Arsenic acid: sinadaran abun da ke ciki dabara. sosai kawo hadari abu

Gurbin daban-daban sunadarai a jikin mutum shi ne shubuha. Mafi yawan mu san mahadi ko ne tsaka tsaki, da kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar dan Adam. Amma akwai wani rukuni na abubuwa, wakiltar wani tsanani barazana ga kiwon lafiya. Sun kasu kashi da dama azuzuwan. Bincika a wannan labarin arsenic acid - daya daga wadannan guba da sinadarai. Bisa ga a halin yanzu a karɓa rarrabuwa, shi ne kunshe a karo na biyu aji na high-hadarin, tare da chloroform, gubar da lithium mahadi. Mun yi nazarin da kaddarorin arsenic acid more daki-daki.

Kwayoyin tsarin da kuma ta jiki Jihar al'amari

Wannan fili a karkashin al'ada yanayi yana da wani crystalline tsari. Da yake ina da tribasic, arsenic acid, a cikinsa dabara H ₃ Aso _4, yana da sakandare da kuma acid salts. Alal misali, potassium gidroarsenat - K ₂ HAsO _4, sodium digidroarsenat - Nah ₂ Aso _4, lithium arsenate - Li ₃ Aso _4. Calcining arsenic acid, arsenic samu gemipentoksid kira arsenic pentoxide. Ya fari m lu'ulu'u samar da wata vitreous taro, shi ne talauci mai narkewa a cikin ruwa.

dissociation

H3AsO _4, tare da formic acid da kuma gubar hydroxide ne moderately rauni electrolyte. Saboda haka, a tebur da manyan ionization acid ortomyshyakovaya acid na da uku dissociation constants: 5.6 x 10 ^-3, 1.5 x 10 ^-7 da kuma 3, 89 x 10 ^-12. Wadannan Manuniya fahince quantitatively da acid ƙarfi. A daidai da dissociation constants a yawan inorganic acid H ₃ Aso ₄ bautar wani wuri tsakanin chromium da antimony acid. Rasha chemists experimenters AL da I. L. Agafonovy tsara ilmin lissafi magana, cikinsa da samu dangantaka farko da na biyu dissociation m na arsenic acid daga zazzabi jere daga 0 ° C zuwa 50 ° C.

Musamman sinadaran Properties

A mataki na hadawan abu da iskar shaka na arsenic kwayoyin halitta da ke cikin acid kwayoyin, shi ne 5. Yana nufin da gaskiya cewa fili kanta a sinadaran halayen da wasu abubuwa nuna oxidizing Properties. Saboda haka, a lokacin da hulda da potassium iodide aiki a matsayin rage wakili, a wani acidic matsakaici mu sami arsenious acid ne H ₃ Aso ₃ tsakanin dauki kayayyakin. Ka tuna cewa arsenic acid, a cikinsa dabara H ₃ Aso _{4 ne} tribasic, ya kuma inganta, halayen da Alkali sansanonin ko insoluble, shi zai iya ba iri uku salts: matsakaici, hydro- da digidroarsenaty. Ingantaccen dauki zuwa Aso ₄ ^3- ions a cikin hikimar tantance sunadarai na hulda da kanta ne arsenic acid ko ta salts da narkewa azurfa salts, kamar nitrate. A sakamakon lura hazo Ag ₃ Aso ₄ kofi launi.

Iodometric hanya domin tabbatar da dalilin da arsenic acid

A hikimar tantance sunadarai, wani muhimmin aiki ne don gane sinadaran mahadi a cikin mafita. Arsenic acid, sinadaran Properties wanda muka tattauna a baya, za a iya gano micromethod iodometry. Don 1 ml na ta bayani ne zuba daya girma daga 4N. hydrochloric acid da kuma 1 ml na wani 4% bayani na potassium iodide. Kafa arsenic sesquioxide As ₂ Ya _{3, da} taro na wanda karkashin tsauraran gwada yawa yawa na reagents ne ko da yaushe guda kuma shi ne daidai 0,5746 MG.

A oxidizing ikon da arsenic acid

Kamar yadda aka sani, H ₃ Aso _{4 kamar yadda} orthophosphoric acid, an electrolyte matsakaici ƙarfi. Ta fari m lu'ulu'u ne deliquescent da aka tsara 2h ₃ Aso ₄ x H ₂ O. Its salts kafa tare da Alkali karafa (as talakawan, da kuma acid), a mai ruwa-ruwa mafita da PH mafi girma daga 7. Arsenates lithium, potassium, sodium da kuma ammonium readily mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, da kuma sauran Tsakiya gishiri ba ya narke a cikin ta. Arsenic acid - mai kyau oxidizer. A redox halayen, shi ne a mayar da da arsenous acid ko arsine.

H ₃ Aso ₄ ⁺ 2e + 2h + = H ₃ Aso ₃ + H ₂ Ya

H ₃ Aso ₄ ⁺ 8e + 8H + = Ash ₃ + 4H ₂ Ya

Bugu da ƙari kuma, arsenic acid readily oxidizes daban-daban karafa, sulfite kuma acid iodide, da kuma hydrogen sulfide.

Shiri na arsenic acid

Karkashin awon yanayi, H ₃ Aso ₄ za a iya samu ta hanyar maida martani arsenic sesquioxide tare da nitric acid a karkashin dumama. A kayayyakin gano nitrous oxide da H ₃ Aso _4. Wani Hanyar shirya - shi ne aka rushe a ruwa na arsenic oxide. Akai-akai amfani da su samu shi lokaci daya hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma hydrolysis trialkilarsenitov mai tsanani zuwa 50 ° C da wani bayani da hydrogen peroxide. Lokaci guda, da dauki cakuda an cire daga ruwa da kuma barasa. A bayani da aka sa'an nan evaporated da kuma samu high tsarki arsenic acid. A yanayi, da albarkatun kasa domin arsenic acid ne ma'adanai arsenolite da arsenopyrite, waxanda suke da arziki a cikin adibas na Chelyabinsk, kuma Chita yankin na Rasha Federation.

aikace-aikace H3AsO4

Ganin cewa a ortomyshyakovaya acid ne daya daga cikin karfi poisons. Its aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antu da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum yana da iyaka. More kowa gishiri - arsenates, wanda yawan guba ne sosai kasa da cewa daga mafi H ₃ Aso _4. Saboda haka, a cikin itace aiki masana'antu da tutiya sulfate da pentachlorophenol sodium gishiri, arsenic acid da aka yi amfani da magani na itace. Wannan hanya minimizes asarar daga halakar cellulose fungal cututtuka da kuma larvae na beetles, itace borers. A magani H ₃ Aso ₄ da aka yi amfani da "Atoxil" shiri domin lura da protozoal cututtuka, kamar giardiasis, balantidiasis, isosporiasis.

Ya kamata a lura cewa kamuwa da yawan wadannan cututtuka a 'yan shekarun nan ya kara da cika fuska. Akwai dalilai da dama - misali, kamuwa da cuta da abinci dauke da spores protozoa, da cizon kwari ko jima'i. Arsenic acid da aka yi amfani a matsayin fara abu a samar matakai na Tantancewar tabarau, kazalika a lantarki da aikin injiniya. Wanda aka samu H ₃ Aso ₄ - ta sodium gishiri, an samu nasarar amfani a dermatology da kuma tarin fuka. Mahadi amfani da hakori arsenic (arsenic manna) a matsayin magani amfani ga ragewan da zafi ƙwarai daga cikin inflamed jijiya a kan kau daga wani hakori canal.

A mataki na acid a kan jikin mutum

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, H ₃ Aso ₄ kunshe a cikin na biyu aji ya karu Hazard - sosai kawo hadari abubuwa. Dauke mutuwa sashi na biyu da acid da kuma ta salts a cikin kewayon daga 15 zuwa 150 MG da kilogram na jikin mutum. Tare da na kowa mai guba sakamako, arsenic acid sa necrosis na fata da kuma mucous membranes na ciki gabobin: huhu, ciki, hanjinsu.

A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, a cikin gwaje-gwajen da arsenate da H ₃ Aso ₄ ake bukata don amfani m safar hannu, kuma kansu gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a karkashin wani fume kaho. A cikin hali na matakin na cell yawan guba keta ta enzyme tsarin, kamar yadda inactivation na enzymes. A cikin mutane, guba arsenate take kaiwa zuwa paresis ko inna. A Oncology jiyyar cutar sankara da wadanda ba yarda da dosing regimens da kwayoyi da kuma guba lokuta miarsenolom novarsenolom rubuta. Taimakon farko ga guba salts na arsenic acid ne nan da nan na ciki da lavage (msl, sodium unitiola ko silicon dioxide shirye-shirye).

Don hana m na koda gazawar, hemodialysis An wajabta. Kamar yadda wani maganin guba kuma unitiola 5% bayani, yana yiwuwa su yi amfani da safener Strizhevskaya. Kafin zuwa na gaggawa taimakon farko a gida don rage matakin maye za a iya amfani da citric acid bayani, sa'an nan sa amai da ciki wanka. All warkewa matakan kamata a da za'ayi a yarda da m gado sauran karkashin likita dubawa.