Maganganu - abin da yake da shi? lãbãri iri. Wannan mas'ala ta lãbãri

Mun duk fahimta da bambanci magana da rubutu da rike lamba hanyoyin, ba shakka, wajaba a kansa. M magani za a yada bayanai zuwa real mutane a cikin gargajiya wallafe-wallafen harshen. Saboda haka, bi da bi, za a yi la'akari m ƙoƙari musanya wata musamman ƙamus sananne yau da kullum maganganu.

Tabbatar da dalilin da lãbãri

Ba kawai kimiyya, amma kuma da bayanai juyin juya halin kiwon XXI karni. Babbitt yau tsayar kullum tare da wasu baki SADARWA. Mu ne duk a yau da kullum sadarwa da kuma godiya ga waɗanda ke kewaye da mu bayanai kwarara kafofin watsa labarai da aka nutsa cikin zurfin lãbãri. "Mene ne wannan?" - tambaya da m karatu na labarin. Amsar ne remarkably succinct definition ba a cikin ƙamus New Webster: shi ne fi'ili sadarwa.

Origin of ajalin

Da kalmar da aka samu daga Latin discursus, wanda ke nufin "sake zagayowar na motsi." A tsawon lokaci, da unordered m ƙungiyoyi daga cikin jiki jirgin sāke. Sun zama a hade da daban-daban "Multi-directional" tunani, ra'ayi, da bambancin ra'ayoyi daga mutane daban-daban a kan wannan matsala. Daga baya, akwai wani canji na ma'anar. Ya fara steadily hade a mafi yawan mutane shi ne tare da manufar fi'ili lãbãri. Wancan ne, to bayyana kawai. Kusan duk wani bayani da wa'adin: ko gida, daga filin siyasa, da akida, da al'adu, kimiyya, soja harkokin - ne daya - wannan daya ne daga cikin iri na lãbãri.

A gwani a cikin wannan filin, Farfesa, University of Amsterdam TA Van Deyk bin diddi} matsayin sadarwa - canza Macro-mamaki, kamar kimiyya, akida, al'ada, kusan zuwa kowane mutum a kan microsocial matakin da dispensing bayanai tasiri.

Maganganu da rubutu

Abin da ke bambanta da rubutu da kuma lãbãri? Bayan duk, sunã da wani na kowa alama: wani ingantaccen zance har yanzu m qunshi wani primary bangaren - rubutu. Duk da haka, kamar yadda muka ambata, irin wannan rubutu shi ne ba da wani ilimi ko ilimin kididdiga. A sahun gaba na ingancinta, watau. E. The annabta da kuma gane magana da tasiri, a zahiri ya jũya da rubutu a cikin lãbãri. Abin da irin kunkuntar-fi'ili mataki? A lãbãri ne ko da yaushe directed a wani takamaiman abu, zama a wani musamman yanayi da kuma takamaiman manufa masu sauraro. Kuma lalle shi haƙĩƙa ake bayyana bayani game da shi ya tabbatar a wani mahallin. Raba lãbãri ne mai kama (jiwuwa) ji block.

Duk da haka, da sarkar lãbãri ba mai hankali, daya block iyakar, wani ya fara, don haka shi simulates wani hali tattaunawar, wanda shi ne wani jerin batutuwa: .. Daya ƙare, da kuma maye gurbin shi zo da wani lãbãri. Wannan irin wannan sadarwa tasiri yana da wani block tsarin, a fili da al'adar aikin kafofin watsa labarai.

sirri lãbãri

Daban-daban na al'umma, akwai saukin recognizable su Game da muradi da jigogi ake amfani da su yadda ya saba form.

Su ne asali, a hannu daya, da kuma na musamman - a kan sauran. A ra'ayi na "lãbãri" sociolinguistics sub-kasu kashi hukumomi da kuma lichnostnoorientirovanny (sirri).

Nau'i na farko na bukatar a riwayan zama na wasu zamantakewa ma'aikata, don ya bayyana kansa a matsayin jami'in. Na biyu ya shafi wani zance da masu sauraro da nufin shi a kan kaina. Wannan irin na sadarwa da cewa mayar da hankali a kan zaman kansa amfani da riwayan.

Iri lãbãri, bi da bi, suna subdivided cikin jinsin. Saboda haka, na sirri da aka bayyana, a iri: yau da kullum da kuma rayuwan.

Social hulda faruwa tsakanin mutane saba, fahimta juna da kyau. Saboda haka, wannan ne tare da wani fi'ili lamba nonverbal, supplementing shi. The magana kwakwalwa gaba da cewa da mai sauraro ta fahimci shi daidai, a dangane da ma'anar kalmomi ne sosai mobile.

Rayuwan irin lãbãri faruwa a lokacin da mutum daya, ta amfani da daban-daban Figures na magana, da dalibai za su gabatar da su fassarar gaskiya, da dalilai na su da halayensu, da kuma abin da ake kira ciki duniya. Shi ne muhimmi a cikin ayyukan almarar. Rayuwan sadarwa tasiri, a ainihi, daban-daban daga cikin gida. Duk da haka, da suka kada suka yi tarayya a: wadannan iri lãbãri zaton da rawar da wani aiki mai saurarõnsu. Wannan ya kamata rayayye sa hankali na magana riwayan.

hukumomi lãbãri

Wannan irin lãbãri ne daban-daban tare da su matsayi da kuma rawar da Sin. Fi'ili sadarwa na faruwa a cikinta a kan fannoni daban daban na gwaninta, cewa wanzu a cikin al'umma, kamar administrative, soja, kasuwanci, diplomasiyya da kuma taro bayanai, likitanci, sufi, kimiyya, ilimi, da talla, addini, wasanni, wasan kwaikwayo, doka, siyasa.

Kowace daga cikin wadannan hukumomi daban na sadarwa tasiri ne halin da biyu main siffofin: manufa fuskantarwa da lãbãri da kuma ta masu sauraro. Talla lãbãri ya auku tsakanin kungiyoyin masu tallace-tallace da kuma talla addressees a hanyoyi daban-daban: a kafofin watsa labarai, a musamman m mujallu, talla kamfen ta latsa, tartsatsi amfani da waje talla (billboards, laytpbordy, talla a kai). Dalilin da siyasa lãbãri ya al'ada kasance zuwan to ikon jam'iyyar da kuma ci gaba gaban a gaban ta.

Kullum magana, da nazarin wani irin hukumomi lãbãri, kamata bayyana ta muhimmi halaye: discursive dabara, da kayan (magana), m texts, iri da kuma nau'o'i, dabarun, mahalarta, lokaci-sarari, a raga, dabi'u (ciki har da key ra'ayi). Kasa za mu yi kokarin yin wannan ta hanyar nazarin daya daga cikin jinsunan.

kimiyya lãbãri

Mahalarta na hukumomi lãbãri, kira Science, masu bincike suna kimiyya matsalolin da jama'a - da masu kallo da kuma mutanen da suka karanta mujallar kimiyya. Its na kafin lokaci ne da daidaitakar mahalarta, saboda duk su ne daidai da zama a kan aiwatar da m sadarwa Ya tabbatar da gaskiya. Duk da haka, da kimiyya lãbãri da ɗan sabanin. A daya hannun, musharaka cikin shi ayan daidaita su statuses, sunã mãsu jũyãwa da juna "da abokan aiki", da kuma a kan sauran - erecting shinge ga kasashen waje hannu a cikin zance bisa gabatarwar musamman kimiyya darajõji, kuma statuses. A lokacin da wannan batu ne musamman abstracted, shirya Azancin. Kamar wancan ne da manufa da sakamako na shaida.

Concepts na kimiyya lãbãri

A ra'ayi na kimiyya lãbãri presupposes multifunction hannu na masana kimiyya. Odnoremenno suka gane kansu a matsayin masu bincike, kamar yadda malamai, kamar yadda wani mai kiran kasuwa, da kuma, ba shakka, kamar yadda masana a cikin batun a karkashin tattaunawa.

A darajar wannan irin ta sadarwa mataki ta'allaka ne a asali Concepts: ilimi, gaskiya, binciken. Ya na da wani ilmi daga cikin dabarun. Ya unshi da m tubalan na gudanar da bincike: ƙuntatawa da kadaici da batun. review na baya bincike} o} arin. halitta na shiriritar da kuma manufofin. tabbatar da dalilin da hanyoyin. samar da wani msar tambayar model tsara ta wurin bincike batu; gabatar da bincike da sakamakon, sharhi a gare su, kuma tsara review. definition of m darajar. gabatar a mujallar kimiyya.

nau'o'i

A ra'ayi na Genre fito a cikin farkon karni XIX, manufar lãbãri - a karshen XX. Domin da farko lokacin da hada Bulgarian masanin Todorov Tsvetan a shekarar 1975. A bukata kafun ga wannan mataki da aka matsalar na ci gaban kimiyya "lãbãri" category: a ciki kuma wani daga cikin irin bukatar kara daki-daki, a kan naúrar na jawabin sadarwa. Musamman m manufar Genre yake cikakke ya zo don bayyana alamu na lãbãri. Shi ya ta'allaka ne da cewa, a hannu daya, an samar da kamfanin, da kuma a kan sauran - rinjayar ta superstructure.

Kamar yadda muka ambata, da lãbãri nau'o'i da lãbãri zuwa ga takamaiman ra'ayi kamar yadda ya na sirri gabatar. A musamman, da Genre na kimiyya lãbãri za a iya kira m, gabatar a taron, taƙaitaccen labari, monographs, kimiyya-fasaha rahoton, bincike rahoton, review, muqala, Poster, m, kimiyya takarda.

Modern Genre tsarin na kimiyya lãbãri amma ta rubuta da kuma baka iri, ya hada kwamfuta da sadarwa (amsa kuwwa-taro, kimiyya Hirarraki, e-mail).

Talla lãbãri: wani tsarin ba

Mun yarda da likita na philological sciences Irinoy Germanovnoy Ovchinnikovoy cewa lãbãri da talla ne daban-daban daga sauran iri fi'ili sadarwa na ta cin gashin. Ba kamar sauran "hukumomi" yana da karfi da unidirectional, daga talla ga mai amfani. Shi ne muhimmi a cikin yanayin hadin ne da nufin - to amfãne. Bugu da ƙari, cikin talla batun tsananin tsara da sadarwa gabatar domin: tashar, lokacin da baza mita. Good talla ya kamata a saba da hadisai na al'umma to wanda shi ne jawabi ga wakilan.

A Multi-faceted yanayin da talla lãbãri sama-sama misalta cikin wani m, ko ga wani layman kamar yadda Viktor Pelevin ta labari "Chapaev kuma fanko". Hanyar ta asali nuni: wani labari da kanta ne a cakuda lãbãri, tsakanin wanda shi ne wani abu talla. A protagonist, a copywriter Tatar, Yãna halitta promotional kayayyakin a daban-daban nau'o'i: cikakke yakin neman shirye-shiryen bidiyo labari, talla Concepts da taken. Kamar yadda, bisa ga Pelevin, copywriters karfafa mutane - talla abu - saya wasu kaya da kuma ayyuka? Tatar aka bayyana ta da asali. Mutane, a cikin ra'ayi, an kullum kokarin samun 'yanci a su ci gaba da shan wahala. Kuma ga su wayo tallace-tallace don haka ta hanyar talla lãbãri razorachivayut gaskiya cewa wannan sosai yanci bayyana gammaye da fuka-fuki, da baƙin ƙarfe, ruwan lemo da sauransu. D.

A labari "The Empire," da marubuci ya yi gargadin, shi nuna korau gefen wani disproportionately overgrown talla lãbãri, mimicry a duk duniyoyin rayuwa, kyau gurbin da kyawawan dabi'u na al'umma. Ya soki da lãbãri, disorienting mutane a zabi na rayuwa nufi da maye gurbin obschestvoobrazuyuschie ka'idojin.

Global hanyar sadarwa da kuma Maganganu

Daya daga cikin alamun da XXI karni ne fitowan da sabon iri na sadarwa da generated da ci gaban da bayanai fasahar. A musamman, sadarwa matsakaici na Internet a yau occupies wani gagarumin wuri ga mafi yawan mutane. Internet lãbãri abubuwa a matsayin wani symbiosis na epistolary da conversational style. Its main Hanyar ma'anar zama misãli - gaibu analysis kewaye canja wuri daya abu (sabon abu) zuwa wani. Internet lãbãri, bisa ga AG Abramov, yana da yanayi na a chat, t. E. Interactive kuma yi, a hakikanin lokaci. Bugu da kari, shi kwakwalwa, a asirce na sadarwa, da hali zuwa lambobi. Don ayyana shi, ya jarraba ta bangaren sassa, amma wannan shi ne wani topic for wani labarin.

ƙarshe

A yau babu shakka cewa daya daga cikin zaman jama'a dalilai a cikin samuwar mu sani abubuwa lãbãri. Misalin wannan ana kullum da aka sani. Bayan samuwar na fi'ili sadarwa na m ko m hasashe na zamantakewa wurare da kuma cibiyoyi faruwa a kan tushen da bayanai gudana a cikin al'umma. Wannan ya gabatar da damar da za ka yi amfani da mutane tunani.

Fi dacewa, sabili da haka, fi'ili sadarwa kamata ƙara bi dabarun a raga da kuma halin kirki jama'a fiye da gajere moriyar 'yan siyasa da kuma kasuwa.