuma tausayawa da gwarazansa. Ba kowane mutum zai iya haka da ya lashe a matsayin Erich Hartmann. Hotuna da cewa muna da samuwa, tabbatar da sake dalĩlin m yanayi. Sun yi kusan ko da yaushe yana nuna murmushi da kuma na gaisuwa, sau da yawa a cikin kamfanin na abokai.

Abokan aiki ya Hartmann m laƙabi "Bubi", wanda ke nufin "Little Boy". A dalilin ne ya short jiki da kuma cewa ya duba matasa domin ya haihuwa.

Erich Hartmann taba na son don samun shiga a cikin wani dogon m iska fadace-fadace, fifita su yi aiki ba zato ba tsammani da sauri, amma a kusa da iyaka. Bayan yajin, sai ya yi kokarin samun tafi maza maza a cikin yaƙin, ba za a rufe da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa wata downed jirgin sama ko biyar musu da wasu direbobi maƙiyi. Zai yiwu daidai saboda wannan dabara Hartman ya iya cimma irin wannan m yawan nasarori.

Nasarori da kuma muhimmancin

A halin yanzu, mutane da yawa soja masana tarihi da kuma Malaman tarihi binciko aiki na irin wannan fice pilot, Erich Hartmann. Photos, takardu, memoirs ne mai babbar taimako a cikin wannan wuya aiki.

Erich Hartmann rightfully sa title na cikin mafi girma da ace dukan lokaci. Total domin yakin duniya na II, ya halarci 802 iska fadace-fadace, da wanda 352 sa a nasarori da cewa har yanzu yana yarda da juna, sakamakon. A daidai wannan lokaci shi a 1404 sorties aka sanya.