A ka'idar zamantakewa kwangila - yanayinsu da kuma tarihi na ci gaban

A ka'idar zamantakewa kwangila, abin da ya bayyana a cikin shekaru haske falsafa, ya ce irin wannan zamantakewa ginshiki a matsayin mai bayyana gabãta na halitta jihar mutum. Advanced masana falsafa na lokacin, Hobbes, Rousseau da sauransu dauke halitta Unlimited sirri da 'yanci, amma wasu daga cikinsu na tunanin cewa wannan' yanci shi ne kamar haka nuna adawa ga nufin mutanen da ke kewaye da su, da kuma sauransu - da cewa shi ne dalilin da zaman lafiya na m al'umma.

A ka'idar zamantakewa kwangila na Hobbes da kuma sauran masana falsafa na ilimi kuma ya nuna cewa fitowan na jihar shi sakamakon wani doka yi - a gaskiya, mafi halitta da kwangila, wanda shi ne wani sakamako na nufin mutanen da suka yanke shawarar zuwa zo up tare da inji don saukaka rayuwa da kuma mafi tabbatar da 'yanci. Isar da juyin juya halin Musulunci na da lokaci ya da ra'ayin cewa da ikon da monarch ba daga Allah, amma daga mutane, da kuma cewa da babban aiki ya zama, a sama da dukan, da kariya ga al'umma da 'yanci. Mai cikakken ra'ayin da aka bayyana a cikin ayyukan Paul Holbach. Kamar yadda ya rubuta ba, da ra'ayin na alfarma nufin monarch da dama in bauta wa kawai a matsayin uzuri ga samun uncontrolled ikon da sabani iko. Wannan shi ne, wani ɓangare na al'umma amfani da kyakkyawan zarafi da keta halitta kwangila. Amfani da manufa na "raba da mulki", wadanada suka shuka sabani a tsakanin 'yan kasa domin ya zama da cikakken mulkin. Whim na monarch da aka gina a lokacin da bin doka da oda, da kuma sun karkatar da na halitta dama na mutane da canza ra'ayinsu da shuka da tsaba alfãsha. Ya ra'ayin da aka goyan bayan yawa da masana falsafa na ilimi a lokacin da, a sama da dukan, Radischev, bisa ga ra'ayin cewa jihar da aka ba su halicci a whim na monarch, kuma domin mafi tasiri kariya daga hakkokin da waɗanda ake zalunta.

A ka'idar zamantakewa kwangila na Locke jãyayya da cewa wani m halittar jihar shi dalilin da yarjejeniya tsakanin 'yan kasar da haka ya kamata ta kasance da tafin kafa manufa da kafa jihar.

Amma mafi fili ayyana manufar "zamantakewa kwangila ka'idar" ba da Falsafa Rousseau. A cewar shi, da babban aiki na zamantakewa kwangila ne Ganowar da wannan nau'i na aure tsakanin mutane, ta hanyar abin da kowane haɗi zuwa duk, yayin da kawai ya yi ɗã'a ga kansa, ya zauna, da kaina free. Manufa Jihar Russo - wannan shi ne ikon da 'yan ƙasa da yardarsa ba wasu daga cikin abubuwan da yanci domin cimma da jama'a da kyau. Saboda haka, mutane ne ba mutum ba, amma wani irin al'umma - doka mutum (wanda kuma ake kira a jamhuriyar da} ungiyoyin al'umma). A cikin babban rawa da adalci dokokin a cikin wannan al'umma. A cewar Rousseau mafi kyawawa tsarin ne m kai tsaye mulki. Kawai hade da talakawa iya wuce dokokin hana fa saboda wani manufa daya, kuma babu sarki yana da wani hakki a karya su. Social kwangila ka'idar kuma ce cewa mutane da dama su yi tsayayya ga azzalumai, da iyakance su istinbadi hakkokin, kuma da ra'ayin na allahntaka dama na cikakkar daular mulkinsu - ba fiye da marmarin zuwa unscrupulous ikon-jin yunwa monarch. Wannan ra'ayin ya kasance da gaske neman sauyi ga lokaci.

Rousseau jãyayya da cewa sarki ikon, dangane da soyayya da ya kyau 'yan kasa, amma kawai yanaye, kuma bazai cikin hanyar ta musamman hakkin. Bugu da kari, wani sarki a cikin bin ikon zai ayan raunana mutane, saboda haka ba ya iya ba shi da juriya da kuma iyakance ikonsa da son-kai zai zama ko da yaushe domin shi da fari.

A ka'idar zamantakewa kwangila kafa tushen da yawa akidu m jihohin na zamani sau - da United States of America, Faransa ta Tsakiya, da kuma aka shika-shikan a cikin tsarin mulkin kasa.